Showing papers in "Brittonia in 1995"
151 citations
TL;DR: The size, high level of endemism, and life history of the family are discussed, and the distributions of two species in Mexico are used to illustrate the need for concerted collecting efforts.
Abstract: The largely tropical Podostemaceae occur in a unique habitat for angiosperms: attached to rocks in river rapids and waterfalls. Little taxonomic work has been published on New World Podostemaceae since Van Royen's monograph in the early 1950s. A paucity of complete herbarium material severely limits taxonomic study and precludes addressing a range of enigmatic ecological and evolutionary issues that relate to the family. The size, high level of endemism, and life history of the family are discussed. The distributions of two species in Mexico are used to illustrate the need for concerted collecting efforts. Recommendations for collection strategies are made that reflect the unusual habitat and life history of these plants.
140 citations
57 citations
53 citations
TL;DR: The tribal name Bocageeae Endlicher is reestablished and the tribe is circumscribed on the basis of solitary internodal ebracteate pedicels that are articulated at the base, and pollen shed in polyads of eight or more grains.
Abstract: The tribal name Bocageeae Endlicher is reestablished and the tribe is circumscribed on the basis of solitary internodal ebracteate pedicels that are articulated at the base, and pollen shed in polyads of eight or more grains. Septate anther locules, large pollen size, and seed appendages are prevalent in the tribe. Intectate pollen with free-standing columellae, rare in Annonaceae, occurs not only in the genusTrigynaea but also in some species ofBocagea andHornschuchia. As defined here, the Bocageeae include seven neotropical genera:Cymbopetalum, Porcelia, Bocagea, Cardiopetalum, Froesiodendron, Hornschuchia, andTrigynaea. The latter five genera are revised and the treatments include ten new species:Cardiopetalum plicatum, Froesiodendron urceocalyx, Hornschuchia lianarum, H. santosii, H. leptandra, Trigynaea cinnamomea, T. lanceipetala, T. triplinervis, T. lagaropoda, andT. axilliflora, all from tropical South America. A new combination,Froesiodendron longicuspe, changes the rank of that taxon from subspecies to species.Cardiopetalum surinamense is removed fromFroesiodendron and reassigned toCardiopetalum on the basis of its connate petals, dehiscent monocarps, and seeds with bilobed arils. A cladogram provides an explicit hypothesis of intergeneric relationships in the tribe. The new combinationOnychopetalum periquino, based onTrigynaea periquino, is made.
40 citations
TL;DR: A new genus and species of Dipterocarpaceae, Pseudomonotes tropenbosii, from Amazonian Colombia is described and illustrated, which is the second reported occurrence of a member of the family in the Neotropics.
Abstract: A new genus and species of Dipterocarpaceae,Pseudomonotes tropenbosii, from Amazonian Colombia is described and illustrated. This new taxon, which appears most closely related to the subfamily Monotoideae, is the second reported occurrence of a member of the family in the Neotropics. The new entity differs from the rest of the Dipterocarpaceae in the absence of fasciculate trichomes and in having sepals conspicuously aliform (reaching 10–16 cm in length) and one ovule per locule with nearly basal (sub-basal) placentation.
32 citations
TL;DR: The results of this study support the utility of sampling of populations in comparative wood anatomy and suggest that the infrageneric classification ofTapirira should be reevaluated.
Abstract: A wood anatomical study of the Mexican species ofTapirira was undertaken to uncover evidence to help clarify the systematics of the genus. Three to five individuals of each of 10 populations from throughout the range of the genus in Mexico were studied. For comparative purposes, three Central and South American species were also examined. Cluster analysis showed that the genus in Mexico can be separated into two phenetic units, represented byT. mexicana, a species widely distributed in Mexico, andT. chimalapana, a species endemic to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Canonical discriminant and factor analyses indicate that the quantitative wood characters most useful in distinguishing these species are wall thickness of fibers and vessels, diameter of fiber lumen, and diameter and frequency of radial canals. These species also differ in presence/absence of tannins in the fibers and color and specific gravity of the wood. The South American species,Tapirira bethanniana, T. guianensis, andT. obtusa, have wood anatomy similar to that ofT. chimalapana. The differences in the wood anatomical characters betweenT. mexicana and the other taxa suggest that the infrageneric classification ofTapirira should be reevaluated. The results of this study support the utility of sampling of populations in comparative wood anatomy.
31 citations
TL;DR: Intermediate achene structures and other evidence support both the hybrid origin of B. novae-angliae (=B. fluviatilis × B. robustus) and hybridization between B. glaucus and B. maritimus.
Abstract: Surface and transverse section achene structures ofBolboschoenus maritimus, B. robustus, B. fluviatilis, B. novae-angliae, B. glaucus, and the putative hybridsB. maritimus × B. rubustus andB. glaucus × B. maritimus from North America are described and illustrated with SEM micrographs. The same three type of pericarp structure reported by Browning and Gordon-Gray (1993) from southern Africa were found except that the “type 2” (B. glaucus) was not matched precisely. Intermediate achene structures and other evidence support both the hybrid origin ofB. novae-angliae (=B. fluviatilis × B. robustus) and hybridization betweenB. glaucus andB. maritimus. The new combinationBolboschoenus novae-angliae is made.
29 citations
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TL;DR: This compilat ion is a listing of accepted names of lignicolous, corticioid fungi known from North America, with 1163 species in 54 families and 21 orders treated alphabetically by genus and alphabetically within each genus.
Abstract: This compilat ion is a listing of accepted names of lignicolous, corticioid fungi known from North America, with 1163 species in 54 families and 21 orders treated alphabetically by genus and alphabetically within each genus. Family placement is given, as are the basionym, synonyms, anamorphs where known, distribution, hosts, ecology, cultural characters where known (as species codes in the familiar format developed by Nobles), and references directing the user to original reports. Some introductory pages are devoted to a discussion o f the impetus for the book, the taxonomic scheme employed in the listing, an evaluation of the numbers of these kinds o f fungi, and comments about the ecology o f cort icioid fungi. Addi t ional pages are devoted to methods employed in formatting the list, including sections discussing in more detail the major headings under each taxon listed. Five tables are distr ibuted throughout the introductory material and include an alphabetical listing o f orders, families, and genera treated; new combinations and new names proposed; abbreviations of author 's names; abbreviations o f districts, provinces, and states; and the numerical code symbols for cultural characters. The main body of the text is devoted to the listing o f the taxa. This is followed by an annotated list of excluded names, references cited, and a genusspecies index, as well as a species index. The authors are to be congratulated for assembling these data from disparate sources and providing a convenient, straightforward synthesis o f the heterogeneous but ubiquitous, lignicolous cort icioid fung i . -Roy E. HALLmG, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458-5126, U.S.A.
24 citations
TL;DR: Parsimony analyses of the molecular data base indicate that Surianaceae sensu Cronquist are paraphyletic; inclusion of Recchia rendered the family monophyletic, and suggest that the affinities of Surian Families lie in a clade comprising at least Polygalaceae, Fabaceae, andQuillaja.
Abstract: Sequence data for the rbcL locus were obtained for two of the three species of the Mexican endemicRecchia. Parsimony analyses of the molecular data base indicate that Surianaceae sensu Cronquist are paraphyletic; inclusion ofRecchia rendered the family monophyletic. This placement is corroborated by a suite of morphological characters: an apocarpous (or monocarpic), gynoecium of bi-ovulate carpels with basal-marginal placentation and a ventrobasal style, and the occurrence in all butGuilfoylia of a characteristic 3-layered endocarp. The molecular data support a closer relationship betweenRecchia and the AustralianCadellia than between the latter and any of the other Australian genera. The molecular data suggest that the affinities of Surianaceae lie in a clade comprising at least Polygalaceae, Fabaceae, andQuillaja.
