Tu A. Nguyen

TL;DR: A brief history of grid-scale energy storage, an overview of EMS architectures, and a summary of the leading applications for storage serve as a foundation for a discussion of EMS optimization methods and design.

TL;DR: In this paper, a battery operation cost model is proposed which considers a battery as an equivalent fuel-run generator to enable it to be incorporated into a unit commitment problem, and a probabilistic constrained approach is used to incorporate the uncertainties of the renewable sources and load demands into the unit commitment and economic dispatch problems.

TL;DR: In this article, an analytical method to determine the optimal ratings of vanadium redox battery energy storage based on an optimal scheduling analysis and cost-benefit analysis for microgrid applications is presented.

TL;DR: The importance of model selection to optimal control is demonstrated by providing several example controller designs and identifying six gaps: deficiency of real-world data in control literature, lack of understanding in how to balance modeling detail with the number of representative cells, underdeveloped model uncertainty based risk-averse and robust control of BESS, underdevelopment of nonlinear energy based SoC models, and deficiency of knowledge in what combination of empirical degradation stress factors is most accurate.

TL;DR: A reduced order circuit model of the vanadium redox flow battery is developed and its experimental performance efficiency during deployment is analyzed to address the implementation issues of the VRB application in a photovoltaic-based microgrid system.