Animal Research Institute

About: Animal Research Institute is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Babesia bovis. The organization has 1512 authors who have published 2109 publications receiving 55683 citations.

Development of tick gut forms of Babesia bigemina in vitro.

Abstract: Development of a laboratory cultured tick-transmissible strain of Babesia bigemina was followed in vitro after addition of gut material from engorged female Boophilus microplus ticks and incubation at 37 degrees C. Sequential development of stages, from intraerythrocytic strahlenkorper through multiplication to the fusion of what is assumed to be two gametes, is described. A change in physical environment (temperature, gas composition) experienced during passage of Babesia stages into the in vitro culture tubes possibly mimics the changes experienced in passage from host blood to the midgut of the tick vector. The effect in vitro was to induce the erythrocytic parasites to remain inactive at a trophozoite-like stage. Addition of factor(s) within midgut initiated further development of strahlenkorper. Two populations of strahlenkorper were recognized; an elongated form which did not appear to develop further, and a polymorphic population which underwent further multiplication initiated while the parasites were still within the erythrocyte, and continuing after they had emerged. These strahlenkorper increased in size as multiple division of nuclei occurred. with cell division being completed more slowly. Large aggregations of multinucleated strahlenkorper formed, but once division was complete, single-nucleated strahlenkorper emerged from the aggregates. Two individuals of post-aggregation strahlenkorper, assumed to be gametes, fused together. The morphology and ultrastructure of all stages of development are described and compared with forms already described from the tick midgut.

The nutritional quality of two types of fish silage for broiler chickens

Abstract: Fish waste was ensiled either by acidification with formic acid or by fermentation with a bacterial starter culture and molasses. The resulting liquids were mixed with wheat bran (85:15 w/w liquid: bran) and dried (70°C) to produce acid silage meal (ASM) and fermented silage meal (FSM). ASM and FSM were incorporated into wheat-based diets at 25, 50 and 100 g kg−1 at the expense of soya bean meal. There were two control diets, one which contained soya bean meal as the predominant protein supplement and a second in which fish meal (50 g kg−1) was added at the expense of some of the soya bean meal. Starter diets (13.25 MJ ME kg−1, 12 g kg−1 lysine) were fed from 1-day-old to 21-days-old and finisher diets (13.25 MJ ME kg−1, 9.5 g kg−1 lysine) were fed from 22 to 42-days-old to six replicates each of five birds. Birds were reared in raised-wire cages, and feed intake, liveweight and mortality were recorded. There were no significant effects of dietary inclusion of either ASM and FSM on the performance of broiler chickens relative to those fed on control diets. FSM contained less crude protein and amino acids than ASM. The recovery of amino acids relative to the total crude protein content from FSM was only 78.7%, presumably as a result of formation of Maillard reaction products during drying.