Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

Statistics for Spatial Data.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00457602/document

A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests

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Modern Applied Statistics With S

The terrestrial carbon sink has been large in recent decades, but its size and location remain uncertain. Using forest inventory data and long-term ecosystem carbon studies, we estimate a total forest sink of 2.4 ± 0.4 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year–1) globally for 1990 to 2007. We also estimate a source of 1.3 ± 0.7 Pg C year–1 from tropical land-use change, consisting of a gross tropical deforestation emission of 2.9 ± 0.5 Pg C year–1 partially compensated by a carbon sink in tropical forest regrowth of 1.6 ± 0.5 Pg C year–1. Together, the fluxes comprise a net global forest sink of 1.1 ± 0.8 Pg C year–1, with tropical estimates having the largest uncertainties. Our total forest sink estimate is equivalent in magnitude to the terrestrial sink deduced from fossil fuel emissions and land-use change sources minus ocean and atmospheric sinks.

/pdf/a-large-and-persistent-carbon-sink-in-the-world-s-forests-2rgrfjaqnh.pdf

A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World’s Forests

In this chapter, we review and compare North and South American temperate rainforests in terms of patterns of forest dynamics and natural disturbance, stand responses to disturbances, human modifications of disturbance regimes, and the effects of recent climate variation on forest dynamics. Contemporary ecologists view vegetation change as the outcome of interacting populations constrained by fluctuating environmental conditions (Glenn-Lewin, Peet, & Veblen, 1992; Pickett, Collins, & Armesto, 1987). Disturbance accounts for much of the environmental heterogeneity in time and space. Substantial research is now devoted to characterizing, qualitatively as well as quantitatively, the spatial and temporal characteristics of disturbances, or “disturbance regimes,” that are relevant to a particular population or community (Pickett & White, 1985).

A Comparative Review of Forest Dynamics and Disturbance in the Temperate Rainforests of North and South America

[1] Under the current global warming trend, wildfire activity is expected to decrease in biomass-limited fire regimes but increase in drought-limited fire regimes with abundant biomass. We examined the effects of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) on interannual variability in wildfire activity in xeric woodland and temperate rainforest ecosystems across a latitudinal range of 10° in temperate southwestern South America (SSA). Based on 42 fire history sites based on nearly 600 fire-scarred trees (the largest available dataset of annually resolved tree-ring records of fire activity in the Southern Hemisphere), we show that years of widespread fire in both xeric woodland and rainforest ecosystems are associated with positive departures of SAM. The association of positive SAM with increased fire activity is explained by the teleconnection of SAM to spring drought across most of SSA. During the late 20th century, only the rainforest ecosystem shows a strong increase in fire activity, which is consistent both with upward trends in SAM and with warming conditions. We attribute the lack of increased burning in the xeric woodland environment to socioeconomic factors and fire behavior (low severity) that facilitate more effective fire suppression in the xeric woodland habitat. Given projected future increases in SAM and the associated warm-dry trend, wildfire activity in much of SSA is likely to increase during the 21st century.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2011GL047674

Variability in the Southern Annular Mode determines wildfire activity in Patagonia

Climate change may inhibit tree regeneration following disturbances such as wildfire, altering post-disturbance vegetation trajectories. We implemented a field experiment to examine the effects of ...

A field experiment informs expected patterns of conifer regeneration after disturbance under changing climate conditions

Question: The aim of the present study is to examine how a rare flowering and massive die-off event of a dominant understorey bamboo affected tree regeneration processes in a subalpine Nothofagus forest. In particular, we assess the effects of the die-off event on tree seedling demography (establishment and survival) and on the height growth of previously established juveniles, and we determine how these effects vary in relation to stand age and canopy conditions. Location: Carirrine Pass and Choshuenco Volcano at 1200 m a.s.l. in a mixed subalpine temperate forest in northern Patagonia (40°S, 71°W), spanning the Chilean and Argentinian border. Methods: Regeneration processes in Nothofagus pumilio and N. dombeyi were examined under different canopy conditions (closed or gap), in both young and old stands, and in patches of flowered and non-flowered Chusquea bamboo during the first three growing seasons following the simultaneous flowering and die-off of Chusquea montana f. montana in November–Dec...

/pdf/tree-regeneration-responses-to-chusquea-montana-bamboo-die-2pwkivdhha.pdf

Thomas T. Veblen

Papers

A Comparative Review of Forest Dynamics and Disturbance in the Temperate Rainforests of North and South America

Variability in the Southern Annular Mode determines wildfire activity in Patagonia

A field experiment informs expected patterns of conifer regeneration after disturbance under changing climate conditions

Tree regeneration responses to Chusquea montana bamboo die-off in a subalpine Nothofagus forest in the southern Andes

Cattle affect early post-fire regeneration in a Nothofagus dombeyi–Austrocedrus chilensis mixed forest in northern Patagonia, Argentina