Chapter 11 includes more case studies in other areas, ranging from manufacturing to marketing research. Chapter 12 concludes the book with some commentary about the scienti c contributions of MTS. The Taguchi method for design of experiment has generated considerable controversy in the statistical community over the past few decades. The MTS/MTGS method seems to lead another source of discussions on the methodology it advocates (Montgomery 2003). As pointed out by Woodall et al. (2003), the MTS/MTGS methods are considered ad hoc in the sense that they have not been developed using any underlying statistical theory. Because the “normal” and “abnormal” groups form the basis of the theory, some sampling restrictions are fundamental to the applications. First, it is essential that the “normal” sample be uniform, unbiased, and/or complete so that a reliable measurement scale is obtained. Second, the selection of “abnormal” samples is crucial to the success of dimensionality reduction when OAs are used. For example, if each abnormal item is really unique in the medical example, then it is unclear how the statistical distance MD can be guaranteed to give a consistent diagnosis measure of severity on a continuous scale when the larger-the-better type S/N ratio is used. Multivariate diagnosis is not new to Technometrics readers and is now becoming increasingly more popular in statistical analysis and data mining for knowledge discovery. As a promising alternative that assumes no underlying data model, The Mahalanobis–Taguchi Strategy does not provide suf cient evidence of gains achieved by using the proposed method over existing tools. Readers may be very interested in a detailed comparison with other diagnostic tools, such as logistic regression and tree-based methods. Overall, although the idea of MTS/MTGS is intriguing, this book would be more valuable had it been written in a rigorous fashion as a technical reference. There is some lack of precision even in several mathematical notations. Perhaps a follow-up with additional theoretical justi cation and careful case studies would answer some of the lingering questions.

The Elements of Statistical Learning

According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

We will review some of the major results in random graphs and some of the more challenging open problems. We will cover algorithmic and structural questions. We will touch on newer models, including those related to the WWW.

Random graphs

1. Introduction and Overview. 2. Detecting Influential Observations and Outliers. 3. Detecting and Assessing Collinearity. 4. Applications and Remedies. 5. Research Issues and Directions for Extensions. Bibliography. Author Index. Subject Index.

Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity

This book is downloadable from http://www.irisa.fr/sisthem/kniga/. Many monitoring problems can be stated as the problem of detecting a change in the parameters of a static or dynamic stochastic system. The main goal of this book is to describe a unified framework for the design and the performance analysis of the algorithms for solving these change detection problems. Also the book contains the key mathematical background necessary for this purpose. Finally links with the analytical redundancy approach to fault detection in linear systems are established. We call abrupt change any change in the parameters of the system that occurs either instantaneously or at least very fast with respect to the sampling period of the measurements. Abrupt changes by no means refer to changes with large magnitude; on the contrary, in most applications the main problem is to detect small changes. Moreover, in some applications, the early warning of small - and not necessarily fast - changes is of crucial interest in order to avoid the economic or even catastrophic consequences that can result from an accumulation of such small changes. For example, small faults arising in the sensors of a navigation system can result, through the underlying integration, in serious errors in the estimated position of the plane. Another example is the early warning of small deviations from the normal operating conditions of an industrial process. The early detection of slight changes in the state of the process allows to plan in a more adequate manner the periods during which the process should be inspected and possibly repaired, and thus to reduce the exploitation costs.

Detection of abrupt changes: theory and application

There is considerable interest in the use of statistical process control (SPC) in healthcare. Although SPC is part of an overall philosophy of continual improvement, the implementation of SPC usually requires the production of control charts. However, as SPC is relatively new to healthcare practitioners and is not routinely featured in medical statistics texts/courses, there is a need to explain the issues involved in the selection and construction of control charts in practice. Following a brief overview of SPC in healthcare and preliminary issues, we use a tutorial-based approach to illustrate the selection and construction of four commonly used control charts (xmr-chart, p-chart, u-chart, c-chart) using examples from healthcare. For each control chart, the raw data, the relevant formulae and their use and interpretation of the final SPC chart are provided together with a notes section highlighting important issues for the SPC practitioner. Some more advanced topics are also mentioned with suggestions for further reading.

https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/qhc/17/2/137.full.pdf?17%2F2%2F137=

Plotting basic control charts: tutorial notes for healthcare practitioners

An overview and perspective is provided on the Phase I collection and analysis of data for use in process improvement and control charting.

An Overview of Phase I Analysis for Process Improvement and Monitoring

﻿Profile monitoring is used when the product or process quality is best represented by a function at each time period. Often some parametric method is used and then the estimated parameters are monitored over time to determine if there have been changes..

Monitoring correlation within linear profiles using mixed models

Fuzzy set theory has primarily been associated with control theory and with the representation of uncertainty in applications in artificial intelligence. More recently, fuzzy methods have been proposed as alternatives to traditional statistical methods in statistical quality control, linear regression, and forecasting, among other areas. We review some basic concepts of fuzzy methods, point out some philosophical and practical problems, and offer simpler alternatives based on traditional probability and statistical theory. Applications in control theory and statistical quality control serve as our primary examples.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1269905.pdf

A probabilistic and statistical view of fuzzy methods

We compare the performance of two phase II monitoring schemes for linear profiles, one based on the classical calibration method monitoring the deviations from the regression line (referred to as the NIST method) and the second based on individually monitoring the parameters of the linear profile (referred to as the KMW method). The comparison criterion is average run length performance under different sustained shifts in the intercept, slope and error standard deviation of the linear calibration line. A simulation study shows that the NIST method performs poorly compared to the combined control charting scheme of the KMW method.

William H. Woodall

Papers

Plotting basic control charts: tutorial notes for healthcare practitioners

An Overview of Phase I Analysis for Process Improvement and Monitoring

Monitoring correlation within linear profiles using mixed models

A probabilistic and statistical view of fuzzy methods

Performance evaluation of two methods for online monitoring of linear calibration profiles