Incorporating gold nanowires into scaffolds used to create heart patches can improve electrical communication between cells and enhance the growth of tissues.

Nanowired three-dimensional cardiac patches

Background:
To assist in the treatment of gait disorders, an inverse and forward 3D musculoskeletal model of the lower extremity will be useful that allows to evaluate if–then scenarios. Currently available anatomical datasets do not comprise sufficiently accurate and complete information to construct such a model. The aim of this paper is to present a complete and consistent anatomical dataset, containing the orientations of joints (hip, knee, ankle and subtalar joints), muscle parameters (optimum length, physiological cross sectional area), and geometrical parameters (attachment sites, ‘via’ points).

Methods:
One lower extremity, taken from a male embalmed specimen, was studied. Position and geometry were measured with a 3D-digitizer. Optotrak was used for measurement of rotation axes of joints. Sarcomere length was measured by laser diffraction.

Findings:
A total of 38 muscles were measured. Each muscle was divided in different muscle lines of action based on muscle morphology. 14 Ligaments of the hip, knee and ankle were included.

Interpretation:
The presented anatomical dataset embraces all necessary data for state of the art musculoskeletal modelling of the lower extremity. Implementation of these data into an (existing) model is likely to significantly improve the estimation of muscle forces and will thus make the use of the model as a clinical tool more feasible.

Morphological Muscle and joint parameters for musculoskeletal modelling of the lower extremity

This book provides an overview of the theory and practice of continuous and discrete wavelet transforms. Divided into seven chapters, the first three chapters of the book are introductory, describing the various forms of the wavelet transform and their computation, while the remaining chapters are devoted to applications in fluids, engineering, medicine and miscellaneous areas. Each chapter is well introduced, with suitable examples to demonstrate key concepts. Illustrations are included where appropriate, thus adding a visual dimension to the text. A noteworthy feature is the inclusion, at the end of each chapter, of a list of further resources from the academic literature which the interested reader can consult. The first chapter is purely an introduction to the text. The treatment of wavelet transforms begins in the second chapter, with the definition of what a wavelet is. The chapter continues by defining the continuous wavelet transform and its inverse and a description of how it may be used to interrogate signals. The continuous wavelet transform is then compared to the short-time Fourier transform. Energy and power spectra with respect to scale are also discussed and linked to their frequency counterparts. Towards the end of the chapter, the two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform is introduced. Examples of how the continuous wavelet transform is computed using the Mexican hat and Morlet wavelets are provided throughout. The third chapter introduces the discrete wavelet transform, with its distinction from the discretized continuous wavelet transform having been made clear at the end of the second chapter. In the first half of the chapter, the logarithmic discretization of the wavelet function is described, leading to a discussion of dyadic grid scaling, frames, orthogonal and orthonormal bases, scaling functions and multiresolution representation. The fast wavelet transform is introduced and its computation is illustrated with an example using the Haar wavelet. The second half of the chapter groups together miscellaneous points about the discrete wavelet transform, including coefficient manipulation for signal denoising and smoothing, a description of Daubechies' wavelets, the properties of translation invariance and biorthogonality, the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transforms and wavelet packets. The fourth chapter is dedicated to wavelet transform methods in the author's own specialty, fluid mechanics. Beginning with a definition of wavelet-based statistical measures for turbulence, the text proceeds to describe wavelet thresholding in the analysis of fluid flows. The remainder of the chapter describes wavelet analysis of engineering flows, in particular jets, wakes, turbulence and coherent structures, and geophysical flows, including atmospheric and oceanic processes. The fifth chapter describes the application of wavelet methods in various branches of engineering, including machining, materials, dynamics and information engineering. Unlike previous chapters, this (and subsequent) chapters are styled more as literature reviews that describe the findings of other authors. The areas addressed in this chapter include: the monitoring of machining processes, the monitoring of rotating machinery, dynamical systems, chaotic systems, non-destructive testing, surface characterization and data compression. The sixth chapter continues in this vein with the attention now turned to wavelets in the analysis of medical signals. Most of the chapter is devoted to the analysis of one-dimensional signals (electrocardiogram, neural waveforms, acoustic signals etc.), although there is a small section on the analysis of two-dimensional medical images. The seventh and final chapter of the book focuses on the application of wavelets in three seemingly unrelated application areas: fractals, finance and geophysics. The treatment on wavelet methods in fractals focuses on stochastic fractals with a short section on multifractals. The treatment on finance touches on the use of wavelets by other authors in studying stock prices, commodity behaviour, market dynamics and foreign exchange rates. The treatment on geophysics covers what was omitted from the fourth chapter, namely, seismology, well logging, topographic feature analysis and the analysis of climatic data. The text concludes with an assortment of other application areas which could only be mentioned in passing. Unlike most other publications in the subject, this book does not treat wavelet transforms in a mathematically rigorous manner but rather aims to explain the mechanics of the wavelet transform in a way that is easy to understand. Consequently, it serves as an excellent overview of the subject rather than as a reference text. Keeping the mathematics to a minimum and omitting cumbersome and detailed proofs from the text, the book is best-suited to those who are new to wavelets or who want an intuitive understanding of the subject. Such an audience may include graduate students in engineering and professionals and researchers in engineering and the applied sciences.

