Showing papers by "Wolfgang Wagner published in 2002"
TL;DR: The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) adopted a new formulation called "The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use" as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In 1995, the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) adopted a new formulation called “The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use”, which we abbreviate to IAPWS-95 formulation or IAPWS-95 for short. This IAPWS-95 formulation replaces the previous formulation adopted in 1984. This work provides information on the selected experimental data of the thermodynamic properties of water used to develop the new formulation, but information is also given on newer data. The article presents all details of the IAPWS-95 formulation, which is in the form of a fundamental equation explicit in the Helmholtz free energy. The function for the residual part of the Helmholtz free energy was fitted to selected data for the following properties: (a) thermal properties of the single-phase region (pρT) and of the vapor–liquid phase boundary (pσρ′ρ″T), including the phase-equilibrium condition (Maxwell criterion), and (b) t...
3,819 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that symbolic coping occurs in countries where a recent increase in policy activity and of media reporting has alerted the public and that these beliefs are relatively independent of pre-existing popular science knowledge and functionally equivalent to scientific knowledge in providing judgmental confidence and reducing self-ascribed ignorance.
Abstract: Using data from policy analyses, media analyses and a European-wide survey about public perceptions of biotechnology conducted in 1996 and again in 1999, it is shown how a country's public develops an everyday understanding of a new technology (genetic modification) construed as potentially harmful by the media. To understand the reliance on images and related beliefs, we propose a theory of collective symbolic coping. It identifies four steps: first, the creation of awareness; second, production of divergent images; third, convergence upon a couple of dominant images in the public sphere; fourth, normalization. It is suggested that symbolic coping occurs in countries where a recent increase in policy activity and of media reporting has alerted the public; that this public show a high proportion of beliefs in menacing images; that these beliefs are relatively independent of pre-existing popular science knowledge; and that they are functionally equivalent to scientific knowledge in providing judgmental confidence and reducing self-ascribed ignorance. These propositions are shown to be true in Austria and Greece. Several implications of the theory are discussed, including social representation theory and public understanding of science.
218 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an apparatus for the simultaneous measurement of viscosity and density of fluids is presented, which achieves uncertainties of less than ± 0.15% in the dilute gas region and less than 0.4% for higher densities.
Abstract: An apparatus for the simultaneous measurement of viscosity and density of fluids is presented. The viscometer-densimeter covers a viscosity range up to 150 µPa⋅s and a density range up to 2000 kg⋅m−3 at temperatures from 233 to 523 K and pressures up to 30 MPa. Very accurate density measurements with uncertainties of ±0.02 to ±0.05% have always been carried out with this apparatus, although in its first version it was necessary to calibrate the viscosity measuring system on a reference fluid in order to achieve uncertainties of ±0.6 to ±1.0% in viscosity. After significant improvements, the apparatus now achieves uncertainties in viscosity of less than ±0.15% in the dilute gas region and less than ±0.4% for higher densities. Moreover, the viscosity measuring system can be described in an absolute way; calibration is no longer necessary. In order to test the advanced apparatus and to determine viscosity-density values of very high quality, comprehensive measurements on nitrogen, argon, and methane were carried out in the entire working range of the viscometer-densimeter. In addition, viscosity-density measurements on helium, neon, and krypton were made on two selected isotherms each. All measurements show that the estimated total uncertainty of ±0.15 to ±0.4% in viscosity and of ±0.02 to ±0.05% in density is clearly met. In order to verify the results of the combined viscometer-densimeter, a new apparatus for very accurate viscosity measurements was designed. While the working range of this apparatus is restricted to the dilute gas region, it yields uncertainties of less than ±0.07% in viscosity. Measurements carried out with this apparatus confirmed the previously measured values of the combined viscometer-densimeter within ±0.03%.
118 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the class V myosin Myo2p and the Rab/Ypt Sec4p, that are required for vesicle polarization processes at all stages of the cell cycle, form a complex with each other and with a myosIn light chain, Mlc1p, is required for actomyosin ring assembly and cytokinesis.
