Characterization of a novel glyphosate-degrading bacterial species, Chryseobacterium sp. Y16C, and evaluation of its effects on microbial communities in glyphosate-contaminated soil.

Biofilm-mediated bioremediation is a powerful tool for the removal of environmental pollutants

Novel pathway of acephate degradation by the microbial consortium ZQ01 and its potential for environmental bioremediation

Novel pathway of acephate degradation by the microbial consortium ZQ01 and its potential for environmental bioremediation.

Nanobioremediation: A sustainable approach for the removal of toxic pollutants from the environment

Fipronil is a broad-spectrum phenyl-pyrazole insecticide that is widely used in agriculture. However, in the environment, its residues are toxic to aquatic animals, crustaceans, bees, termites, rabbits, lizards, and humans, and it has been classified as a C carcinogen. Due to its residual environmental hazards, various effective approaches, such as adsorption, ozone oxidation, catalyst coupling, inorganic plasma degradation, and microbial degradation, have been developed. Biodegradation is deemed to be the most effective and environmentally friendly method, and several pure cultures of bacteria and fungi capable of degrading fipronil have been isolated and identified, including Streptomyces rochei, Paracoccus sp., Bacillus firmus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus spp., Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila, and Aspergillus glaucus. The metabolic reactions of fipronil degradation appear to be the same in different bacteria and are mainly oxidation, reduction, photolysis, and hydrolysis. However, the enzymes and genes responsible for the degradation are somewhat different. The ligninolytic enzyme MnP, the cytochrome P450 enzyme, and esterase play key roles in different strains of bacteria and fungal. Many unanswered questions exist regarding the environmental fate and degradation mechanisms of this pesticide. The genes and enzymes responsible for biodegradation remain largely unexplained, and biomolecular techniques need to be applied in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of these issues. In this review, we summarize the literature on the degradation of fipronil, focusing on biodegradation pathways and identifying the main knowledge gaps that currently exist in order to inform future research. KEY POINTS: • Biodegradation is a powerful tool for the removal of fipronil. • Oxidation, reduction, photolysis, and hydrolysis play key roles in the degradation of fipronil. • Possible biochemical pathways of fipronil in the environment are described.

Biodegradation of fipronil: current state of mechanisms of biodegradation and future perspectives

The herbicide butachlor has been used in huge quantities worldwide, affecting various environmental systems. Butachlor residues have been detected in soil, water, and organisms, and have been shown to be toxic to these non-target organisms. This paper briefly summarizes the toxic effects of butachlor on aquatic and terrestrial animals, including humans, and proposes the necessity of its removal from the environment. Due to long-term exposure, some animals, plants, and microorganisms have developed resistance toward butachlor, indicating that the toxicity of this herbicide can be reduced. Furthermore, we can consider removing butachlor residues from the environment by using such butachlor-resistant organisms. In particular, microbial degradation methods have attracted much attention, with about 30 kinds of butachlor-degrading microorganisms have been found, such as Fusarium solani, Novosphingobium chloroacetimidivorans, Chaetomium globosum, Pseudomonas putida, Sphingomonas chloroacetimidivorans, and Rhodococcus sp. The metabolites and degradation pathways of butachlor have been investigated. In addition, enzymes associated with butachlor degradation have been identified, including CndC1 (ferredoxin), Red1 (reductase), FdX1 (ferredoxin), FdX2 (ferredoxin), Dbo (debutoxylase), and catechol 1,2 dioxygenase. However, few reviews have focused on the microbial degradation and molecular mechanisms of butachlor. This review explores the biochemical pathways and molecular mechanisms of butachlor biodegradation in depth in order to provide new ideas for repairing butachlor-contaminated environments. • Biodegradation is a powerful tool for the removal of butachlor. • Dechlorination plays a key role in the degradation of butachlor. • Possible biochemical pathways of butachlor in the environment are described.

Current insights into the microbial degradation for butachlor: strains, metabolic pathways, and molecular mechanisms

Diazinon is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used to control cabbage insects, cotton aphids and underground pests. The continuous application of diazinon in agricultural activities has caused both ecological risk and biological hazards in the environment. Diazinon can be degraded via physical and chemical methods such as photocatalysis, adsorption and advanced oxidation. The microbial degradation of diazinon is found to be more effective than physicochemical methods for its complete clean-up from contaminated soil and water environments. The microbial strains belonging to Ochrobactrum sp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Lactobacillus brevis, Serratia marcescens, Aspergillus niger, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Rhodotorula rubra were found to be very promising for the ecofriendly removal of diazinon. The degradation pathways of diazinon and the fate of several metabolites were investigated. In addition, a variety of diazinon-degrading enzymes, such as hydrolase, acid phosphatase, laccase, cytochrome P450, and flavin monooxygenase were also discovered to play a crucial role in the biodegradation of diazinon. However, many unanswered questions still exist regarding the environmental fate and degradation mechanisms of this pesticide. The catalytic mechanisms responsible for enzymatic degradation remain unexplained, and ecotechnological techniques need to be applied to gain a comprehensive understanding of these issues. Hence, this review article provides in-depth information about the impact and toxicity of diazinon in living systems and discusses the developed ecotechnological remedial methods used for the effective biodegradation of diazinon in a contaminated environment.

Zhe Zhou

Papers

Novel pathway of acephate degradation by the microbial consortium ZQ01 and its potential for environmental bioremediation.

Biodegradation of fipronil: current state of mechanisms of biodegradation and future perspectives

Current insights into the microbial degradation for butachlor: strains, metabolic pathways, and molecular mechanisms

Environmental Occurrence, Toxicity Concerns, and Degradation of Diazinon Using a Microbial System.