The zeta potential (ZP) of colloidal systems and nano-medicines, as well as their particle size exert a major effect on the various properties of nano-drug delivery systems. Not only the stability of dosage forms and their release rate are affected but also their circulation in the blood stream and absorption into body membranes are dramatically altered by ZP. In this paper the effect of ZP on the various properties of nano-medicines are reviewed. Furthermore, the ability of employing zeta potential to target drug delivery systems to, and drug release at specific sites of the body are discussed.

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Effect of Zeta Potential on the Properties of Nano-Drug Delivery Systems - A Review (Part 2)

The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the chitosan based nanoparticles for various non-parenteral applications and also to put a spotlight on current research including sustained release and mucoadhesive chitosan dosage forms. Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer regarded as safe for human dietary use and approved for wound dressing applications. Chitosan has been used as a carrier in polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery through various routes of administration. Chitosan has chemical functional groups that can be modified to achieve specific goals, making it a polymer with a tremendous range of potential applications. Nanoparticles (NP) prepared with chitosan and chitosan derivatives typically possess a positive surface charge and mucoadhesive properties such that can adhere to mucus membranes and release the drug payload in a sustained release manner. Chitosan-based NP have various applications in non-parenteral drug delivery for the treatment of cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, pulmonary diseases, drug delivery to the brain and ocular infections which will be exemplified in this review. Chitosan shows low toxicity both in vitro and some in vivo models. This review explores recent research on chitosan based NP for non-parenteral drug delivery, chitosan properties, modification, toxicity, pharmacokinetics and preclinical studies.

https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/9/4/53/pdf

An Overview of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Its Application in Non-Parenteral Drug Delivery

Targeted delivery of low molecular drugs using chitosan and its derivatives.

Design and applications of interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels. A review

Hyaluronic acid for anticancer drug and nucleic acid delivery.

Preparation, characterization, and oral delivery of insulin loaded carboxylated chitosan grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles

Hyaluronic acid coated poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles as anticancer drug carriers

Biodegradable Nanoparticles Based on Linoleic Acid and Poly(β-malic acid) Double Grafted Chitosan Derivatives as Carriers of Anticancer Drugs

The swelling of a superporous hydrogel containing poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/O-carboxymethyl chitosan interpenetrating polymer networks (SPH-IPN) was sensitive toward the pH, ionic strength, and temperature stimuli. With insulin as a model drug, polymer–protein interaction was detected, and it was physical rather than covalent. Freezing water was the majority of the imbibed water in the swollen SPH-IPNs, and the water-retention ability of the polymer against compression and time of exposure at 37°C was improved as the amount of the O-carboxymethyl chitosan network increased. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on AD293 and RBL-2H3 cells and an in situ lactate dehydrogenase assay and morphological study on rat intestine confirmed that the SPH-IPNs had satisfactory biocompatibility. These pronounced properties suggested that the SPH-IPNs could be developed as an attractive peroral delivery vehicle for peptide and protein drugs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

Polymer–protein interaction, water retention, and biocompatibility of a stimuli‐sensitive superporous hydrogel containing interpenetrating polymer networks

Background 101BHG-D01 is a novel selective anti-muscarinic (M) 3 receptor-blocking drug. 101BHG-D01 nasal spray is intended to be used to relieve sneezing and runny nose symptoms caused by allergic rhinitis. Methods In this study, we examined the plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and major excretion mode of 101BHG-D01 in Beagle dogs and rats following nasal spray and intranasal administration, respectively, using HPLC-MS/MS. Results/Discussion We found that the pharmacokinetics of 101BHG-D01 was linear in dogs. 101BHG-D01 entered the bloodstream rapidly following nasal spray. Its plasma half-life was approximately 6 h and resided at least 24 h in the body. Moreover, 101BHG-D01 retained a significant amount in the nasal cavity. Finally, we found that 101BHG-D01 was eliminated mainly in the form of stools in rats. Conclusion In conclusion, we provided pertinent reference information regarding the design and optimization of drug delivery regimens for clinical trials.

Ziming Zhao

Papers

Preparation, characterization, and oral delivery of insulin loaded carboxylated chitosan grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles

Hyaluronic acid coated poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles as anticancer drug carriers

Biodegradable Nanoparticles Based on Linoleic Acid and Poly(β-malic acid) Double Grafted Chitosan Derivatives as Carriers of Anticancer Drugs

Polymer–protein interaction, water retention, and biocompatibility of a stimuli‐sensitive superporous hydrogel containing interpenetrating polymer networks

Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Nasal Spray of a Novel Muscarinic Receptor Blocker, 101BHG-D01, in Dogs and Rats