A fast-Fourier-transform method of topography and interferometry is proposed. By computer processing of a noncontour type of fringe pattern, automatic discrimination is achieved between elevation and depression of the object or wave-front form, which has not been possible by the fringe-contour-generation techniques. The method has advantages over moire topography and conventional fringe-contour interferometry in both accuracy and sensitivity. Unlike fringe-scanning techniques, the method is easy to apply because it uses no moving components.

Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer-based topography and interferometry

Two-dimensional windowed Fourier transform for fringe pattern analysis: Principles, applications and implementations

Based on the conventional Euler buckling model, uniaxial compression tests have been utilized recently to measure the mechanical properties of nanowires However, owing to the increasing ratio of surface area to bulk at nanoscale, the influence of surface energy becomes prominent and should be taken into consideration In this letter, an analytical relation is given for the critical force of axial buckling of a nanowire by accounting for both the effects of surface elasticity and residual surface tension This study might be helpful to characterize the mechanical properties of nanowires or design nanobeam-based devices in a wide range of applications

Surface effects on buckling of nanowires under uniaxial compression

Surface stress effect in mechanics of nanostructured materials

Optical non-destructive testing (NDT) has gained more and more attention in recent years, mainly because of its non-destructive imaging characteristics with high precision and sensitivity. This paper provides a review of the main optical NDT technologies, including fibre optics, electronic speckle, infrared thermography, endoscopic and terahertz technology. Among them, fibre optics features easy integration and embedding, electronic speckle focuses on whole-field high precision detection, infrared thermography has unique advantages for tests of combined materials, endoscopic technology provides images of the internal surface of the object directly, and terahertz technology opens a new direction of internal NDT because of its excellent penetration capability to most of non-metallic materials. Typical engineering applications of these technologies are illustrated, with a brief introduction of the history and discussion of recent progress.

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A review of optical NDT technologies.

The mechanical properties of a nanoporous material depend not only on its porosity but also on its characteristic sizes of microstructure, e.g., the average sizes of ligaments. Classical continuum mechanics models cannot interpret this type of size dependence. We here present a unit-cell micromechanics model to predict the effective Young’s modulus of open-cell nanoporous materials. The theory of surface elasticity is adopted to incorporate the effects of surface energy and residual surface stress on the effective elastic property of nanoporous materials. This model can reasonably elucidate the relevant experimental results.

Surface effects on the elastic modulus of nanoporous materials

In-situ SEM investigation on fatigue behaviors of additive manufactured Al-Si10-Mg alloy at elevated temperature

Pulsed TV holography combined with computerized tomography (CT) are used to evaluate the three-dimensional distribution of transient acoustic fields in air. Experiments are performed with an electrical discharge between two electrodes as the sound source. Holograms from several directions of the acoustic field are recorded directly onto a CCD detector by use of a double-pulsed ruby laser as the light source. Phase maps, representing projections of the acoustic field, are evaluated quantitatively from the recorded holograms. The projections are used for the CT reconstruction to evaluate the pressure-field distribution in any cross section of the measured volume of air.

Tomographic reconstruction of transient acoustic fields recorded by pulsed TV holography

Using the theory of surface elasticity, we investigate the mechanical properties of nanoporous materials. The classical theory of porous materials is modified to account for surface effects, which become increasingly important as the characteristic sizes of microstructures shrink to nanometers. First, a refined Timoshenko beam model is presented to predict the effective elastic modulus of nanoporous materials. Then the surface effects on the elastic microstructural buckling behavior of nanoporous materials are examined. In particular, nanoporous gold is taken as an example to illustrate the application of the proposed model. The results reveal that both the elastic modulus and the critical buckling behavior of nanoporous materials exhibit a distinct dependence on the characteristic sizes of microstructures, e.g. the average ligament width.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/22/26/265714/pdf

Surface effects on the mechanical properties of nanoporous materials

If a laser beam illuminates a continual deformation object surface, it will lead to a temporal speckle pattern on the observation plane. Recording this time-dependent speckle pattern the deformation of the surface of an object can be obtained. Two methods, scanning phase method (SPM) and time sequence phase method (TSPM), have been introduced for measuring the displacement caused by the deformation in temporal speckle pattern interferometry (TSPI). Their principle is that by capturing a series of speckle interference patterns related to the object deformations, the fluctuations in the intensity of the interference patterns can be obtained. Through scanning these fluctuations and estimating both the average intensity and modulation of the temporal speckle interference patterns, the phase maps for whole-field displacements are calculated. In this way one is capable of quantitatively measuring continual displacements simply using a conventional electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) system without phase shifting or a carrier. The elaboration on the new methods is given in this paper and experiments are performed to demonstrate their performance with a conventional ESPI system.

Xide Li

Papers

Surface effects on the elastic modulus of nanoporous materials

In-situ SEM investigation on fatigue behaviors of additive manufactured Al-Si10-Mg alloy at elevated temperature

Tomographic reconstruction of transient acoustic fields recorded by pulsed TV holography

Surface effects on the mechanical properties of nanoporous materials

Continual deformation analysis with scanning phase method and time sequence phase method in temporal speckle pattern interferometry