다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

http://faculty.wwu.edu/~shulld/ESCI%20101/Andrady2011Plastics.pdf

Microplastics in the marine environment

One of the most ubiquitous and long-lasting recent changes to the surface of our planet is the accumulation and fragmentation of plastics. Within just a few decades since mass production of plastic...

/pdf/accumulation-and-fragmentation-of-plastic-debris-in-global-2ayi1pcd8z.pdf

Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments.

This review of 68 studies compares the methodologies used for the identification and quantification of microplastics from the marine environment. Three main sampling strategies were identified: selective, volume-reduced, and bulk sampling. Most sediment samples came from sandy beaches at the high tide line, and most seawater samples were taken at the sea surface using neuston nets. Four steps were distinguished during sample processing: density separation, filtration, sieving, and visual sorting of microplastics. Visual sorting was one of the most commonly used methods for the identification of microplastics (using type, shape, degradation stage, and color as criteria). Chemical and physical characteristics (e.g., specific density) were also used. The most reliable method to identify the chemical composition of microplastics is by infrared spectroscopy. Most studies reported that plastic fragments were polyethylene and polypropylene polymers. Units commonly used for abundance estimates are “items per m2” ...

/pdf/microplastics-in-the-marine-environment-a-review-of-the-fg3wzn5tjn.pdf

Microplastics in the Marine Environment: A Review of the Methods Used for Identification and Quantification

As the environment preservation gradually becomes a matter of major social concern and more strict legislation is being imposed on effluent discharge, more effective processes are required to deal with non-readily biodegradable and toxic pollutants. Synthetic organic dyes in industrial effluents cannot be destroyed in conventional wastewater treatment and consequently, an urgent challenge is the development of new environmentally benign technologies able to mineralize completely these non-biodegradable compounds. This review aims to increase the knowledge on the electrochemical methods used at lab and pilot plant scale to decontaminate synthetic and real effluents containing dyes, considering the period from 2009 to 2013, as an update of our previous review up to 2008. Fundamentals and main applications of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and the other electrochemical approaches are described. Typical methods such as electrocoagulation, electrochemical reduction, electrochemical oxidation and indirect electro-oxidation with active chlorine species are discussed. Recent advances on electrocatalysis related to the nature of anode material to generate strong heterogeneous OH as mediated oxidant of dyes in electrochemical oxidation are extensively examined. The fast destruction of dyestuffs mediated with electrogenerated active chlorine is analyzed. Electro-Fenton and photo-assisted electrochemical methods like photoelectrocatalysis and photoelectro-Fenton, which destroy dyes by heterogeneous OH and/or homogeneous OH produced in the solution bulk, are described. Current advantages of the exposition of effluents to sunlight in the emerging photo-assisted procedures of solar photoelectrocatalysis and solar photoelectro-Fenton are detailed. The characteristics of novel combined methods involving photocatalysis, adsorption, nanofiltration, microwaves and ultrasounds among others and the use of microbial fuel cells are finally discussed.

Decontamination of wastewaters containing synthetic organic dyes by electrochemical methods. An updated review

The reaction proceeds smoothly for a variety of aromatic and aliphatic amines using air as terminal oxidant.

Copper(0)-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of Imines from Amines under Solvent-Free Conditions.

The reaction proceeds through C—H activation with oxidative linkage of two C—N bonds under mild conditions and oxygen as a sole oxidant.

Copper(I) Iodide-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines from 2-Aminopyridines and Methyl Ketones.

A facile and highly efficient method for the synthesis of tertiary amines by the reaction of secondary amines with benzylic bromides and 1,1'-dibromo p/o-xylenes in aqueous dioxane and NaOH is described. The reactions arc dually promoted by the base in short time (15 min.) at ambient conditions in aqueous medium.

A Fast and Highly Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Tertiary Amines in Aqueous Medium.

A new application of Hβ-zeolite for debromination of bromophenols and deiodination of iodophenols is presented in this note. The heterogeneous catalyst can be recovered and recycled effectively for subsequent reactions. The catalyst was found ineffective for similar action on chlorophenols.

A Novel Application of Hβ‐Zeolite in Catalytic Dehalogenation of Halophenols.

Highly efficient and regioselective methods for the synthesis of 1,5- and 1,8-naphthyridines (II), (V) catalyzed by I2 and InCl3, resp., are developed.

Subbarayappa Adimurthy

Papers

Copper(0)-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of Imines from Amines under Solvent-Free Conditions.

Copper(I) Iodide-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines from 2-Aminopyridines and Methyl Ketones.

A Fast and Highly Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Tertiary Amines in Aqueous Medium.

A Novel Application of Hβ‐Zeolite in Catalytic Dehalogenation of Halophenols.

Iodine‐ and Indium(III) Chloride‐Catalyzed Facile Synthesis of 1,5‐ and 1,8‐Naphthyridines.