Showing papers by "Virgínia Torres Schall published in 2009"
TL;DR: As duas estrategias do programa educativo em diabetes foram efetivas, porem a educacao em grupo apresentou melhores resultados de controle glicemico do que a individual.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of individual and group strategies in a diabetes education program. METHODS: A total of 104 type-2 diabetes outpatients enrolled in an education program of a teaching hospital in Belo Horizonte, Southeastern Brazil, were randomly selected and assigned to two different education strategies: group education (54 subjects) and individual education (50 subjects). Group education comprised three monthly sessions, which involved play and interactive dynamics. In parallel, a second group received individual education. Subjects were follow up for six months during 2006 and they were evaluated using specific questionnaires: knowledge of diabetes, psychological attitudes, change in behavior, quality of life. Clinical evaluation was performed at baseline, three and six months of intervention. RESULTS: Mean age was 60.6 years. The results of group and individual education were similar in the assessment tests of attitude, change of behavior and quality of life. A reduction in HbA1c levels was seen in both groups, but a statistically significant difference (p=0.012) was found only in the group education. CONCLUSIONS: Both strategies of diabetes education were effective, however, group education was more effective than individual education for blood glucose control.
117 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used exploratory spatial data analysis to identify the spatial dependence of adolescent pregnancy within socioeconomic aspects and social vulnerability, and found a statistically significant correlation between social vulnerability and the rate of live births for women between 12-19 and 20-29 years of age.
Abstract: Georeferencing of health data gains relevance as the analysis and assessments of risks to public health incorporate variables related to the environment and to the socioeconomic profile of the population. Early motherhood does not occur at random within the society. This study aims to identify the spatial dependence of adolescent pregnancy within socioeconomic aspects and social vulnerability. Presuming the existence of a spatial dependence between these facets, the present work used the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis. This tool is a collection of techniques which describes and visualizes spatial distributions; identifies atypical circumstances; discovers patterns of spatial association; makes clusters of similar values; and suggests spatial schemes or other forms of spatial heterogeneity. One of the results highlighted is the statistically significant correlation between social vulnerability and the rate of live births for women between 12-19 and 20-29 years of age. The study identified: (a) the presence of clusters with high proportions of teenage mothers associated with poorer socioeconomic conditions; and (b) a decrease in the proportion of teenage mothers in areas of better conditions, in which the highest number of births occurred in the 20-29 years and above 30 age groups. This study may help the organization and planning of actions and strategies in the area of sexual and reproductive health for young and adolescent audiences.
20 citations
TL;DR: The objective of this study was to promote the early diagnosis and prompt treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in municipalities located in a metropolitan region of Brazil and the fatality rate decreased in the municipalities that implemented the activities.
Abstract: The objective of this study, carried out in municipalities located in a metropolitan region of Brazil, was to promote the early diagnosis and prompt treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. In the intervention model a health professional underwent training that covered all procedures involved in assisting patients with suspected visceral leishmaniasis. The professionals then returned to their municipalities where they implemented a workplan with the following aims: (a) at least one physician able to diagnose and treat patients; (b) training of professionals for the laboratorial diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis; (c) delivery of information on visceral leishmaniasis to the health workers. The implementation process was evaluated by follow-up meetings. Attendance of health professionals at the meetings, implementation of the workplan, and the visceral leishmaniasis case fatality rate before (1998-1999) and after (2001-2002) implementation of the model were used in the analysis. Among the 36 municipalities in the region, 22 were enrolled. Eight (36.3%) guaranteed at least 50% attendance in the meetings, and 14 (63.6%) had less than 50% attendance with no activities implemented. The fatality rate decreased in the municipalities that implemented the activities.
16 citations
31 Mar 2009
TL;DR: The objective of this article is to describe the time of notification of the diagnosis of childhood cancer to the patient and family and the main difficulties faced by pediatric oncologists in the treatment of children with cancer.