Abstract: Little is known about the molecular machinery that directs secretory vesicles to the site of cell separation during cytokinesis. We show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the class V myosin Myo2p and the Rab/Ypt Sec4p, that are required for vesicle polarization processes at all stages of the cell cycle, form a complex with each other and with a myosin light chain, Mlc1p, that is required for actomyosin ring assembly and cytokinesis. Mlc1p travels on secretory vesicles and forms a complex(es) with Myo2p and/or Sec4p. Its functional interaction with Myo2p is essential during cytokinesis to target secretory vesicles to fill the mother bud neck. The role of Mlc1p in actomyosin ring assembly instead is dispensable for this process. Therefore, in yeast, as recently shown in mammals, class V myosins associate with vesicles via the formation of a complex with Rab/Ypt proteins. Further more, myosin light chains, via their ability to be transported by secretory vesicles and to interact with class V myosin IQ motifs, can regulate vesicle polarization processes at a specific location and stage of the cell cycle.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive and accurate measurements of the saturated-liquid and saturated-vapour densities together with the vapour pressure of pure ethane were carried out from the temperature T=91 K (triple point temperature Tt=90.368 K) to 0.022 K below the critical temperature.
63 citations
TL;DR: Fetal surgery is defined as prenatal surgical intervention in selected cases of fetal malformations that endanger the child’s life prenatally or postnatally, such as death or severe impairment.
Abstract: Background
Fetal surgery is defined as prenatal surgical intervention. Such intervention is currently considered in selected cases of fetal malformations that endanger the child’s life prenatally or postnatally, such as death or severe impairment.
Methods
Current indications are reviewed, with special emphasis on success rates and complications, including concomitant ethical problems. Data sources are based on personal experience and medical information systems (especially MEDLINE).
Results and Conclusions
In the head and neck areas, especially the upper respiratory tract, such procedures can be indicated in selected cases. They include exposure and temporary obstruction of the fetal trachea to reduce the viscera and to prevent pulmonary hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia, prenatal tracheotomy in laryngeal atresia, and intranatal establishment of an airway in airway-obstructing embryonic tumors. The latter surgery can be performed after delivery of the fetal head and neck and before umbilical cord severance. This method ensures oxygenation of the fetus by the maternofetal circulation until completion of the surgical intervention (so called EXIT procedure = Ex-Utero Intrapartum Treatment). The relatively high surgical risk of fetal surgery, in particular postoperative preterm labor, may be reduced by the use of minimally invasive endoscopic techniques. By reducing operative risks even further, prenatal surgical interventions may even be used in nonlethal conditions. Consequently, more diseases of the head and neck area could thus be included in the spectrum of indications, such as prenatal correction of the cleft lip palate. Because fetal wound healing incurs no scarring up to a certain stage in pregnancy, such fetal surgical correction could be a perspective. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 482–490, 2002
44 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive and accurate measurements of the saturated liquid and saturated-vapour densities together with the vapour pressure of pure sulphur hexafluoride were carried out from the temperature T = 224 K (triple-point temperature Tt = 224.555 K) to 0.033 K below the critical temperature (Tc = 318.723 K).
43 citations
24 Jun 2002
TL;DR: This work sets up a global soil moisture archive, using low resolution radar data in combination with a change detection method to resolve the constraint of availability on soil moisture.
Abstract: Soil moisture is a key variable in a number of geophysical and ecological processes. Despite its importance, availability of information on soil moisture is limited. Only recently it could be demonstrated that low resolution radar data in combination with a change detection method can resolve this constraint. Experience gained in a number of successful pilot projects, lead to an initiative, setting up a global soil moisture archive.
42 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The commonly-observed clonal expansions of CD8+ T-cells in the elderly were for the most part poorly-functional CMV- and EBV-specific cells, expressing little CD28, which suggests that persistent infection with EBV and particularly CMV impacts upon the immune system in aging and may contribute to the immune risk phenotype (IRP), which predicts remaining longevity in the very elderly.
Abstract: Compromised interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production in the elderly to both acute and latent viral antigen stimulation : contribution to the immune risk phenotype?
41 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a forest cover map of central and western Siberia is presented, which is based on the European Commission funded SIBERIA project, which aimed at producing a forest map covering an area of 12 million square kilometres.
