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Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

Evaluating complex interventions is complicated. The Medical Research Council9s evaluation framework (2000) brought welcome clarity to the task. Now the council has updated its guidance

https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/337/bmj.a1655.full.pdf

Developing and evaluating complex interventions: The new Medical Research Council guidance

The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) has received considerable attention in the literature. The present study is a quantitative integration and review of that research. From a database of 185 independent studies published up to the end of 1997, the TPB accounted for 27% and 39% of the variance in behaviour and intention, respectively. The perceived behavioural control (PBC) construct accounted for significant amounts of variance in intention and behaviour, independent of theory of reasoned action variables. When behaviour measures were self-reports, the TPB accounted for 11% more of the variance in behaviour than when behaviour measures were objective or observed (R2s = .31 and .21, respectively). Attitude, subjective norm and PBC account for significantly more of the variance in individuals' desires than intentions or self-predictions, but intentions and self-predictions were better predictors of behaviour. The subjective norm construct is generally found to be a weak predictor of intentions. This is partly attributable to a combination of poor measurement and the need for expansion of the normative component. The discussion focuses on ways in which current TPB research can be taken forward in the light of the present review.

/pdf/efficacy-of-the-theory-of-planned-behaviour-a-meta-analytic-32gm69pazu.pdf

Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour: a meta-analytic review.

In this chapter a theory of motivation and emotion developed from an attributional perspective is presented Before undertaking this central task, it might be beneficial to review the progression of the book In Chapter 1 it was suggested that causal attributions have been prevalent throughout history and in disparate cultures Studies reviewed in Chapter 2 revealed a large number of causal ascriptions within motivational domains, and different ascriptions in disparate domains Yet some attributions, particularly ability and effort in the achievement area, dominate causal thinking To compare and contrast causes such as ability and effort, their common denominators or shared properties were identified Three causal dimensions, examined in Chapter 3, are locus, stability, and controllability, with intentionality and globality as other possible causal properties As documented in Chapter 4, the perceived stability of a cause influences the subjective probability of success following a previous success or failure; causes perceived as enduring increase the certainty that the prior outcome will be repeated in the future And all the causal dimensions, as well as the outcome of an activity and specific causes, influence the emotions experienced after attainment or nonattainment of a goal The affects linked to causal dimensions include pride (with locus), hopelessness and resignation (with stability), and anger, gratitude, guilt, pity, and shame (with controllability)

/pdf/an-attributional-theory-of-achievement-motivation-and-2eu5g13rxj.pdf

An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion.

Doesroutine screening forbreast cancerraise anxiety? Results fromathree waveprospective study inEngland

Declining fish stocks for some species in some parts of the world are at least partially attributable to commercial and recreational fishing activities. The commercial fishing sector is often thought to be the largest harvester of fish stocks, but the recreational fishing sector can also place significant strain on resources. Recreational fishing is very popular activity in Queensland and on the GBR but there are some specific deficiencies in current knowledge about the recreational fishing sector. We thus set out to improve our knowledge about boating and fishing, about catch-and-release (CR (b) the factors influencing the probability of keeping at least one fish were different from those influencing total annual keep; (c) estimates of the monetary value of fish generated from models which considered expected catch, were significantly lower than those which considered actual catch; and that (d) the value of total expected catch (mean expected catch*mean value of expected fish = approx. $27AUS) was generally much less than total outlays for a trip (approx. $63AUS). This research highlights the importance of disaggregating the fishing/boating experience if wishing to learn more about drivers of behaviour. It also highlights the fact that in this part of the GBR, the holistic recreational fishing trip/experience is worth far more than the fish itself. As such, it seems that anglers may view C&R policies or tighter bag limits (which would have a relatively small impact on the value of the fishing trip) more favourably than policies which ban or restrict fishing activities at different times or locations.

Taking a closer look at Boating, Fishing and Fish in the GBR: Implications for policies

Theeffectsofmeasurementmethod onlevelsofunrealisticoptimismfor developingdiabeteswereexaminedin 323UKadults.Amixedfactorial designcompriseddirectandindirect measuresofunrealisticoptimismas thewithin-subjectsvariable,and between-subjectsmanipulationsofthe orderofdirectversusindirect assessment,theorderofself‐other comparison,thenumberofresponse optionsusedandthepolarityofthe ratings.Moreunrealisticoptimism wasobtainedusingthedirectmethod andusingunipolarscales,and/orwith theself‐otherorderintheindirect method.Theresultsindicatethat levelsofunrealisticoptimismdepend onitsassessmentmethod.

Approaches to Measuring Susceptibility to Diabetes

[Extract] The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) Survey of Managers Final Technical Report presents the findings from a social science research project designed to inform environmental planning and management. This project serves as preliminary dissertation research for the primary investigator and informs a larger study of human-environment interactions in the context of the GBRMP. The findings explore managers' perceptions of places within the GBRMP and the environmental governance system that managers exist within. This report is designed to improve the information, services, and products that managers of the GBRMP provide to their public constituents.

A Case Study of Managers' Place Meanings and Environmental Governance of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia

BackgroundThe increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes poses both clinical and public health challenges. Cost-effective approaches to prevent progression of the disease in primary care are needed. Evidence suggests that intensive multifactorial interventions including medication and behaviour change can significantly reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among patients with established type 2 diabetes, and that patient education in self-management can improve short-term outcomes. However, existing studies cannot isolate the effects of behavioural interventions promoting self-care from other aspects of intensive primary care management. The ADDITION-Plus trial was designed to address these issues among recently diagnosed patients in primary care over one year.Methods/DesignADDITION-Plus is an explanatory randomised controlled trial of a facilitator-led, theory-based behaviour change intervention tailored to individuals with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. 34 practices in the East Anglia region participated. 478 patients with diabetes were individually randomised to receive (i) intensive treatment alone (n = 239), or (ii) intensive treatment plus the facilitator-led individual behaviour change intervention (n = 239). Facilitators taught patients key skills to facilitate change and maintenance of key behaviours (physical activity, dietary change, medication adherence and smoking), including goal setting, action planning, self-monitoring and building habits. The intervention was delivered over one year at the participant's surgery and included a one-hour introductory meeting followed by six 30-minute meetings and four brief telephone calls. Primary endpoints are physical activity energy expenditure (assessed by individually calibrated heart rate monitoring and movement sensing), change in objectively measured dietary intake (plasma vitamin C), medication adherence (plasma drug levels), and smoking status (plasma cotinine levels) at one year. We will undertake an intention-to-treat analysis of the effect of the intervention on these measures, an assessment of cost-effectiveness, and analyse predictors of behaviour change in the cohort.DiscussionThe ADDITION-Plus trial will establish the medium-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of adding an externally facilitated intervention tailored to support change in multiple behaviours among intensively-treated individuals with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes in primary care. Results will inform policy recommendations concerning the management of patients early in the course of diabetes. Findings will also improve understanding of the factors influencing change in multiple behaviours, and their association with health outcomes.Trial registrationISRCTN: ISRCTN99175498

This Provisional PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon. Protocol for the ADDITION-Plus study: a randomised controlled trial of an individually-tailored behaviour change intervention among people with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes under intensive UK general practice care

Stephen Sutton

Papers

Doesroutine screening forbreast cancerraise anxiety? Results fromathree waveprospective study inEngland

Taking a closer look at Boating, Fishing and Fish in the GBR: Implications for policies

Approaches to Measuring Susceptibility to Diabetes

A Case Study of Managers' Place Meanings and Environmental Governance of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia