Aluminum is examined as energy storage and carrier. To provide the correct feasibility study the work includes the analysis of aluminum production process: from ore to metal. During this analysis the material and energy balances are considered. Total efficiency of aluminum-based energy storage is evaluated. Aluminum based energy generation technologies are reviewed. Technologies are categorized by aluminum oxidation method. Particularly, the work focuses on direct electrochemical (anodic) oxidation of aluminum, aluminum–water reaction in alkaline solution, mechanochemical activation of aluminum, mechanical activation of aluminum and high-temperature aluminum–water reaction. The objective is methods overview including technological principle, efficiency, urgent problems and possible application areas.

Aluminum as energy carrier: Feasibility analysis and current technologies overview

An effective hybrid organic/inorganic inhibitor for alkaline aluminum-air fuel cells

The discharge characteristics of aluminium in inhibited and uninhibited 4 M KOH at 50°C have been explored. The performance of pure aluminium as a fuel is compared with that for two leading alloy fuels that had been evaluated in our previous work, Alloy BDW (Al−1Mg−0.1In−0.2Mn) and Alloy 21 (Al−0.2Ga−0.1In−0.1Tl). The inhibitors employed in this study, SnO32−, In(OH)3, BiO33−, Ga(OH)4−, MnO42−, and binary combinations thereof, are either present in Alloys BDW and 21 or have been investigated previously (SnO32−). We found that potassium manganate (K2MnO4) and Na2SnO3+In(OH)3 are effective inhibitor systems, particularly at high discharge rates (400 mA cm−2), but at low discharge rates only manganate offers a significant advantage in coulombic efficiency over the uninhibited solution. Alloy BDW exhibits a very low open circuit (standby) corrosion rate, but its coulombic efficiency under discharge, as determined by delineating the partial anodic and cathodic reactions, was found to be no better than that of aluminium in the same uninhibited solution. Alloy 21 was found to exhibit a comparable performance to Alloy BDW under open circuit conditions and a much higher coulombic efficiency at low discharge rates (100 mA cm−2), but the performance of this alloy under high discharge rate conditions was not determined. Alloy 21 has the significant disadvantage that it contains thallium.

Development of anodes for aluminum/air batteries: Solution phase inhibition of corrosion

Synergistic effects of carboxymethyl cellulose and ZnO as alkaline electrolyte additives for aluminium anodes with a view towards Al-air batteries

Experimental and theoretical investigation on corrosion inhibition of AA5052 aluminium alloy by l-cysteine in alkaline solution

The corrosion and electrochemical behavior of aluminum in inhibited and uninhibited 4 M KOH-methanol-water mixed solutions with a methanol/water volume ratio of 3:2 were investigated by means of hydrogen collection, polarization curve, galvanostatic discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results of hydrogen collection and electrochemical experiments showed that the addition of ZnO can obviously inhibit the corrosion of aluminum in the 4 M KOH-methanol-water solutions, and its inhibition effect can be enhanced in the hydroxy-tryptamine (HT)-containing KOH solution. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) revealed that ZnO produces the inhibition effect by the formation of a zinc-containing deposit layer on the surface of aluminum, and the cooperative effect of ZnO and HT may improve the deposit of zinc. The results of galvanostatic discharge indicated that aluminum can present good electrochemical activity in the 4 M KOH-methanol-water solution with 0.2 M ZnO and 1.0 mL/L HT.

