Recent startling interest for lanthanide luminescence is stimulated by the continuously expanding need for luminescent materials meeting the stringent requirements of telecommunication, lighting, electroluminescent devices, (bio-)analytical sensors and bio-imaging set-ups. This critical review describes the latest developments in (i) the sensitization of near-infrared luminescence, (ii) “soft” luminescent materials (liquid crystals, ionic liquids, ionogels), (iii) electroluminescent materials for organic light emitting diodes, with emphasis on white light generation, and (iv) applications in luminescent bio-sensing and bio-imaging based on time-resolved detection and multiphoton excitation (500 references).

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Lanthanide luminescence for functional materials and bio-sciences

A review was presented to demonstrate a historical description of the synthesis of light-emitting conjugated polymers for applications in electroluminescent devices. Electroluminescence (EL) was first reported in poly(para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) in 1990 and researchers continued to make significant efforts to develop conjugated materials as the active units in light-emitting devices (LED) to be used in display applications. Conjugated oligomers were used as luminescent materials and as models for conjugated polymers in the review. Oligomers were used to demonstrate a structure and property relationship to determine a key polymer property or to demonstrate a technique that was to be applied to polymers. The review focused on demonstrating the way polymer structures were made and the way their properties were controlled by intelligent and rational and synthetic design.

Synthesis of Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers for Applications in Electroluminescent Devices

The present invention provides a heterocyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound. The organic light-emitting devices using the heterocyclic compounds have high-efficiency, low driving voltage, high luminance and long lifespan.

Organic light-emitting device

Electroluminescent devices based on organic materials are of considerable interest owing to their attractive characteristics and potential applications to flat panel displays. After a brief overview of the device construction and operating principles, a review is presented on recent progress in organic electroluminescent materials and devices. Small molecular materials are described with emphasis on their material issues pertaining to charge transport, color, and luminance efficiencies. The chemical nature of electrode/organic interfaces and its impact on device performance are then discussed. Particular attention is paid to recent advances in interface engineering that is of paramount importance to modify the chemical and electronic structure of the interface. The topics in this report also include recent development on the enhancement of electron transport capability in organic materials by doping and the increase in luminance efficiency by utilizing electrophosphorescent materials. Of particular interest for the subject of this review are device reliability and its relationship with material characteristics and interface structures. Important issues relating to display fabrication and the status of display development are briefly addressed as well.

https://ir.nctu.edu.tw:443/bitstream/11536/28337/1/000179449700001.pdf

Recent progress of molecular organic electroluminescent materials and devices

In antenna theory, antenna parameters are directly related to the wavelength lambda of incident radiation, but this scaling fails at optical frequencies where metals behave as strongly coupled plasmas. In this Letter we show that antenna designs can be transferred to the optical frequency regime by replacing lambda by a linearly scaled effective wavelength lambda(eff)=n(1)+n(2)lambda/lambda(p), with lambda(p) being the plasma wavelength and n(1), n(2) being coefficients that depend on geometry and material properties. It is assumed that the antenna is made of linear segments with radii R << lambda. Optical antennas hold great promise for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, and optical sensors.

https://www.photonics.ethz.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/FILES2SHARE/novotny07a.pdf

Effective wavelength scaling for optical antennas.

Organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) have been the subject of intense research because of their potential for flat panel display and solid state lighting applications. While small molecule OLEDs with very high efficiencies have been demonstrated, solution processable devices are more desirable for large size flat panel display and solid state applications because they are compatible with low cost, large area roll-to-roll manufacturing process. In this review paper, we will present the recent progress made in solution processable OLEDs. The paper will be divided into three parts. In the first part of the paper, we will focus on the recent development of fluorescent polymer OLEDs based on conjugated polyfluorene copolymers. Specifically, we will present results of carrier transport and injection measurements, and discuss how the charge transport and injection properties affect the device performance. In the second part of the paper, we will focus on the recent progress on phosphorescent dye-dispersed nonc...

Recent progress in solution processable organic light emitting devices

We present a highly efficient white electroluminescence device by the combination of a solution processed blue organic phosphorescence light-emitting diode with appropriate down-conversion phosphor system. The use of this down-conversion system produced an extraordinary enhancement on device performance, resulting in a white electroluminescence device with luminance efficacy of 25lm∕W at luminance efficiency reaching 39cd∕A. The extraordinary enhancement on device performance is attributed to isotropic radiation pattern of the excited phosphor particles, leading to high light extraction properties.

Highly efficient white organic light-emitting diode

The invention relates to a microfluidic device with microchannels that have separated regions which have a member of a specific binding pair member such as DNA or RNA bound to porous polymer, beads or structures fabricated into the microchannel. The microchannels of the invention are fabricated from plastic and are operatively associated with a fluid propelling component and detector.

Biochannel assay for hybridization with biomaterial

A structure based on a bipolar transport/emitting layer is proposed and implemented for making organic light-emitting diodes. Compared to the conventional heterojunction organic light-emitting diodes, more than a factor of six improvement in device reliability (a projected operating lifetime of 70 000 h) is achieved in the structure. The significant improvement in device lifetime is attributed to the elimination of the heterointerface present in the conventional devices which greatly affects the device reliability.

Organic light-emitting diodes with a bipolar transport layer

This invention relates to the detection of biomolecules. Specifically, the invention relates to electronic or electrochemical detection of biomolecules using biochip arrays. In particular, the invention provides an apparatus comprising a platform for a column-and-row addressable, high-density, enhanced-sensitivity biochip array, and methods of use thereof. The devices and methods of the invention can be used to detect molecular interactions such as nucleic acid hybridization or protein binding.

Vi-En Choong

Papers

Recent progress in solution processable organic light emitting devices

Highly efficient white organic light-emitting diode

Biochannel assay for hybridization with biomaterial

Organic light-emitting diodes with a bipolar transport layer

High density column and row addressable electrode arrays