Showing papers by "Albion College published in 1995"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined whether people are unrealistically optimistic only for their own future or whether they are optimistic for the future of any individual, and found that unrealistic optimism is a form of self-enhancement rather than person positivity bias.
Abstract: Researchers interested in unrealistic optimism disagree on whether the phenomenon reflects self-enhancement or person positivity. Past research in this area has used a paradigm that confounds the self/other dimension with the individual aggregate dimension, making it difficult to determine which alternative is correct. Two studies examined whether people are unrealistically optimistic only for their own futures or whether they are unrealistically optimistic for the future of any individual. Study 1 revealed that, in comparison with an aggregate of same-sex peers, participants were unrealistically optimistic for their own and a close friend's futures but not for the future of a non-self-relevant other Study 2 employed unconfounded measures and demonstrated that, in comparison with other individual social objects, participants continued to be unrealistically optimistic for their own futures. These results suggest that unrealistic optimism is a form of self-enhancement rather than person positivity bias.
112 citations
TL;DR: For instance, this article found that more women than men view female sexual desire as caused by external factors than male sexual desire, and that both men and women believe that male and female sexual desires have different causes: intraindividual and erotic environmental factors are believed to cause male desire, but interpersonal and romantic environmental factors, while women, but not men, view femininity as a sexually desirable female characteristic.
Abstract: Little is known about the beliefs men and women have about the causes of sexual desire, despite the interpersonal and individual significance of those beliefs. Participants in this study received a definition of sexual desire and answered a set of free-response questions exploring their beliefs about the causal antecedents of male and female sexual desire. The results indicated that more women than men view female (and male) sexual desire as caused by external factors. In addition, both men and women believe that male and female sexual desire have different causes: intraindividual and erotic environmental factors are believed to cause male sexual desire, but interpersonal and romantic environmental factors are believed to cause female sexual desire. Although both men and women view physical attractiveness and overall personality as sexually desirable male and female characteristics, women, but not men, view femininity as a sexually desirable female characteristic, and men, but not women, view social and financial power or status as a sexually desirable male attribute.
103 citations
TL;DR: The authors compare the taphonomy of vertebrate assemblages from two long continental records, the early Paleogene of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, and the Neogene Siwalik sequence of northern Pakistan.
32 citations
TL;DR: VanYperen et al. as discussed by the authors found that men and women generally agreed about the value of the contributions made by themselves and their partners and that gender differences in the perceived value of many contributions depended on whether the contribution was made by self or partner.
Abstract: Little research has directly addressed the role of gender in perceptions of self vs. partner's contributions to a relationship, despite the fact that partners in heterosexual relationships often disagree about whether their relative contributions result in an equitable relationship [N. W. VanYperen and B. P. Buunk (1990), “A Longitudinal Study of Equity and Satisfaction in Intimate Relationships,” European Journal of Social Psychology,Vol. 20, pp. 287–309]. The primary purpose of this investigation was to systematically examine the association between gender and the perceived value of several different types of contributions made by each partner to a committed relationship. We considered both the gender of the perceiver and the source of the contributions (self vs. partner). A sample of 212 men and 348 women (most of whom were college students; 87% white) were asked to judge the value of their own and their partner's hypothetical contributions to a marital or long-term cohabiting relationship. The results indicated that men and women generally agreed about the value of the contributions made by themselves and their partners. However, gender differences in the perceived value of many contributions depended on whether the contribution was made by self or partner (e.g., men attributed more worth to their partner's sexual faithfulness than to their own, whereas women believed that both partners should receive equal value for this contribution). These perceptual differences suggest that at times it may be difficult for partners to agree about the equity of their ongoing relationships.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors thank Bonnie Lacey, Jennifer LaMarra, Jo Nelson, and Annie Williford of Kendon Elementry School for their contributions to the project.
Abstract: 1We thank Bonnie Lacey, Jennifer LaMarra, Jo Nelson, Annie Williford of Kendon Elementry School for their contributions.
10 citations
TL;DR: Miconia howardiana, which is known only from a diverse moist montane forest in the vicinity of Loma Trocha de Pey (or “Monteada Nueva”), the easternmost peak of the Sierra de Baoruco, is described and illustrated.
Abstract: Miconia howardiana, which is known only from a diverse moist montane forest in the vicinity of Loma Trocha de Pey (or “Monteada Nueva”), the easternmost peak of the Sierra de Baoruco, is described and illustrated. It is compared to phenetically similar (and probably phylogenetically related) species of theMiconia favosa complex, i.e.,M. favosa, M. xenotricha, M. campanensis M. Sintenisii, M. foveolata, andM. pycnoneura. The species of this complex are characterized by bullate leaves with frequently cordate bases and often six secondary veins. Most species also have large berries and flowers, 5-locular ovaries, large inflorescence bracts and bracteoles, and more or less dendritic multicellular hairs.
7 citations