22 citations
TL;DR: Similar sclerotic parenchyma make up the achenial wings of species in both genera and may be interpreted as homologous structures, indicating the underlying similarity of these taxa and their derivation from a common ancestral stock.
Abstract: The capitular and floral morphology and anatomy ofBidens L. andCoreopsis L. were studied. All the North American species ofCoreopsis were studied. Selected species ofBidens from North and South America andCoreopsis from South America were included. The results were compared with previous observations on African species ofBidens (incl.Coreopsis). Emphasis was given to character states of the ray florets, paleae, stylearm apices, outer phyllaries, achenes, and pollen grains. Some of the character states are unique features ofCoreopsis, e.g., globular and elongately conical receptacles, deltoid outer phyllaries, truncate and indistinctly 3–5-dentate, 3–4-lobed ray florets, narrowly spathulate paleae, subulate paleae with linear-filiform upper half, hairy and apically 3-cleft paleae, truncate, convex or shallowly conical stylearm apices with the sweeping hairs limited to the area above the stigmatic surfaces and the orbicular to circular achenes. The cylindric setaceous pappus bristles so commonly encountered inBidens are unknown inCoreopsis. The pappus bristles inCoreopsis are paleaceous but similar, though thicker ones are also found in African species ofBidens (incl.Coreopsis) with winged achenes. Twin-celled hairs (setulae) with differing degrees of wall thickness are found on the achenes ofCoreopsis sect.Pseudoagarista (Mexico and South America),Coreopsis sect.Pugiopappus (California), AfricanBidens with winged achenes (e.g.,B. prestinaria, B. macroptera) and some North AmericanBidens (e.g.,B. aristosa). Similar sclerotic parenchyma make up the achenial wings of species in both genera. These may be interpreted as homologous structures, indicating the underlying similarity of these taxa and their derivation from a common ancestral stock.
TL;DR: Petunia guarapuavensis, a new species fromplanalto (high plateau) of Paraná and Santa Catarina in Brazil, is described and its morphological distinction from related species, features of the habitats, and geographical distribution are discussed.
Abstract: Petunia guarapuavensis, a new species fromplanalto (high plateau) of Parana and Santa Catarina in Brazil, is described, and its morphological distinction from related species, features of the habitats, and geographical distribution are discussed.
TL;DR: New distributional recores of hydroxycinnamoyl spermidines (HCS), including novel trisubstituted HCSs and flavonol glycosides, in pollen of Higher Hamamelidae are presented and support a close evolutionary relationship between the HigherHamamelidae and the Rosidae.
Abstract: New distributional recores of hydroxycinnamoyl spermidines (HCS), including novel trisubstituted HCSs and flavonol glycosides, in pollen of Higher Hamamelidae are presented The 51 taxa analyzed by HPLC and TLC included members of the families Fagaceae (Castanoideae, Fagoideae, Quercoideae), Betulaceae, Juglandaceae, Myricaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Rosaceae, and Buxaceae (Simmondsia) The results support generic concepts in the Higher Hamamelidae derived from morphological and chloroplast DNA data and support a close evolutionary relationship between the Higher Hamamelidae and the Rosidae
TL;DR: Bactris plumeriana andB.
Abstract: Three species ofBactris are recognized in the Greater Antilles:B. cubensis (from Cuba),B. plumeriana (from Hispaniola), andB. jamaicana (from Jamaica). A cladistic analysis of the non-ocreate clade—i.e.,Bactris cubensis, B. plumeriana, B. jamaicana, B. macana, andB. gasipaes—confirmed that the Greater Antillean species ofBactris form a monophyletic group, i.e., the Antillean clade. Synapomorphies supporting the Antillean clade are mesocarp and endocarp fibers numerous, parallel, predominantly narrow, few broad, extending the entire length of the endocarp; and leaf segments 45–80 per side of rachis. The presence of fiber-sclereids in the leaf lamina, and petals of the staminate flowers ovate to ovatetrullate, with sparsely branched fibers, may represent additional synapomorphies.Bactris plumeriana andB. jamaicana are hypothesized to be sister species, a grouping weakly supported by their short anthers. Each species has at least one autapomorphy; therefore, all are considered to be a cladospecies. Noteworthy interpopulational variation occurs withinBactris plumeriana andB. cubensis.
