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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

The diffraction tomography theorem is adapted to one-dimensional length measurement. The resulting spectral interferometry technique is described and the first length measurements using this technique on a model eye and on a human eye in vivo are presented.

Measurement of intraocular distances by backscattering spectral interferometry

Varifocal lenses, conventionally implemented by changing the axial distance between multiple optical elements, have a wide range of applications in imaging and optical beam scanning. The use of conventional bulky refractive elements makes these varifocal lenses large, slow, and limits their tunability. Metasurfaces, a new category of lithographically defined diffractive devices, enable thin and lightweight optical elements with precisely engineered phase profiles. Here we demonstrate tunable metasurface doublets, based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), with more than 60 diopters (about 4%) change in the optical power upon a 1-μm movement of one metasurface, and a scanning frequency that can potentially reach a few kHz. They can also be integrated with a third metasurface to make compact microscopes (~1 mm thick) with a large corrected field of view (~500 μm or 40 degrees) and fast axial scanning for 3D imaging. This paves the way towards MEMS-integrated metasurfaces as a platform for tunable and reconfigurable optics.

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MEMS-tunable dielectric metasurface lens.

We report a new type of phononic crystals with topologically nontrivial band gaps for both longitudinal and transverse polarizations, resulting in protected one-way elastic edge waves. In our design, gyroscopic inertial effects are used to break the time-reversal symmetry and realize the phononic analogue of the electronic quantum (anomalous) Hall effect. We investigate the response of both hexagonal and square gyroscopic lattices and observe bulk Chern numbers of 1 and 2, indicating that these structures support single and multimode edge elastic waves immune to backscattering. These robust one-way phononic waveguides could potentially lead to the design of a novel class of surface wave devices that are widely used in electronics, telecommunication, and acoustic imaging.

Topological Phononic Crystals with One-Way Elastic Edge Waves

Chip-scale atomic devices combine elements of precision atomic spectroscopy, silicon micromachining, and advanced diode laser technology to create compact, low-power, and manufacturable instruments with high precision and stability. Microfabricated alkali vapor cells are at the heart of most of these technologies, and the fabrication of these cells is discussed in detail. We review the design, fabrication, and performance of chip-scale atomic clocks, magnetometers, and gyroscopes and discuss many applications in which these novel instruments are being used. Finally, we present prospects for future generations of miniaturized devices, such as photonically integrated systems and manufacturable devices, which may enable embedded absolute measurement of a broad range of physical quantities.

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Chip-scale atomic devices

This work presents the development of an integrated micro-optical beam splitter that can be arranged in array, and based on saw-dicing of glass substrates. The latter allows a rapid and rather low-cost processing, and in addition leads to high compactness and possibility of wafer level alignments, suitable for vertically integrated imaging microinstruments. The device allowing additional out-of plane reflection for extraction of sensing beam can be as small as 1mm3.

Wafer-level fabricated micro beam splitter based on 45-degree saw dicing of glass substrate

This paper presents an overview of technologies of MEMS Cs microcells for CPT-based atomic clocks, obtained in FEMTO-ST Institute over the last decade. We discuss the challenges in microfabrication of miniature cells: the different configurations of cells, two methods for filling alkali vapor cells with Cs from a dispenser pill and from the dispensing paste, and a study on the permeability of our microcells to the buffer gas limiting the sealing performances. Finally, we report on the aging tests and resulting short-term and long-term clock stability measurements.

Sylwester Bargiel

Papers

Wafer-level fabricated micro beam splitter based on 45-degree saw dicing of glass substrate

Advanced microfabrication technologies for miniature caesium vapor cells for atomic clocks