The corrosion and electrochemical behavior of pure aluminum in additive‐containing alkaline methanol–water mixed solutions

Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumour microenvironment (TME) is highly complex with diverse cellular components organising into various functional units, cellular neighbourhoods (CNs). And we wanted to define CN of HCC while preserving the TME architecture, based on which, potential targets for novel immunotherapy could be identified. Design A highly multiplexed imaging mass cytometry (IMC) panel was designed to simultaneously quantify 36 biomarkers of tissues from 134 patients with HCC and 7 healthy donors to generate 562 highly multiplexed histology images at single-cell resolution. Different function units were defined by topological analysis of TME. CN relevant to the patients’ prognosis was identified as specific target for HCC therapy. Transgenic mouse models were used to validate the novel immunotherapy target for HCC. Results Three major types of intratumour areas with distinct distribution patterns of tumorous, stromal and immune cells were identified. 22 cellular metaclusters and 16 CN were defined. CN composed of various types of cells formed regional function units and the regional immunity was regulated reversely by resident Kupffer cells and infiltrating macrophages with protumour and antitumour function, respectively. Depletion of Kupffer cells in mouse liver largely enhances the T cell response, reduces liver tumour growth and sensitises the tumour response to antiprogrammed cell death protein-1 treatment. Conclusion Our findings reveal for the first time the various topological function units of HCC TME, which also presents the largest depository of pathological landscape for HCC. This work highlights the potential of Kupffer cell-specific targeting rather than overall myeloid cell blocking as a novel immunotherapy for HCC treatment.

Topological analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma tumour microenvironment based on imaging mass cytometry reveals cellular neighbourhood regulated reversely by macrophages with different ontogeny

The invention discloses a Chinese pancreas cancer cell line sipanc-187 establishment method. The method includes the following steps: 1. specimen acquisition; 2. tissue digestion; 3. PDX nude mouse tumor-bearing; and 4. tumor cell culture and passage. The beneficial effects of the invention are that a Chinese pancreas cancer cell line sipanc-187 established according to the invention is biologically characterized by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, wherein the Chinese pancreas cancer cell line sipanc-187 has good tumorigenicity and certain medicine resistance. The Chinese pancreas cancer cellline sipanc-187 can be greatly applied to research of pancreas cancer tumors and a chemotherapy medicine-resistance mechanism, pedigree analysis of Chinese pancreas cancer related genes, and the like.

Chinese pancreas cancer cell line sipanc-187 establishment method

The invention discloses a method for constructing a pancreatic cancer cell line by positive expression of Chinese B7-H5. The method comprises the following steps of 1, collecting of a specimen; 2, preparing of an Organoid type organ complete culture medium; 3, digestion of tissues; 4, constructing and culture of Organoid type organs of pancreatic cancer; 5, cell generation pass and culture. The method has the beneficial effects that the biology features of the constructed Chinese pancreatic cancer cell line sipanc-1076 are used as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; the particular characteristicof positive expression of B7-H15 which does not exist in other commercialized human pancreatic cancer cell lines is realized; the tumor forming property is good; the method can be applied to the study on tumor immune escape of pancreatic cancer, analysis of related genealogy of Chinese pancreatic cancer, and the like.

Method for constructing pancreatic cancer cell line by positive expression of Chinese B7-H5

The invention discloses a CSV antibody-based pancreatic cancer circulating tumor cell enriching and capturing method, and establishes a new pancreatic cancer circulating tumor cell (CTC) enriching andcapturing method, which mainly comprises: (1) collecting a blood sample; (2) removing peripheral blood leukocytes; and (3) capturing CTCs by using a cell-surface vimentin (CSV) antibody-based microfluidic method. According to the present invention, with the method, the CTC capturing efficiency can be improved on the basis of the leukocyte removal, and the interstitial phenotype CTCs can be well enriched through the CSV-based capturing method; and the new detection method is provided for the clinical application of CTCs, and the help is provided for the study of the biological characteristicsof CTCs.

Wang Jianfeng

Papers

The corrosion and electrochemical behavior of pure aluminum in additive‐containing alkaline methanol–water mixed solutions

Topological analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma tumour microenvironment based on imaging mass cytometry reveals cellular neighbourhood regulated reversely by macrophages with different ontogeny

Chinese pancreas cancer cell line sipanc-187 establishment method

Method for constructing pancreatic cancer cell line by positive expression of Chinese B7-H5

CSV antibody-based pancreatic cancer circulating tumor cell enriching and capturing method