Abstract: The perception and reaction of a child towards the disease are influenced by the attitude of parents which, in turn,
is determined by the doctor's attitude towards the disease and treatment. The objective of this article is to describe
the time of notification of the diagnosis of childhood cancer to the patient and family and the main difficulties
faced by pediatric oncologists in the treatment of children with cancer. As a criterion for choosing individuals for
the interviews, the oncologists had to have specialization or residency in Pediatric Oncology. 5 oncologists were
interviewed. The interviews were semi-structured and recorded with the permission of the interviewees and the
analysis of the material was made by examining issues. This analysis allowed the identification of three broad
categories in relation to time to confirm the diagnosis of childhood cancer and the difficulties encountered in the
treatment of the disease: 1) The truth must be said to both children and parents; 2) The difficulties encountered in
the organization and structure of the department of oncology; 3) The issue of humanization. The communication
of the diagnosis is a delicate instance for the patient, family and doctors. The oncologist, for his role as keeper of
knowledge, must offer parents the necessary understanding about the disease so that they can handle the disease
and treatment of the child without suffering they generate themselves. Regarding the difficulties encountered by
doctors in the treatment of cancer, the SUS have to be an accomplice in the promotion of health, prevention and
treatment of diseases.
15 citations
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the early diagnosis and prompt treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in 36 municipalities in the metropolitan region of Brazil and found that the fatality rate de-creased in the municipalities that implemented the activities.
Abstract: The objective of this study, carried out in munici-palities located in a metropolitan region of Brazil, was to promote the early diagnosis and prompt treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. In the inter-vention model a health professional underwent training that covered all procedures involved in assisting patients with suspected visceral leish-maniasis. The professionals then returned to their municipalities where they implemented a workplan with the following aims: (a) at least one physician able to diagnose and treat patients; (b) training of professionals for the laboratorial diag-nosis of visceral leishmaniasis; (c) delivery of in-formation on visceral leishmaniasis to the health workers. The implementation process was evalu-ated by follow-up meetings. Attendance of health professionals at the meetings, implementation of the workplan, and the visceral leishmaniasis case fatality rate before (1998-1999) and after (2001-2002) implementation of the model were used in the analysis. Among the 36 municipalities in the region, 22 were enrolled. Eight (36.3%) guaran-teed at least 50% attendance in the meetings, and 14 (63.6%) had less than 50% attendance with no activities implemented. The fatality rate de-creased in the municipalities that implemented the activities.Visceral Leishmaniasis; Health Services; Lethality
15 citations
9 citations
TL;DR: Uma analise inicial de materiais educativos impressos utilizados pela Secretaria Municipal de Saude (SMS) de Belo Horizonte sobre temas ligados a saude sexual e reprodutiva was realizada.
Abstract: An initial analysis of printed educational materials used by the Municipal Health Office (MHO) of Belo Horizonte (BH) on themes linked to sexual and reproductive health was carried out. Premises were that health education is a practice developed at the social relations level and that mass media and daily interaction can be a link between the population and the health services. Printed material was collected from a Basic Health Unit (BHU) of the MHO/BH and its content was classified, described and analyzed. To study the meanings that teenagers attributed to the body’s sexual and reproductive dimensions, using one of the materials, a focal group was formed. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with health professionals. It should be emphasized that the materials are produced in a vertical manner, treating the target audience as an airtight and homogenous block, with the STD/AIDS thematic prevailing. Some of the materials focusing on aids display good quality, presenting an objective and clear language and pertinent illustrations. However, in the majority, the prevailing approach is that of the biomedical body in detriment to a broader approach to sexuality. Assessments and reception studies are needed so that the production of educational material can be linked to the target audience’s existential context and that quality criteria for these materials are included in health professionals’ training.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a multimedia resource, called Answers Notebook, gives a dialogue space between adolescents, allowing anonymity in the exchange of doubts and ideas, and feeding into a database that allow teachers and professionals to know better how adolescents think.