Abstract: Russia's boreal forests host 11% of the world's live forest biomass They play a critical role in Russia's economy and in stabilizing the global climate The boreal forests of central and western Siberia represent the largest unbroken tracts of forest in the world The European Commission funded SIBERIA project aimed at producing a forest map covering an area of 12 million square kilometres Three synthetic aperture radars (SAR) on board the European remote sensing satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2 and the Japanese Earth resources satellite JERS-1 were used to collect remote sensing data Radar is the only sensor capable of penetrating cloud cover and imaging at night An adaptive, model-based, contextual classification to derive ranked total growing stock volume classes suitable for large-scale mapping is described The accuracy assessment of the Siberian forest cover map is presented The weighted coefficient of agreement κw is calculated to quantify the agreement between the classified map and the reference
41 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the exclusive gamma signals at the Collider Detector at Fermilab were searched using 87 pb(-1) of data at roots = 1.8 TeV, and 95% C.L.
Abstract: The exclusive gammais not an element of(T) signal has a small standard model cross section and is thus a channel sensitive to new physics. This signature is predicted by models with a superlight gravitino or with large extra spatial dimensions. We search for such signals at the Collider Detector at Fermilab, using 87 pb(-1) of data at roots = 1.8 TeV, and extract 95% C.L. limits on these processes. A limit of 221 GeV is set on the scale \F\(1/2) in supersymmetric models. For 4, 6, and 8 extra dimensions, model-dependent limits on the fundamental mass scale M-D of 0.55, 0.58, and 0.60 TeV, respectively, are found. We also specify a "pseudo-model-independent" method of comparing the results to theoretical predictions.
TL;DR: The up-front centralized review of patient data and consecutive set-up and delivery of individualized treatment proposals for almost every patient are feasible within a large multicenter trial.
TL;DR: The characterization of a yeast REP mutant, mrs6‐2, is reported, in which reduced prenylation of Ypt proteins occurs even at the permissive temperature, suggesting that, at least at high temperature, a critical minimal level of YPT protein prenolation is required for maintaining vesicle polarization.
Abstract: The Rab/Ypt small G proteins are essential for intracellular vesicle trafficking in mammals and yeast. The vesicle-docking process requires that Ypt proteins are located in the vesicle membrane. C-terminal geranylgeranyl anchors mediate the membrane attachment of these proteins. The Rab escort protein (REP) is essential for the recognition of Rab/Ypt small G proteins by geranylgeranyltransferase II (GGTase II) and for their delivery to acceptor membranes. What effect an alteration in the levels of prenylated Rab/Ypt proteins has on vesicle transport or other cellular processes is so far unknown. Here, we report the characterization of a yeast REP mutant, mrs6-2, in which reduced prenylation of Ypt proteins occurs even at the permissive temperature. A shift to the restrictive temperature does not alter exponential growth during the first 3 h. The amount of Sec4p, but not Ypt1p, bound to vesicle membranes is reduced 2.5 h after the shift compared with wild-type or mrs6-2 cells incubated at 25 degrees C. In addition, vesicles fail to be polarized towards the bud and small budded binucleate cells accumulate at this time point. Growth in 1 M sorbitol or overexpression of MLC1, encoding a myosin light chain able to bind the unconventional type V myosin Myo2, or of genes involved in cell wall maintenance, such as SLG1, GFA1 and LRE1, suppresses mrs6-2 thermosensitivity. Our data suggest that, at least at high temperature, a critical minimal level of Ypt protein prenylation is required for maintaining vesicle polarization.
TL;DR: In this article, the results reported in this paper cover the homogeneous gas and liquid region in the temperature range from 225 K to 340 K at pressures up to 12 MPa.
Book•
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: As some of the problems associated with myelomeningocele occur only later in life, it will still take many years until the beneficial and adverse effects of prenatal neurosurgical procedures can be evaluated.
Abstract: Purpose of reviewMyelomeningocele, the most frequently occurring open neural tube defect, requires lifelong care of the patient by medical professionals and by relatives. A basic understanding of the neurosurgical measures that have to be taken in the newborn, the infant, the child and the adult is
TL;DR: In this paper, the branching ratio of the decays of B+-->chi(c1)(0)(1P)K+ and B++-->J/psiK(+)pi(+)π(+) pi(-) was measured.
