There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

http://sistemas.eel.usp.br/docentes/arquivos/2166002/1234Nb/Geetha-review2009.pdf

Ti based biomaterials, the ultimate choice for orthopaedic implants – A review

There is a special reason for reviewing this book at this time: it is the 50th edition of a compendium that is known and used frequently in most chemical and physical laboratories in many parts of the world. Surely, a publication that has been published for 56 years, withstanding the vagaries of science in this century, must have had something to offer. There is another reason: while the book is a standard fixture in most chemical and physical laboratories, including those in medical centers, it is not as frequently seen in the laboratories of physician's offices (those either in solo or group practice). I believe that the Handbook can be useful in those laboratories. One of the reasons, among others, is that the various basic items of information it offers may be helpful in new tests, either physical or chemical, which are continuously being published. The basic information may relate

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics

The science and technology of ultracapacitors are reviewed for a number of electrode materials, including carbon, mixed metal oxides, and conducting polymers. More work has been done using microporous carbons than with the other materials and most of the commercially available devices use carbon electrodes and an organic electrolytes. The energy density of these devices is 3¯5 Wh/kg with a power density of 300¯500 W/kg for high efficiency (90¯95%) charge/discharges. Projections of future developments using carbon indicate that energy densities of 10 Wh/kg or higher are likely with power densities of 1¯2 kW/kg. A key problem in the fabrication of these advanced devices is the bonding of the thin electrodes to a current collector such the contact resistance is less than 0.1 cm2. Special attention is given in the paper to comparing the power density characteristics of ultracapacitors and batteries. The comparisons should be made at the same charge/discharge efficiency.

Ultracapacitors: Why, How, and Where is the Technology

This article presents an overview of the developments in stainless steels made since the 1990s. Some of the new applications that involve the use of stainless steel are also introduced. A brief introduction to the various classes of stainless steels, their precipitate phases and the status quo of their production around the globe is given first. The advances in a variety of subject areas that have been made recently will then be presented. These recent advances include (1) new findings on the various precipitate phases (the new J phase, new orientation relationships, new phase diagram for the Fe–Cr system, etc.); (2) new suggestions for the prevention/mitigation of the different problems and new methods for their detection/measurement and (3) new techniques for surface/bulk property enhancement (such as laser shot peening, grain boundary engineering and grain refinement). Recent developments in topics like phase prediction, stacking fault energy, superplasticity, metadynamic recrystallisation and the calculation of mechanical properties are introduced, too. In the end of this article, several new applications that involve the use of stainless steels are presented. Some of these are the use of austenitic stainless steels for signature authentication (magnetic recording), the utilisation of the cryogenic magnetic transition of the sigma phase for hot spot detection (the Sigmaplugs), the new Pt-enhanced radiopaque stainless steel (PERSS) coronary stents and stainless steel stents that may be used for magnetic drug targeting. Besides recent developments in conventional stainless steels, those in the high-nitrogen, low-Ni (or Ni-free) varieties are also introduced. These recent developments include new methods for attaining very high nitrogen contents, new guidelines for alloy design, the merits/demerits associated with high nitrogen contents, etc.

Recent developments in stainless steels

The corrosion performance of plasma sprayed alumina–40[Formula: see text]wt.% titania (A40T) coated high-density graphite was investigated in molten LiCl–KCl eutectic salt at [Formula: see text]C for periods of 500, 1000, and 2000[Formula: see text]h under argon atmosphere. The microstructural and compositional investigations of corrosion-tested A40T coatings by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that the samples exhibited better corrosion resistance up to 500[Formula: see text]h. The poor corrosion behavior and failure of A40T coating from graphite substrate in the long-term (1000 and 2000[Formula: see text]h) immersion was discussed in detail based on the microstructure and composition analysis. The phases existing in the as-sprayed coating ([Formula: see text]-Al 2 TiO 5 , [Formula: see text]-Al 2 O 3 , R-TiO 2 , and [Formula: see text]-Al 2 O 3 ) remained in the detached coating after 1000[Formula: see text]h exposure to the molten salt. The reaction between molten salt and A40T coating was not evident from XRD analysis. A40T coatings with chromium carbide–nichrome (Cr 3 C 2 –NiCr) bond coat showed complete spallation of the top coating and oxidation of the bond coat as evident from the X-ray diffraction analysis. Detachment of the A40T coating occurred due to the penetration of the molten salt into the coating through the voids and pores present on the surface, which weakened the adhesion strength between the substrate and the A40T coating or top coat-bond coat interfaces. 

Corrosion performance of plasma sprayed alumina-40 wt% titania coated high-density graphite in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic salt

Critical components in reprocessing plants like continuous dissolver and centrifugal extractor demand austenitic stainless steels (SS) with good corrosion resistance coupled with high wear resistance in nitric acid medium. High nitrogen containing, impurity controlled, and vanadium-added 304LN1 (0.132% N), 304LN2 (0.193% N), and 304LN3 (0.406% N) SS with improved hardness were developed and corrosion studies were performed as per ASTM A262 Practice-A & C test and double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation test. The 304LN stainless steels were evaluated in forged, hot rolled, and hot rolled + heat treated conditions (948 K: 1, 10, 25, 50, 100, 260 h; 1,223 K: 1 h; 1,323 K: 1 h; and 1,473 K: 1 h). The study revealed good corrosion resistance for 304LN1 and 304LN2 SS as per ASTM A262 Practice-C test in sensitized condition (948 K/1 h). The degree of sensitization (DOS) and corrosion rates of high nitrogen 304L SS increased during sensitization heat treatment (948 K) done up to a certain aging d...

Effect of Nitrogen Addition on the Intergranular Corrosion of 304L Stainless Steel in Nitric Acid Medium

Nanotechnology in Energy Technology

Corrosion: An Overview of Types, Mechanism, and Requisites of Evaluation

N,N,N′,N′-Tetraoctyl-3-oxapentanediamide (TODGA) is a versatile extractant for partitioning of fission products from highly active raffinate wastes. Its PVT properties are not available in literature. In this work, PVT properties of TODGA, estimated using group contribution method, are reported. A corresponding-states based equation as well as Wagner constants were also reported in the range of 273.15 K to critical temperature.

U. Kamachi Mudali

Papers

Corrosion performance of plasma sprayed alumina-40 wt% titania coated high-density graphite in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic salt

Effect of Nitrogen Addition on the Intergranular Corrosion of 304L Stainless Steel in Nitric Acid Medium

Nanotechnology in Energy Technology

Corrosion: An Overview of Types, Mechanism, and Requisites of Evaluation

PVT properties of N , N , N ′, N ′-Tetraoctyl-3-oxapentanediamide (TODGA)