Abstract: Sex education in schools is advised and agreed as a universal theme in the National Curriculum of the Brazilian Education Ministry. This subject is complex and the proposal expresses specific needs, such as teacher training and the support of educational materials. The Museum of Life, COC/Fiocruz, developed the multimedia resource, "Love and Sex: myths, truths and fantasies" and this study presents the results of the evaluation made by 36 high school students from public schools, in Rio de Janeiro about the multimedia resource. The evaluation identified it as an educational resource, able to promote dialogue and support the the theme sexuality in teaching situations. A multimedia resource, called Answers Notebook, gives a dialogue space between adolescents, allowing anonymity in the exchange of doubts and ideas, and feeding into a database that allow teachers and professionals to know better how adolescents think.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated how the relationship between art and science can be productive in science education, from an activity developed in "Science on Scene", a visitor area of the Museum of Life, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Abstract: This paper investigates how the relationship between art and science can be productive in science education, from an activity developed in "Science on Scene", a visitor area of the Museum of Life, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The activity consists of the presentation of the play "Lessons of Botany", by Machado de Assis, followed by debate and the playing of a CD-rom. In this paper the first semester of the 2007 season was analyzed, including 1.827 spectators. The 171 questions elaborated during the debates carried through after thirty performances, had been registered in writing and interpreted on the basis of "Content Analysis". Examination of the data stimulates the discussion about the interface between the processes of artistic creation and scientific education. This discussion is based within a Freire critical perspective of education, and is seen as a dialogic space, a place of permanent creation/recreation of life.
8 citations
TL;DR: A discurso sobre prevencao e promocao de saude-doenca, marcado por concepcoes tradicionais, is described in this article.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Analisar percepcoes e participacao de usuarias de unidade basica de saude em relacao a prevencao e promocao de saude. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLOGICOS: Estudo qualitativo no qual foram entrevistadas 20 usuarias de uma unidade de saude da familia de Belo Horizonte, MG, em 2007. O roteiro da entrevista englobou questoes sobre o processo saude-doenca e prevencao e promocao de saude. Foi utilizada a tecnica de analise de conteudo na analise dos relatos. ANALISE DOS RESULTADOS: A percepcao sobre prevencao apresentou influencia da teoria de Leavell & Clark, expressa por acoes que evitam o aparecimento, progressao ou agravamento de alguma doenca. A promocao de saude foi concebida como um nivel de prevencao e associada a responsabilizacao individual e ao conceito positivo de saude. As praticas de prevencao e promocao de saude estiveram orientadas pelo conceito positivo de saude, pela possibilidade de gerarem prazer/desprazer, pelas interferencias que poderiam ocasionar no cotidiano, pela concepcao de forca de vontade e de valor conferido a vida. CONCLUSOES: O discurso sobre prevencao e promocao de saude e marcado por concepcoes tradicionais. Contudo, houve a incorporacao do conceito positivo de saude que, aliado ao fator prazer e forca de vontade, atuam como principais influenciadores do comportamento. Sao necessarias estrategias com abordagens mais amplas sobre o processo saude-doenca, traduzindo os principios modernos da promocao de saude.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a prototipo de capa de tela de poliester (evidengue®) was used to prevent femeas copuladas do Aedes aegypti.
Abstract: Avaliou-se em laboratorio a eficacia de um prototipo de capa de tela de poliester (evidengue®) destinada a vedar o acesso de femeas do mosquito Aedes aegypti a pratos de vasos de planta. Dois pratos de vasos com agua foram envolvidos individualmente com a capa e colocados com os seus respectivos vasos em duas gaiolas entomologicas, um em cada gaiola. Numa terceira gaiola foi colocado um conjunto identico de prato e vasos sem a capa. Cada gaiola recebeu 20 femeas copuladas do mosquito, alimentadas com sangue de camundongo. Os resultados mostram que a capa foi eficaz como barreira ao acesso de femeas. Novos testes sao necessarios para se avaliar a eficacia da capa como dispositivo de prevencao da ovipostura nos pratos.