Abstract: We report on measurements of the branching ratios of the decays B+-->chi(c1)(0)(1P)K+ and B+-->J/psiK(+)pi(+)pi(-), where chi(c1)(0)(1P)-->J/psigamma and J/psi-->mu(+)mu(-) in p (p) over bar collisions at roots=1.8 TeV. Using a data sample from an integrated luminosity of 110 pb(-1) collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab we measure the branching ratios to be BR(B+-->chi(c1)(0)(1P)K+)=15.5+/-5.4(stat)+/-1.5(syst)+/-1.3(br)x10(-4) and BR(B+-->J/psiK(+)pi(+)pi(-))=6.9+/-1.8(stat)+/-1.1(syst)+/-0.4(br)x10(-4) where (br) is due to the finite precision on BR(B+-->J/psiK(+)), BR(chi(c1)(0)(1P)-->J/psigamma) is used to normalize the signal yield, and (syst) encompasses all other systematic uncertainties.
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: This article analyzed different data corpora from Austria, France, Germany, UK, Norway and Sweden to address the following questions: what is the public perception of biotechnology? and what attitudes, images and linguistic repertoires guide thoughts on and discussions of this topic.
Abstract: The aim of analysing different data corpora from Austria, France, Germany, the UK, Norway and Sweden is to address the following questions: what is the public perception of biotechnology? and what attitudes, images and linguistic repertoires guide thoughts on and discussions of this topic?
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Combined treatment with radiotherapy and temozolomide is feasible and the observed side effects were tolerable, and further investigation of this agent is necessary.
Abstract: Aims and background: There is only little preliminary information about combined-modality treatment with radiotherapy and temozolamide. The purpose of this analysis was to document the feasibility of such combined-modality treatment. Methods: We treated 25 patients with recurrent high grade gliomas after standard therapy (surgery and radiation) with the following schedule: 400 mg temozolomide orally for five days repeated every 28 days, and radiotherapy at a dose of 20-30 Gy (2 x 1.2 Gy per day). Four of these patients underwent a second operation without complete tumor resection. Results: After 125 courses of temozolomide, grade 1 (NCI-CTC) thrombocytopenia was found in four patients and grade 2 in two patients. Two patients developed grade 1 leukocytopenia and two others grade 2. CTC grade 1-2 nausea was observed in eight patients. For one patient we reduced the dose of temozolomide to 300 mg/day because of thrombocytopenia. One patient discontinued therapy after the first course because of leukocytopenia and nausea. CTC grade 3-4 side effects did not occur. Combined-modality treatment showed no more side effects than treatment with temozolomide alone. The median duration of response was seven months. Conclusion: The observed side effects were tolerable. Combined treatment with radiotherapy and temozolomide is feasible. Further Investigation of this agent Is necessary.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the supersymmetric partner of the top quark (stop) in 107 pb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at roots=1.8 TeV collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF).
Abstract: We have searched for pair production of the supersymmetric partner of the top quark (stop) in 107 pb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at roots=1.8 TeV collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). Each stop is assumed to decay into a lepton, bottom quark, and supersymmetric neutrino. Such a scenario would give rise to events with two leptons, two hadronic jets, and a substantial imbalance of transverse energy. No evidence of such a stop signal has been found. We exclude stop masses in the region (80less than or equal tom((t) over bar)less than or equal to135 GeV/c(2)) in the mass plane of stop versus sneutrino.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed a search for radiative b-hadron decays using events produced in p (p) over bar collisions at roots=1.8 TeV and collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab.