The Illustrated Wavelet Transform Handbook: Introductory Theory and Applications in Science, Engineering, Medicine and Finance

Fundamentals Of Neural Networks Architectures Algorithms And Applications

From the Publisher: 
This is undoubtedly the most accessible book on digital signal processing (DSP) available to the beginner. Using intuitive explanations and well-chosen examples, this book gives you the tools to develop a fundamental understanding of DSP theory. The author covers the essential mathematics by explaining the meaning and significance of the key DSP equations. Comprehensive in scope, and gentle in approach, the book will help you achieve a thorough grasp of the basics and move gradually to more sophisticated DSP concepts and applications.

数字信号处理 = Understanding digital signal processing

Efficient solution for frequency band decomposition problem using wavelet packet in HRV

A one-dimensional multi-layer model is presented to characterize skin temperature rises and burn processes resulting from skin exposure to microwaves. Temperature variations and damage function analyses in the skin tissue exposed to microwaves were predicted depending on blood perfusion rate, thermal conductivity, power density, and exposure time. Thermal wave model was applied and the bio-heat transfer equation was solved using the finite difference time domain method. The thermal wave model of bio-heat transfer predicts a lower temperature rise than a model that uses Pennes’ equation. When approaching steady state, the solutions overlaps with that obtained using the Pennes’ equation. The results obtained may help to analyze the consequences of short-time high-power MW exposures in biological tissues.

Temperature and burn injury prediction of human skin exposed to microwaves: a model analysis

The impact of feature extraction for the classification of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among neurodegenerative diseases and healthy subjects

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is an efficient tool for assessment of Sympathovagal Balance (SB) and classification of cardiac disturbances. However, its index may be not enough for classification and evaluation of some disease. This study presents 32 new sub-bands over LF and HF base-bands that are accepted in the literature. Moreover, it determines dominant sub-bands over both base-bands in VTA database. These sub-bands are obtained using Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) and evaluated using Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks (MLPNN). Results are compared with obtained results from normal datasets. The domination effects of these sub-bands are assessed according to comparison of each other related to MLPNN training and test accuracy percentages by selecting different width of windows. As a result, obtained results showed that the LF zone including LF1, LF2 and LF3 sub-bands on 0.0390625-0.0859375Hz frequency range is the most dominant over the LF base-band and, the HF zone including HF1, HF2 and HF3 on 0.1953125-0.28125Hz frequency range is the most dominant over the HF base-band. In normal datasets, distinctive domination effect has not been determined.

Süleyman Bilgin

Papers

Efficient solution for frequency band decomposition problem using wavelet packet in HRV

Temperature and burn injury prediction of human skin exposed to microwaves: a model analysis

The impact of feature extraction for the classification of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among neurodegenerative diseases and healthy subjects

Estimation and evaluation of sub-bands on LF and HF base-bands in HRV for Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia patients

Physiological parameters as a tool in the diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome in females: A preliminary study