(1992) Design Experiments: Theoretical and Methodological Challenges in Creating Complex Interventions in Classroom Settings Journal of the Learning Sciences: Vol 2, No 2, pp 141-178

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Design Experiments: Theoretical and Methodological Challenges in Creating Complex Interventions in Classroom Settings

正しい方法がわかる臨床基本手技 : from the New England journal of medicine

Review: Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization

How does the Internet affect social capital? Do the communication possibilities of the Internet increase, decrease, or supplement interpersonal contact, participation, and community commitment? This evidence comes from a 1998 survey of 39,211 visitors to the National Geographic Society Web site, one of the first large-scale Web surveys. The authors find that people's interaction online supplements their face-to-face and telephone communication without increasing or decreasing it. However, heavy Internet use is associated with increased participation in voluntary organizations and politics. Further support for this effect is the positive association between offline and online participation in voluntary organizations and politics. However, the effects of the Internet are not only positive: The heaviest users of the Internet are the least committed to online community. Taken together, this evidence suggests that the Internet is becoming normalized as it is incorporated into the routine practices of everyday ...

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Does the Internet Increase, Decrease, or Supplement Social Capital? : Social Networks, Participation, and Community Commitment

Global virtual teams are internationally distributed groups of people with an organizational mandate to make or implement decisions with international components and implications. They are typically assigned tasks that are strategically important and highly complex. They rarely meet in person, conducting almost all of their interaction and decision making using communications technology. Although they play an increasingly important role in multinational organizations, little systematic is known about their dynamics or effectiveness. This study built a grounded theory of global virtual team processes and performance over time. We built a template based on Adaptive Structuration Theory (DeSanctis and Poole 1994) to guide our research, and we conducted a case study, observing three global virtual teams over a period of 21 months. Data were gathered using multiple methods, and qualitative methods were used to analyze them and generate a theory of global virtual team dynamics and effectiveness. First, we propose that effective global virtual team interaction comprises a series of communication incidents, each configured by aspects of the team's structural and process elements. Effective outcomes were associated with a fit among an interaction incident's form, decision process, and complexity. Second, effective global virtual teams sequence these incidents to generate a deep rhythm of regular face-to-face incidents interspersed with less intensive, shorter incidents using various media. These two insights are discussed with respect to other literature and are elaborated upon in several propositions. Implications for research and practice are also outlined.

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Bridging Space Over Time: Global Virtual Team Dynamics and Effectiveness

We designed an ecology of auditory icons which worked together to convey information about a complex, demanding simulation task, and observed users collaborating on it with and without sound. Our
observations suggest that audio cues can provide useful information about processes and problems, and support the perceptual integration of a number of separate processes into one complex one. In addition, they can smooth the transition between division of labour and collaboration by
providing a new dimension of reference. These results suggest that auditory icons can play a significant role in future multiprocessing and collaborative systems.

Effective sounds in complex systems: the ARKOLA simulation

Simplicity and visibility are two important characteristics of programming languages for novices. Novices start programming with very little idea of the properties of the notional machine implied by the language they are learning. To help them learn these properties, the notional machine should be simple. That is, it should consist of a small number of parts that interact in ways that can be easily understood, possibly by analogy to other mechanisms with which the novice is more familiar. A notional machine is the idealized model of the computer implied by the constructs of the programming language. Visibility is concerned with methods for viewing selected parts and processes of this notional machine in action. We introduce the term “commentary” which is the system's dynamic characterization of the notional machine, expressed in either text or pictures on the user's terminal. We examine the simplicity and visibility of three systems, each designed to provide programming experience to different populations of novices.

The black box inside the glass box

'Flaming' in computer-mediated communication: Observations, explanations, implications.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1207/s15516709cog0502_3

Errors in Children's Subtraction

This book is based on the workshop that kickstarted the NATO Science Committee Special Programme on Advanced Educational Technology. The book covers all the major themes in the area ranging from fundamental theoreticalwork to empirical studies of state-of-the-art technological innovations. Topics covered include: instructional systems and instructional theory, a design science of education, task-specific theories of learning, computers in teaching and learning, new directions in educational technology, the coevolution of technology and the educational environment, intelligent tutoring systems that teach knowledge rather than skills, hypertext for learning, technology for distance education, tools for scientific thinking, constructing student knowledge in science, technology in the context of the English school system, research in advanced educational technology, tutors for programming,problem solving and explanation in intelligent tutoring systems, mental models and understanding, and a Microworld-based approach to science education.

Tim O'Shea

Papers

Effective sounds in complex systems: the ARKOLA simulation

The black box inside the glass box

'Flaming' in computer-mediated communication: Observations, explanations, implications.

Errors in Children's Subtraction

New Directions in Educational Technology