Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

This is a review of Collected Works of John Tate. Parts I, II, edited by Barry Mazur and Jean-Pierre Serre. American Mathematical Society, Providence, Rhode Island, 2016. For several decades it has been clear to the friends and colleagues of John Tate that a “Collected Works” was merited. The award of the Abel Prize to Tate in 2010 added impetus, and finally, in Tate’s ninety-second year we have these two magnificent volumes, edited by Barry Mazur and Jean-Pierre Serre. Beyond Tate’s published articles, they include five unpublished articles and a selection of his letters, most accompanied by Tate’s comments, and a collection of photographs of Tate. For an overview of Tate’s work, the editors refer the reader to [4]. Before discussing the volumes, I describe some of Tate’s work. 1. Hecke L-series and Tate’s thesis Like many budding number theorists, Tate’s favorite theorem when young was Gauss’s law of quadratic reciprocity. When he arrived at Princeton as a graduate student in 1946, he was fortunate to find there the person, Emil Artin, who had discovered the most general reciprocity law, so solving Hilbert’s ninth problem. By 1920, the German school of algebraic number theorists (Hilbert, Weber, . . .) together with its brilliant student Takagi had succeeded in classifying the abelian extensions of a number field K: to each group I of ideal classes in K, there is attached an extension L of K (the class field of I); the group I determines the arithmetic of the extension L/K, and the Galois group of L/K is isomorphic to I. Artin’s contribution was to prove (in 1927) that there is a natural isomorphism from I to the Galois group of L/K. When the base field contains an appropriate root of 1, Artin’s isomorphism gives a reciprocity law, and all possible reciprocity laws arise this way. In the 1930s, Chevalley reworked abelian class field theory. In particular, he replaced “ideals” with his “idèles” which greatly clarified the relation between the local and global aspects of the theory. For his thesis, Artin suggested that Tate do the same for Hecke L-series. When Hecke proved that the abelian L-functions of number fields (generalizations of Dirichlet’s L-functions) have an analytic continuation throughout the plane with a functional equation of the expected type, he saw that his methods applied even to a new kind of L-function, now named after him. Once Tate had developed his harmonic analysis of local fields and of the idèle group, he was able prove analytic continuation and functional equations for all the relevant L-series without Hecke’s complicated theta-formulas. Received by the editors September 5, 2016. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 01A75, 11-06, 14-06. c ©2017 American Mathematical Society

The collected works

Intermolecular And Surface Forces

Dingcai Wu,*,† Fei Xu,† Bin Sun,† Ruowen Fu,† Hongkun He,‡ and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski*,‡ †Materials Science Institute, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China ‡Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States

Design and Preparation of Porous Polymers

Capillarity and Wetting Phenomena: Drops, Bubbles, Pearls, Waves

.The physical properties of an ensemble of tightly packed particles like bubbles, drops or solid grains are controlled by their interactions. For the case of bubbles and drops it has recently been shown theoretically and computationally that their interactions cannot generally be represented by pair-wise additive potentials, as is commonly done for simulations of soft grain packings. This has important consequences for the mechanical properties of foams and emulsions, especially for strongly deformed bubbles or droplets well above the jamming point. Here we provide the first experimental confirmation of this prediction by quantifying the interactions between bubbles in simple model foams consisting of trains of equal-volume bubbles confined in square capillaries. The obtained interaction laws agree quantitatively with Surface Evolver simulations and are well described by an analytically derived expression based on the recently developed non-pairwise interaction model of Hohler et al. [Soft Matter, 2017, 13,(7):1371], based on Morse-Witten theory. While all experiments are done at Bond numbers sufficiently low for the hydrostatic pressure variation across one bubble to be negligible, we provide the full analysis taking into account gravity in the appendix for the interested reader. Even though the article focuses on foams, all results directly apply to the case of emulsions.

/pdf/juggling-bubbles-in-square-capillaries-an-experimental-proof-270qf63fgi.pdf

Juggling bubbles in square capillaries: an experimental proof of non-pairwise bubble interactions

On the Origin of the Remarkable Stability of Aqueous Foams Stabilized by Nano-Particles

Foam destabilisation is crucial in many industrial processes such as foodprocessing or detergency. There are three processes leading to foam destabilisation: liquid drainage (due to the gravity), coalescence (two bubbles merge together) and coarsening (exchange of gases between neighbouring bubbles of different pressure). In a 3D foam, these three processes are interdependent and it is difficult to disentangle them. A way to separate drainage from coalescence and coarsening is to use quasi2D-foams which, in our case, consist of a monolayer of bubbles sandwiched between two horizontal plates. There are many studies on this subject and the physical process is well described for dry foam. But it is not the case for wet foam, in particular because the mathematical description of the geometry of a 2D foam is not so well known. Furthermore, the influence of the foam formulation (surfactant type, gas) is not that well understood either. We will present experiments with foams stabilised by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and different gases (nitrogen, argon or air). We have measured films permeabilities using the evolution of the number of bubbles with time or the evolution of bubbles areas and we show that it does not depend on the liquid fraction provided that its impact on the film height is taken into account. We also studied the competition between coarsening and coalescence. Based on an experiment realized by Roth and al. [1], we have recently improved the 2D cell in order to control better the liquid fraction of the foam. Using this cell, we studied the influence of the surfactant type (SDS or Trimethyl-(tetradecyl)-ammonium bromide (TTAB)) and concentration on the coarsening process and on the competition with coalescence.

Coarsening and coalescence of a 2D-foam: role of the physical-chemistry

Fluorocarbon vapors slow down coalescence in foams: influence of surfactant concentration

Confocal microscopy has become a powerful tool to obtain high-resolution, three-dimensional images after reconstruction of a point-by-point scan of the local fluorescence properties of a sample. For technical reasons, commercial confocal microscopes perform this scan in a manner that the x-y-plane of the scan is perpendicular to gravity and can be several square centimetres large (defined by the movement of displacement stages). The depth- or z-scan, on the other hand, is parallel to gravity and typically limited to 10–1000 micrometres depth. This is a constraint that limits the number of experimental scenarios in which confocal microscopy can be employed, since many experimental systems ask for images in which the main extension of the scan has an angle with gravity which is not 90 degrees. Using the example of different experimental systems (particle dispersions, emulsions, foams, foamed emulsions) that sediment or cream under gravity, we show here how the optical path of any confocal microscope can be inverted to obtain any imaging angle with respect to gravity without losing all pre-programmed scanning and reconstruction facilities.

Wiebke Drenckhan

Papers

Juggling bubbles in square capillaries: an experimental proof of non-pairwise bubble interactions

On the Origin of the Remarkable Stability of Aqueous Foams Stabilized by Nano-Particles

Coarsening and coalescence of a 2D-foam: role of the physical-chemistry

Fluorocarbon vapors slow down coalescence in foams: influence of surfactant concentration

Optical adaptation of confocal microscopes for arbitrary imaging angles — and its application to sedimentation/creaming in dispersions