TL;DR: It is apparent that the rate of monograph production is neither sufficient to supply the need for information about the plants of the Neotropics nor fast enough to keep ahead of the rapid destruction of Neotropical habitats.
Abstract: The Organization for Flora Neotropica (OFN) is a UNESCO Category B organization with the mission of, among other things, providing published information about the plants and fungi of the New World tropics (Neotropics). OFN was established in 1964, largely through the efforts of Drs. Jose Cuatrecasas and F. Raymond Fosberg. Beginning with the first Flora Neotropica monograph (a treatment ofSwartzia by R. S. Cowan in 1968), 67 volumes treating 905 species of fungi, 18 species of lichens, 228 species of bryophytes, and 5971 species of flowering plants have been published. Despite this impressive record of accomplishment, it is apparent that the rate of monograph production is neither sufficient to supply the need for information about the plants of the Neotropics nor fast enough to keep ahead of the rapid destruction of Neotropical habitats. Recommendations are made for improving the productivity of OFN.
TL;DR: Six new combinations are proposed under Salix eriocephala, which includes four species, one with six varieties and another with two varieties, that occurs in most of North America.
Abstract: Salix sectionCordatae subsectionLuteae includes 10 taxa and occurs in most of North America. The taxa are here treated as four species, one with six varieties and another with two varieties. Six new combinations are proposed underSalix eriocephala.
TL;DR: Comparisons of the wood, bark, and pith anatomy ofseudomonotes with data from the literature and reference wood slides, coupled with the use of computer-aided identification keys, support the view that its closest relationships probably are within the family Dipterocarpaceae.
Abstract: An examination of the external morphology of a recent collection from Araracuara, Colombia, has suggested that the plant belongs to the primarily Old World family Dipterocarpaceae. A study of the wood, bark, and pith anatomy of this new taxon,Pseudomonotes tropenbosii Londono, Alvarez & Forero, was undertaken to help confirm its systematic affinities. Comparisons ofPseudomonotes with data from the literature and reference wood slides, coupled with the use of computer-aided identification keys, support the view that its closest relationships probably are within the family Dipterocarpaceae. Detailed anatomical comparisons have revealed thatPseudomonotes' relationships are most likely to be with the subfamily Monotoideae, comprised of the African generaMonotes A. DC. andMarquesia Gilg.
TL;DR: A systematic review of the Colombian species of the tribe Pterideae (Pteridaceae) resulted in the discovery of two new species of Pteris: P. muricatopedata and P. albertiae, both in the Deflexa group.
Abstract: A systematic review of the Colombian species of the tribe Pterideae (Pteridaceae) resulted in the discovery of two new species ofPteris:P. muricatopedata andP. albertiae, both in the Deflexa group. Two species are reported for the first time from Colombia:P. bakeri C. Chr. andP. lechleri Mett.
TL;DR: Tapirira chimalapana is a new species of tree common in the rain forests and lower montane forests of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in the Mexican states of Veracruz and Oaxaca.
Abstract: Tapirira chimalapana is a new species of tree common in the rain forests and lower montane forests of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in the Mexican states of Veracruz and Oaxaca. It is most similar to the AndeanT. guianensis Aubl. subsp.subandina Barfod & Holm-Niels. but differs from this and all other congeners by having larger petals on pistillate flowers than on staminate flowers and by pubescence features. Details of field characteristics, distribution, ecology, phenology, germination, and local names and uses are included.
