Anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous fruit shell extract of Tamarindus indica on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line

The cornerstone of nanoscience and nanotechnology are nanoparticles which have immense power and functional ability in diverse fields. Nanoparticles are synthesized by physical, chemical methos but limitations are due to its toxicity. We have discussed few green synthesis routes which are eco friendly and less toxic methods, including alage, microorganisms, plants etc.. Expoiting the potential of medicinal plants, is one of the green synthesis routes and is significant because the current therapeutic approaches have toxicity problems and microbial multidrug resistance issues. As the metal nanoparticles have received great attention across the globe, so in this study we have discussed and focused many different metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis using medicinal plants. We have also discussed the types, size and medicinal properties like antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiviral activities of nanoparticles. The biomolecules, secondary metabolites and coenzymes present in the plants help in easy reduction of metal ions to nanoparticles. Such nanoparticles are considered as potential antioxidants and promising candidates in cancer treatment. The simplified model summarises the green synthesis, its characterization using physicochemical means and their biomedical applications. Succinctly, we have discussed the recent advances in green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, milestones, therapeutic applications and future perspectives of biosynthesized nanoparticles from some important medicinal plants.

Medicinal plants: Treasure trove for green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their biomedical applications

Selenium (Se) acts as an essential trace element in the human body due to its unique biological functions, particularly in the oxidation-reduction system. Although several clinical trials indicated no significant benefit of Se in preventing cancer, researchers reported that some Se species exhibit superior anticancer properties. Therefore, a reassessment of the status of Se and Se compounds is necessary in order to provide clearer insights into the potentiality of Se in cancer prevention and therapy. In this review, we organize relevant forms of Se species based on the three main categories of Se—inorganic, organic, and Se-containing nanoparticles (SeNPs)—and overview their potential functions and applications in oncology. Here, we specifically focus on the SeNPs as they have tremendous potential in oncology and other fields. In general, to make better use of Se compounds in cancer prevention and therapy, extensive further study is still required to understand the underlying mechanisms of the Se compounds.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/1/75/pdf

Selenium Species: Current Status and Potentials in Cancer Prevention and Therapy.

Selenium (Se) is an essential element to human health that can be obtained in nature through several sources. In the human body, it is incorporated into selenocysteine, an amino acid used to synthesize several selenoproteins, which have an active center usually dependent on the presence of Se. Although Se shows several beneficial properties in human health, it has also a narrow therapeutic window, and therefore the excessive intake of inorganic and organic Se-based compounds often leads to toxicity. Nanoparticles based on Se (SeNPs) are less toxic than inorganic and organic Se. They are both biocompatible and capable of effectively delivering combinations of payloads to specific cells following their functionalization with active targeting ligands. Herein, the main origin of Se intake, its role on the human body, and its primary biomedical applications are revised. Particular focus will be given to the main therapeutic targets that are explored for SeNPs in cancer therapies, discussing the different functionalization methodologies used to improve SeNPs stability, while enabling the extensive delivery of drug-loaded SeNP to tumor sites, thus avoiding off-target effects.

Selenium Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: From Development and Characterization to Therapeutics.

(1) Background: In this review, we provide information published in recent years on the chemical forms, main biological functions and especially on antioxidant and prooxidant activities of selenium. The main focus is put on the impact of selenoproteins on maintaining cellular redox balance and anticancerogenic function. Moreover, we summarize data on chemotherapeutic application of redox active selenium compounds. (2) Methods: In the first section, main aspects of metabolism and redox activity of selenium compounds is reviewed. The second outlines multiple biological functions, asserted when selenium is incorporated into the structure of selenoproteins. The final section focuses on anticancer activity of selenium and chemotherapeutic application of redox active selenium compounds as well. (3) Results: optimal dietary level of selenium ensures its proper antioxidant and anticancer activity. We pay special attention to antioxidant activities of selenium compounds, especially selenoproteins, and their importance in antioxidant defence. It is worth noting, that data on selenium anticancer properties is still contraversive. Moreover, selenium compounds as chemotherapeutic agents usually are used at supranutritional doses. (4) Conclusions: Selenium play a vital role for many organism systems due to its incorporation into selenoproteins structure. Selenium possesses antioxidant activity at optimal doses, while at supranutritional doses, it displays prooxidant activity. Redox active selenium compounds can be used for cancer treatment; recently special attention is put to selenium containing nanoparticles.