Abstract: We have performed a search for radiative b-hadron decays using events produced in p (p) over bar collisions at roots=1.8 TeV and collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The decays we considered were (B) over bar (0)(d)→(K) over bar*(0)(→K(-)pi(+))gamma, (B) over bar (0)(s)→phi(→K+K-)gamma, Lambda(b)(0)→Lambda(→ppi(-))gamma, and their charge conjugates. Two independent methods to identify photons from such decays were employed. In the first method, the photon was detected in the electromagnetic calorimeter. In the second method, the photon was identified by an electron-positron pair produced through the external photon conversion before the tracking detector volume. By combining the two methods we obtain upper limits on the branching fractions for the (B) over bar (0)(d), (B) over bar (0)(s), and Lambda(b)(0) radiative decays which, at the 95% confidence level, are found to be B((B) over bar (0)(d)→(K) over bar*(0)gamma) lt 1.4x10(-4), B((B) over bar (0)(s)→phigamma) lt 1.6x10(-4), and B(Λ(0)(b)→Lambdagamma) lt 1.9x10(-3).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed a search for radiative b-hadron decays using events produced in $p\overline{p}$ collisions at Fermilab.
Abstract: We have performed a search for radiative b-hadron decays using events produced in $p\overline{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.8\mathrm{TeV}$ and collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The decays we considered were ${B}_{d}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}(\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})\ensuremath{\gamma},$ ${B}_{s}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\varphi}(\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}})\ensuremath{\gamma},$ ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{b}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}(\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})\ensuremath{\gamma},$ and their charge conjugates. Two independent methods to identify photons from such decays were employed. In the first method, the photon was detected in the electromagnetic calorimeter. In the second method, the photon was identified by an electron-positron pair produced through the external photon conversion before the tracking detector volume. By combining the two methods we obtain upper limits on the branching fractions for the ${B}_{d}^{0},$ ${B}_{s}^{0},$ and ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{b}^{0}$ radiative decays which, at the 95% confidence level, are found to be $\mathcal{B}({B}_{d}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}\ensuremath{\gamma})l1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4},$ $\mathcal{B}({B}_{s}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{\gamma})l1.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4},$ and $\mathcal{B}({\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{b}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\gamma})l1.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}.$
TL;DR: Stability in the sense of boundedness of the correlation matrix of the component estimators is studied and the theory is applied to difference schemes for the wave equation.
Abstract: The paper is concerned with Monte Carlo algorithms for iteration processes. A recurrent procedure is introduced, where Information on various iteration levels is stored. Stability in the sense of boundedness of the correlation matrix of the component estimators is studied. The theory is applied to difference schemes for the wave equation. The results are illustrated by numerical examples. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 65C05
TL;DR: Peptides spanning the fusion region of Abl/Bcr are immunogenic and sensitize CD8 + T lymphocytes to recognize native chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Abstract: Peptides spanning the fusion region of Abl/Bcr are immunogenic and sensitize CD8 + T lymphocytes to recognize native chronic myelogenous leukemia
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, Brocker et al. analyzes the effect of Subventionen in the transportsektor in the context of the Loschwettbewerb.
Abstract: In der aktuellen Politik ist seit Beginn der neuen Legislaturperiode Subventionsabbau Gegenstand der politischen Auseinandersetzung. Im Zusammenhang mit der so genannten Okosteuer ist Ende der 1990er Jahre schon einmal eine ausgiebige Diskussion uber die Bedeutung von Subventionen im Transportsektor gefuhrt worden. Eine konsequente theoretische Abhandlung zu diesem Thema liefert dabei Brocker (1998): Er ermittelt die Wirkungen von Subventionen fur den Transportsektor im Rahmen eines raumlichen Marktmodells und zeigt fur eine spezifische Wettbewerbssituation, dass bei einer von mehreren moglichen Preissetzungsstrategien Subventionen in einem bestimmten Ausmas nicht nur die Wohlfahrt erhohen, sondern dass das Ausmas der wohlfahrtsmaximierenden Subventionen mit etwa 70 % der entfernungsabhangigen Transportkosten durchaus ein hohes Niveau erreicht. In diesem Beitrag werden fur eine andere Wettbewerbsform, namlich Loschwettbewerb, und drei verschiedene Preisstrategien sowohl kurzfristige als langfristige Wohlfahrtseffekte von Subventionen analysiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass eine kurzfristige Wohlfahrtsmaximierung langfristig die Wohlfahrt sogar mindern kann, wahrend langfristig optimale Subventionen von Fixkosten bestimmt werden.