TL;DR: A reevaluation of floral and vegetative morphology together with data from analysis of floral fragrance and flavonoid co-pigment chemistry suggest that specific status is warranted for the two kinds of Phalaenopsis violacea known informally as the “Bornean type” and the ”Malayan type.
Abstract: A reevaluation of floral and vegetative morphology together with data from analysis of floral fragrance and flavonoid co-pigment chemistry suggest that specific status is warranted for the two kinds ofPhalaenopsis violacea Witte known informally as the “Bornean type” and the “Malayan type.”Phalaenopsis violacea var.bellina Rchb.f. is elevated to specific rank, providing a name for the “Bornean type” plants.
TL;DR: Miconia howardiana, which is known only from a diverse moist montane forest in the vicinity of Loma Trocha de Pey (or “Monteada Nueva”), the easternmost peak of the Sierra de Baoruco, is described and illustrated.
Abstract: Miconia howardiana, which is known only from a diverse moist montane forest in the vicinity of Loma Trocha de Pey (or “Monteada Nueva”), the easternmost peak of the Sierra de Baoruco, is described and illustrated. It is compared to phenetically similar (and probably phylogenetically related) species of theMiconia favosa complex, i.e.,M. favosa, M. xenotricha, M. campanensis M. Sintenisii, M. foveolata, andM. pycnoneura. The species of this complex are characterized by bullate leaves with frequently cordate bases and often six secondary veins. Most species also have large berries and flowers, 5-locular ovaries, large inflorescence bracts and bracteoles, and more or less dendritic multicellular hairs.
TL;DR: Elatine paramoana, a new species from the high Andean region of the Cordillera Oriental in Colombia, is described, illustrated, and compared to its nearest relatives, E. ecuadoriensis and E. fassettiana.
Abstract: Elatine paramoana, a new species from the high Andean region of the Cordillera Oriental in Colombia, is described, illustrated, and compared to its nearest relatives,E. ecuadoriensis andE. fassettiana. Notes on morphological variation and general ecology and a key to the central and northern Andes species are also given.
TL;DR: The history of the collections in the Library of The New York Botanical Garden includes the acquisition of previously accumulated collections as well as individual items acquired in the normal course of collection development as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The history of the collections in the Library of The New York Botanical Garden includes the acquisition of previously accumulated collections as well as individual items acquired in the normal course of collection development. Particularly during the first 50 years of the institution, collections of library materials were acquired along with herbaria specimens, and, occasionally, collections of living plants, assembled by an individual as part of his or her personal research interests. While curatorial practice dictates that such an assemblage of research materials be separated when shifted from individual to institutional curatorship, the knowledge of the whole of the collection as received may fill in the background pattern of institutional collection development. A chronological table of these collections is appended, including reference to any extended discussion or listing.
TL;DR: Its distinctive combination of fleshy fruit and narrow, linear, denticulate leaves sets it apart from all other yuccas.
Abstract: Yucca linearifolia is described, illustrated, and distinguished from other yucca species. Its distinctive combination of fleshy fruit and narrow, linear, denticulate leaves sets it apart from all other yuccas.
TL;DR: Three species ofArracacia—A.
Abstract: Three species ofArracacia—A. hintonii, A. colombiana, andA. tillettii—from Mexico, Colombia, and Venezuela, respectively, are described as new, andCoulterophytum brevipes Coulter & Rose is transferred toArracacia asA. quadrifida, nom. nov. and comb. nov.
TL;DR: A new species, Thenardia chiapensis, is described, the first taxon in the genus to have its fruits, two fused follicles, described and illustrated.
Abstract: A new species,Thenardia chiapensis, is described and illustrated. The new species is the first taxon in the genus to have its fruits, two fused follicles, described and illustrated. In addition, observations ofT. floribunda specimens have revealed the existence of a novel character, coiled filaments, previously undescribed for the genus.