There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

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Principles Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

In this chapter, we will restrict our attention to the ferrites and a few other closely related materials. The great interest in ferrites stems from their unique combination of a spontaneous magnetization and a high electrical resistivity. The observed magnetization results from the difference in the magnetizations of two non-equivalent sub-lattices of the magnetic ions in the crystal structure. Materials of this type should strictly be designated as “ferrimagnetic” and in some respects are more closely related to anti-ferromagnetic substances than they are to ferromagnetics in which the magnetization results from the parallel alignment of all the magnetic moments present. We shall not adhere to this special nomenclature except to emphasize effects, which are due to the existence of the sub-lattices.

Ferromagnetic materials

Fouling by sulfate ion contamination constitutes a serious problem in the wastewater treatment industry. In this study, we synthesized polymer-assisted metallic nanomaterial and evaluated its adsorption capacity for the removal of sulfate ions from model contaminated water. The surface structural morphology, chemical, elemental, and mineralogical features, as well as functional group interaction of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) with the AlNiMn nanomaterial, were ascertained with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray dispersive (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). The batch adsorption experiments were carried out to determine the effects of solution pH, agitation speed, the adsorbent dosage, and contact time for the removal of sulfate ions from the synthesized contaminated water using the novel PVP-assisted AlNiMn nanocomposite. The results from experiments showed that the novel polymer assisted nanocomposite adsorbed over 3000 mg/L sulfate ions from the model wastewater with an initial concentration of 5000 mg/L at optimal treatment conditions (of 150 rpm, pH 6, and 60 min contact time). The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models were plotted to explain the adsorption isotherm equilibrium. The isotherm models suggest the sulfate adsorption followed the physical sorption mechanism. The experimental results had good fits (R2 ≥ 99.5%) with both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. The polymer-stabilized metallic nanocomposite was proven to have an impressive adsorption capacity for sulfate ions in sulfate-rich wastewaters compared to other previously reported studies. This makes the PVP-AlNiMn nanocomposite to be potentially useful for the pre-treatment of sulfate-rich wastewaters.

Synthesis of a Novel Polymer-Assisted AlNiMn Nanomaterial for Efficient Removal of Sulfate Ions from Contaminated Water

Synthesis of vinyl trimethyl silane and acrylic acid modified silica nanoparticles as corrosion inhibition protocols in saline medium

Finding reliable water sources is essential for ensuring the sustainability of human society in the near future. More importantly, to maintain the high technology development trend, producing efficient sources is indispensable. Nanomaterial-polymer membranes are typical materials for water and wastewater purification. In purification units, these nanostructured materials have demonstrated their promising prospect in enhancing efficiency because of their outstanding physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. These properties are encouraging and facilitate a wide range of applications in water-related disciplines. Nanomaterial-polymer membranes can be used in currently conventional technologies to remove impurities from water, including filtration, reverse osmosis, adsorption, and ion exchange. In addition, they can be used in the desalination process to remove salts to obtain fresh water.

Application of Nanomaterial-Polymer Membranes for Water and Wastewater Purification

In this study, copula analysis was used to eventually fill the void of the negligence of interdependence of two climate variables (temperature and precipitation). Copulas are powerful tools to model the joint distribution of two or more variables simultaneously by preserving their dependence structure. The data for monthly average temperature °C and precipitation (mm) were collected. The analyzed results indicated that a weak positive 0.233 but highly significant (0.000) correlation existed between the variables. It was also found that every 1 °C increased in temperature was associated with a 0.684 mm increase in precipitation. A scattered plot indicates a non-linear dependence structure between the variables. Generalized Pareto (GP) and Exponential distributions were selected as variables distributions for temperature and precipitation, respectively. Two Elliptical (Gaussian, Student’s t) and three Archimedean (Gumbel, Clayton, and Frank) copulas were applied to evaluate the nature of interdependence between the variables. Based on different information criteria, the Gumbel copula was identified as the best-fitted copula. The selected copula showed that extreme positive temperature and precipitation had a higher correlation (right tail dependence) as compared to their lower values. Conclusively, copula was found to be a very effective tool for bivariate modeling of drought and flood risks i.e., extreme temperature and precipitation.

Tawfik A. Saleh

Papers

Synthesis of a Novel Polymer-Assisted AlNiMn Nanomaterial for Efficient Removal of Sulfate Ions from Contaminated Water

Synthesis of vinyl trimethyl silane and acrylic acid modified silica nanoparticles as corrosion inhibition protocols in saline medium

Application of Nanomaterial-Polymer Membranes for Water and Wastewater Purification

Interdependence between temperature and precipitation: modeling using copula method toward climate protection

Cement-based batteries design and performance. A review