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: Amor e sexo: mitos, verdades, e fantasias as mentioned in this paper, o multimidia, mostrouse como espaco de interlocucao entre os jovens, permitindo troca anonima de duvidas e ideias, and alimentando um banco de dados que permite aos professores e pesquisadores conhecem melhor o pensamento dos adolescentes.
Abstract: Resumo: A educacao sexual na escola e pratica defendida e prescrita pelo Ministerio da Educacao nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais como eixo transversal ao curriculo. O tema e complexo e a proposta expressa demandas especificas, como a formacao dos professores e materiais educativos adequados. O Museu da Vida, COC/Fiocruz, desenvolveu o multimidia «Amor e sexo: mitos, verdades e fantasias» e, neste artigo, apresenta a avaliacao efetuada por 36 alunos do Ensino Medio de escolas publicas do Rio de Janeiro sobre o produto. A avaliacao permitiu identificar o multimidia como recurso educativo capaz de promover o tema sexualidade em situacoes de aprendizagem. Um recurso do multimidia, denominado Caderno de Perguntas, mostrou-se como espaco de interlocucao entre os jovens, permitindo troca anonima de duvidas e ideias, e alimentando um banco de dados que permite aos professores e pesquisadores conhecerem melhor o pensamento dos adolescentes. Palavras-chave: Tecnologia da Educacao. Novas Tecnologias da Informacao e da Comunicacao. Educacao em Saude. Sexualidade. Adolescencia.
TL;DR: Sensitivity to social problems, the importance of the population's participation and an experimental attitude are some of the aspects presented in the educator's text, revealing an advanced theoretical grounding for her times and an original and pioneering practice that remains to this day as an ideal to be achieved.
Abstract: The article presents the transcription of a class given by Brazilian educator Hortensia Hurpia de Hollanda entitled: "Educacao sanitaria na profilaxia das endemias rurais" [Sanitary education in the prophylaxis of rural epidemics], in a refresher course on rural epidemics and included in the Anais da Faculdade Fluminense de Medicina in December 1956. The annotated publication of the manuscript seeks to prove the pioneering efforts of Hollanda, whose work has been seldom investigated, considering the dimension of her role in the area of health education in Brazil. Sensitivity to social problems, the importance of the population's participation and an experimental attitude are some of the aspects presented in the educator's text, revealing an advanced theoretical grounding for her times and an original and pioneering practice that remains to this day as an ideal to be achieved.
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, the effectiveness of a polyester mesh cover (evidengue ® ), aimed at preventing the access of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to flowerpot saucers, was evaluated in laboratory.
Abstract: The effectiveness of a polyester mesh cover (evidengue ® ), aimed at preventing the access of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to flowerpot saucers, was evaluated in laboratory. Two saucers of flowerpot with water were individually wrapped with the cover was placed with their respective pots in two entomological cages. One identical set of flowerpot and saucer was placed in a third cage. In each cage, 20 gravid females, fed on mouse blood, were released. Results show that the cover was effective to prevent access of females. Further tests are necessary to assess cover effectiveness as a device to prevent saucer oviposition.
TL;DR: The Pediatric Psycho-Oncology aims at understanding the emotional, behavioral and physical dimensions of a person dealing with cancer as mentioned in this paper, and it is understood that the appropriation of the situations experienced during illness and treatment lead to the elaboration of sickness.
