1. Introduction 20642. Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles 20662.1. Classical Synthesis by Coprecipitation 20662.2. Reactions in Constrained Environments 20682.3. Hydrothermal and High-TemperatureReactions20692.4. Sol-Gel Reactions 20702.5. Polyol Methods 20712.6. Flow Injection Syntheses 20712.7. Electrochemical Methods 20712.8. Aerosol/Vapor Methods 20712.9. Sonolysis 20723. Stabilization of Magnetic Particles 20723.1. Monomeric Stabilizers 20723.1.1. Carboxylates 20733.1.2. Phosphates 20733.2. Inorganic Materials 20733.2.1. Silica 20733.2.2. Gold 20743.3. Polymer Stabilizers 20743.3.1. Dextran 20743.3.2. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 20753.3.3. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) 20753.3.4. Alginate 20753.3.5. Chitosan 20753.3.6. Other Polymers 20753.4. Other Strategies for Stabilization 20764. Methods of Vectorization of the Particles 20765. Structural and Physicochemical Characterization 20785.1. Size, Polydispersity, Shape, and SurfaceCharacterization20795.2. Structure of Ferro- or FerrimagneticNanoparticles20805.2.1. Ferro- and Ferrimagnetic Nanoparticles 20805.3. Use of Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents forMRI20825.3.1. High Anisotropy Model 20845.3.2. Small Crystal and Low Anisotropy EnergyLimit20855.3.3. Practical Interests of Magnetic NuclearRelaxation for the Characterization ofSuperparamagnetic Colloid20855.3.4. Relaxation of Agglomerated Systems 20856. Applications 20866.1. MRI: Cellular Labeling, Molecular Imaging(Inﬂammation, Apoptose, etc.)20866.2.

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stabilization, Vectorization, Physicochemical Characterizations, and Biological Applications

Biocompatibility, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications L. Harivardhan Reddy,†,‡ Jose ́ L. Arias, Julien Nicolas,† and Patrick Couvreur*,† †Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, Universite ́ Paris-Sud XI, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculte ́ de Pharmacie, IFR 141, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Cleḿent, F-92296 Chat̂enay-Malabry, France Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmaceútica, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain ‡Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Sanofi, 13 Quai Jules Guesdes, F-94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France

Magnetic nanoparticles: design and characterization, toxicity and biocompatibility, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.

Synthesis, properties, and applications of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

Drug targeting to tumors: Principles, pitfalls and (pre-) clinical progress

Magnetic fluid hyperthermia: focus on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.

Iron hydroxide nanoparticles coated with poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(aspartic acid) block copolymer as novel magnetic resonance contrast agents for in vivo cancer imaging

Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of experimental pancreatic tumor in vivo by block copolymer-coated magnetite nanoparticles with TGF-β inhibitor

A radiopaque dye of uniform particle diameter that without being rapidly trapped in the liver, etc, can remain in the blood for a prolonged period of time; and an iron colloid and iron-colloid-bearing polymer micelle that can be used in the radiopaque dye There is provided a process for producing an iron colloid, comprising a multistage ripening procedure including maintaining an aqueous solution of ferric chloride at 0 to 20°C and thereafter at 40 to 60°C

Process for producing iron colloid, and iron-colloid-bearing polymer micelle

A 79-year old woman was admitted with disturbed consciousness (JCS II-30). She had been given a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes 7 years previously, and was being treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. She also suffered Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Plasma glucose and HbA1c upon admission was 676mg/dl and 9.7%, respectively. Serum Na was 153mEq/l. Urine ketone body test was negative and metabolic acidosis was not observed. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma (HHNC) was diagnosed, and treatment was started immediately with normal saline infusion. Continuous infusion of regular insulin was needed to lower blood glucose. Disturbed consciousness and dehydration improved by the third hospital day. However, she became bedridden afterwards and received tube feeding. Up to 46 units of insulin was needed daily to control blood glucose. Urine C-peptide secretion was very low (10microg/day), suggesting that insulin therapy was essential for glycemic control long before admission. It is thought that a number of elderly diabetic patients who need insulin therapy do not receive or continue it for various reasons. Discussion is necessary to grasp the actual situation and defensive actions that can be taken.

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[An elderly case of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma (HHNC)].

Organic-inorganic hybrid-nanocarrier of Gd-DTPA constructing through the self-assembly of calcium phosphate and PEG-based block aniomer as pH-responsive MRI contrast agent

Yutaka Imai

Papers

Iron hydroxide nanoparticles coated with poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(aspartic acid) block copolymer as novel magnetic resonance contrast agents for in vivo cancer imaging

Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of experimental pancreatic tumor in vivo by block copolymer-coated magnetite nanoparticles with TGF-β inhibitor

Process for producing iron colloid, and iron-colloid-bearing polymer micelle

[An elderly case of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma (HHNC)].

Organic-inorganic hybrid-nanocarrier of Gd-DTPA constructing through the self-assembly of calcium phosphate and PEG-based block aniomer as pH-responsive MRI contrast agent