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Selenium Anticancer Properties and Impact on Cellular Redox Status

Selenium nanoparticles: A potent chemotherapeutic agent and an elucidation of its mechanism B Biointerfaces

Selenium nanoparticles: A potent chemotherapeutic agent and an elucidation of its mechanism.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to synthesize silver nanoparticles using the algal extract of Padina tetrastromatica and evaluate its antifungal activity against pathogenic fungus isolated from clinical samples. R esults: Formation of brown color at 15 minutes indicates the production of silver nanoparticles by the extract of brown algae P. tetrastromatica. Surface plasmon resonance band was centered at 440 nm which was observed by UV-vis spectrophotometer. SEM image revealed spherical and cubical nanoparticles with high agglomeration, and energy-dispersive X-ray illustrates elemental components of silver formed at 3 keV. TEM shows spherical, truncated, and ellipsoidal nanoparticles and also it evidences the algae compounds that are capped with nanoparticles. SAED pattern proved four diffraction face-centered cubic rings at (111), (200), (220), and (311) which indicates the crystalline nature of nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles show high inhibition activity against Fusarium sp, Aspergillus niger , Candida albicans , Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus flavus at different concentrations. P. tetrastromatica -mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles shows rapid and eco-friendly silver ion reduction process. Methods: Dried algal biomass was used to prepare the pure algal extract and added with 1 mM AgNO , and the color change was noted and recorded by ultraviolet (UV)-vis spectrophotometer. The morphological characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Crystalline structure was analyzed by SAED pattern. Antifungal activity was performed by agar well diffusion method against various pathogenic fungi. C onclusion: Therefore, this present study elucidates that algae-mediated synthesized silver nanoparticles have antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi, so it can be developed as a novel medicine for human welfare in biomedical applications in the near future. Ke ywords: P adina tetrastromatica , Silver nanoparticles, Transmission electron microscopy, Antifungal activity, Green synthesis.

/pdf/synthesis-and-characterization-of-silver-nanoparticles-from-apvw5qpzg1.pdf

Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from marine brown seaweed and its antifungal efficiency against clinical fungal pathogens

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles using microorganism is widely used in biological applications due to its eco-friendly nature and lower cost. The present study aimed to investigate the yeast, Candida albicans for the synthesis of nano cadmium sulfide is a semiconductor nanoparticle. The yeast synthesized nanoparticles tested for its spectroscopic and microscopic characters. The peak at 420 nm identified by UV-Vis spectrophotometer confirms the Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles synthesis preliminarily. Further, the nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction assay, scanning electron microscope, and elemental dispersive analysis. Finally, the synthesized Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles were tested for its antibacterial activity against disease-causing pathogens such as Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. The maximum zone of inhibition shows 15mm at the concentration of 100µl of CdS nanoparticle. Thus a promising antibacterial activity of yeast mediated synthesized Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles was described.

https://pharmascope.org/index.php/ijrps/article/download/262/471

Preparation of yeast mediated semiconductor nanoparticles by Candida albicans and its bactericidal potential against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus

Objective: The main aim of the study was to screen, optimize and partial purification of protease from fungi. The isolated fungi were screened for protease activity on a modified SDA plate and subjected to media optimization. Comparative study of free and immobilized cells was done. Methods: A partial sequencing of the fungi was done. The process parameters were examined by the classical method and Plackett Burman method, including carbon, nitrogen sources, pH, temperature, agitation and inoculum size were optimized. The enzyme was subjected to step by step purification process by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Results: The total protein concentration was determined and the specific activity was also performed by casein hydrolysis assay. The Plackett-Burman method shows fructose, peptone pH are significant factors for optimized protease production. Immobilized cell shows reduction in protease production. In optimum conditions the protease produced was 4758.4U/mg. Protease was partially purified at 60% ammonium sulfate saturation. Conclusion: Trichosporon japonicum VITVK1 estimated as a strong candidate for the production of Protease.

Screening, MeSCREENING, MEDIA OPTIMIZATION AND PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF PROTEASE BY TRICHOSPORON JAPONICUM VITVK1dia Optimization and Partial Purification of Protease by Trichosporon japonicum VITVK1

Venkat Kumar S

Papers

Selenium nanoparticles: A potent chemotherapeutic agent and an elucidation of its mechanism B Biointerfaces

Selenium nanoparticles: A potent chemotherapeutic agent and an elucidation of its mechanism.

Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from marine brown seaweed and its antifungal efficiency against clinical fungal pathogens

Preparation of yeast mediated semiconductor nanoparticles by Candida albicans and its bactericidal potential against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus

Screening, MeSCREENING, MEDIA OPTIMIZATION AND PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF PROTEASE BY TRICHOSPORON JAPONICUM VITVK1dia Optimization and Partial Purification of Protease by Trichosporon japonicum VITVK1