Abstract: The Pediatric Psycho-Oncology aims at understanding the emotional, behavioral and physical dimensions of a person dealing with cancer. It is understood that the appropriation of the situations experienced during illness and treatment lead to the elaboration of sickness. The aim of this research was to describe through drawings and interviews how children and adolescents with cancer live with the illness. Twelve children and adolescents four to sixteen years old with different kinds of cancer who were under treatment at SUS (Brazilian National Health Care System) public hospitals and living at support houses participated in the study. The analysis of the speeches and drawings demonstrated that those are instruments that help children in the perception of the experience, extending the possibilities of understanding their feelings during the treatment period.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted a qualitative study with 20 female basic health unit users in the municipality of Belo Horizonte, Southeastern Brazil, in 2007 to analyze their perceptions and participation in preventive and health promotion.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the perceptions and participation of female basic health unit users with regard to prevention and health promotion. METhOdOlOgICAl pROCEduRES: Qualitative study with 20 users of a family health unit in the municipality of Belo Horizonte, Southeastern Brazil, in 2007. The interview script included questions about the health-disease process and prevention and health promotion. The content analysis technique was used to analyze the reports. RESulTS AnAlySIS: The perception of disease prevention was influenced by Leavell & Clark’s theory, which is expressed as actions that avoid the appearance, progression or worsening of disease. Health promotion was regarded as a level of prevention and associated with the individual responsibility and the positive concept of health. Prevention and health promotion practices were influenced by the positive health concept, the possibility of causing pleasure/displeasure, the way in which they might interfere in daily life, by the concept of will-power and the value attributed to life.
TL;DR: A percepcao sobre prevencao apresentou influencia da teoria de Leavell & Clark, expressa por acoes that evitam o aparecimento, progressao ou agravamento de alguma doenca, traduzindo os principios modernos da promocao de saude.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Analisar percepcoes e participacao de usuarias de unidade basica de saude em relacao a prevencao e promocao de saude. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLOGICOS: Estudo qualitativo no qual foram entrevistadas 20 usuarias de uma unidade de saude da familia de Belo Horizonte, MG, em 2007. O roteiro da entrevista englobou questoes sobre o processo saude-doenca e prevencao e promocao de saude. Foi utilizada a tecnica de analise de conteudo na analise dos relatos. ANALISE DOS RESULTADOS: A percepcao sobre prevencao apresentou influencia da teoria de Leavell & Clark, expressa por acoes que evitam o aparecimento, progressao ou agravamento de alguma doenca. A promocao de saude foi concebida como um nivel de prevencao e associada a responsabilizacao individual e ao conceito positivo de saude. As praticas de prevencao e promocao de saude estiveram orientadas pelo conceito positivo de saude, pela possibilidade de gerarem prazer/desprazer, pelas interferencias que poderiam ocasionar no cotidiano, pela concepcao de forca de vontade e de valor conferido a vida. CONCLUSOES: O discurso sobre prevencao e promocao de saude e marcado por concepcoes tradicionais. Contudo, houve a incorporacao do conceito positivo de saude que, aliado ao fator prazer e forca de vontade, atuam como principais influenciadores do comportamento. Sao necessarias estrategias com abordagens mais amplas sobre o processo saude-doenca, traduzindo os principios modernos da promocao de saude.
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: A efetividade de tal controle de-penda, entre varios e complexos fatores, da melhoria do saneamento basico, especialmente do abasteci-mento de agua as populacoes de regioes afetadas pela dengue.
Abstract: obser-va que mesmo programas de controle universalmente celebrados como bem-sucedidos nao foram efetivos o suficiente para impedir novas epidemias da doen-ca, resultado que, segundo o pesquisador, salienta a necessidade de um aperfeicoamento das medidas de controle vetorial hoje disponiveis. Para nos, tal neces-sidade se aplica tambem aos programas de informa-cao e educacao que tem como alvo o comportamento do morador, razao pela qual as consideracoes a seguir sao feitas com o intuito de contribuir para a amplia-cao da discussao e o possivel aperfeicoamento das medidas de controle domiciliar do vetor.Presume-se que a efetividade de tal controle de-penda, entre varios e complexos fatores, da melhoria do saneamento basico, especialmente do abasteci-mento de agua as populacoes de regioes afetadas pela dengue