The science and technology of ultracapacitors are reviewed for a number of electrode materials, including carbon, mixed metal oxides, and conducting polymers. More work has been done using microporous carbons than with the other materials and most of the commercially available devices use carbon electrodes and an organic electrolytes. The energy density of these devices is 3¯5 Wh/kg with a power density of 300¯500 W/kg for high efficiency (90¯95%) charge/discharges. Projections of future developments using carbon indicate that energy densities of 10 Wh/kg or higher are likely with power densities of 1¯2 kW/kg. A key problem in the fabrication of these advanced devices is the bonding of the thin electrodes to a current collector such the contact resistance is less than 0.1 cm2. Special attention is given in the paper to comparing the power density characteristics of ultracapacitors and batteries. The comparisons should be made at the same charge/discharge efficiency.

Ultracapacitors: Why, How, and Where is the Technology

Biocompatibility, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications L. Harivardhan Reddy,†,‡ Jose ́ L. Arias, Julien Nicolas,† and Patrick Couvreur*,† †Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, Universite ́ Paris-Sud XI, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculte ́ de Pharmacie, IFR 141, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Cleḿent, F-92296 Chat̂enay-Malabry, France Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmaceútica, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain ‡Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Sanofi, 13 Quai Jules Guesdes, F-94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France

Magnetic nanoparticles: design and characterization, toxicity and biocompatibility, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.

and Applications of Fullerenes, Carbon Dots, Nanotubes, Graphene, Nanodiamonds, and Combined Superstructures Vasilios Georgakilas,† Jason A. Perman,‡ Jiri Tucek,‡ and Radek Zboril*,‡ †Material Science Department, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece ‡Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic

Broad family of carbon nanoallotropes: classification, chemistry, and applications of fullerenes, carbon dots, nanotubes, graphene, nanodiamonds, and combined superstructures.

The increase in the disposal of refractory organics demands for newer technologies for the complete mineralization of these wastewaters. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) constitute a promising technology for the treatment of such wastewaters and this study presents a general review on such processes developed to decolorize and/or degrade organic pollutants. Fundamentals and main applications of typical methods such as Fenton, electro-Fenton, photo-Fenton, sono-Fenton, sono-photo-Fenton, sono-electro-Fenton and photo-electro-Fenton are discussed. This review also highlights the application of nano-zero valent iron in treating refractory compounds.

A review on Fenton and improvements to the Fenton process for wastewater treatment

Heavy metal removal from aqueous solution by advanced carbon nanotubes: Critical review of adsorption applications

High-specific-surface-area magnetic porous carbon microspheres (MPCMSs) were fabricated by annealing Fe2+-treated porous polystyrene (PS) microspheres, which were prepared using a two-step seed emulsion polymerization process. The resulting porous microspheres were then sulfonated, and Fe2+ was loaded by ion exchange, followed by annealing at 250 °C for 1 h under an ambient atmosphere to obtain the PS-250 composite. The MPCMS-500 and MPCMS-800 composites were obtained by annealing PS-250 at 500 and 800 °C for 1 h, respectively. The iron oxide in MPCMS-500 mainly existed in the form of Fe3O4, which was concluded by characterization. The MPCMS-500 carbon microspheres were used as catalysts in heterogeneous Fenton reactions to remove methylene blue (MB) from wastewater with the help of H2O2 and NH2OH. The results indicated that this catalytic system has a good performance in terms of removal of MB; it could remove 40 mg L–1 of MB within 40 min. After the reaction, the catalyst was conveniently separated from...

Preparation and characterization of magnetic porous carbon microspheres for removal of methylene blue by a heterogeneous Fenton reaction.

Development of carbon nanotubes/CoFe2O4 magnetic hybrid material for removal of tetrabromobisphenol A and Pb(II)

A one-step thermal decomposition strategy, in which a novel reductant participated, was developed to prepare superparamagnetic nearly cubic monodisperse Fe3O4 nanoparticles loaded on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs/Fe3O4). Subsequently, the as-prepared MWCNTs/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) (MWCNTs/Fe3O4–NH2). The materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and the BET surface area method. The results indicated that superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successfully loaded onto the surface of the MWCNTs, and APTS was also modified on the MWCNTs/Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites. The two as-prepared magnetic nanocomposites were used as adsorbents to remove tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and Pb(II) from wastewater. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms of TBBPA and Pb(II) on the two as-prepared adsorbents were studied at pH 7.0 and 5.3, respectively. It was revealed that MWCNTs/Fe3O4–NH2 performed better than the MWCNTs/Fe3O4 nanocomposites for the adsorption properties of TBBPA and Pb(II). After adsorption, both adsorbents could be conveniently separated from the media by an external magnetic field within several seconds, and regenerated in 0.1 M NaOH solution.

Facile synthesis of multiwall carbon nanotubes/iron oxides for removal of tetrabromobisphenol A and Pb(II)

Preparation of macroporous bead adsorbents based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan and their adsorption properties for heavy metals from aqueous solution

Novel magnetic beads based on sodium alginate gel crosslinked by zirconium(IV) and their effective removal for Pb2+ in aqueous solutions by using a batch and continuous systems

Yanfeng Li

Papers

Preparation and characterization of magnetic porous carbon microspheres for removal of methylene blue by a heterogeneous Fenton reaction.

Development of carbon nanotubes/CoFe2O4 magnetic hybrid material for removal of tetrabromobisphenol A and Pb(II)

Facile synthesis of multiwall carbon nanotubes/iron oxides for removal of tetrabromobisphenol A and Pb(II)

Preparation of macroporous bead adsorbents based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan and their adsorption properties for heavy metals from aqueous solution

Novel magnetic beads based on sodium alginate gel crosslinked by zirconium(IV) and their effective removal for Pb2+ in aqueous solutions by using a batch and continuous systems