Ashurst LLP

About: Ashurst LLP is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Common law & Boundary element method. The organization has 90 authors who have published 93 publications receiving 1857 citations. The organization is also known as: Ashurst.

Association study of a dopamine transporter polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in UK and Turkish samples.

Abstract: Molecular genetic studies in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have focussed on candidate genes within the dopamine system, which is thought to be the main site of action of stimulant drugs, the primary pharmacological treatment of the disorder.1 Of particular interest are findings with the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1), since stimulant drugs interact directly with the transporter protein.2,3 To date, there have been eight published association studies of ADHD with a 480 base-pair allele of a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the 3′-untranslated region of the gene, five4–8 that support an association and three9–11 against. We have analysed the same VNTR marker in a dataset of UK Caucasian children and an independent dataset of Turkish Caucasian children with DSM-IV ADHD, using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT).12 Results from the UK (χ2 = 8.97, P = 0.001, OR = 1.95), but not the Turkish sample (χ2 = 0.93, P = 0.34) support association and linkage between genetic variation at the DAT1 locus and ADHD. When considered alongside evidence from other published reports, there is only modest evidence for the association, consistent with a very small main effect for the 480-bp allele (χ2 = 3.45, P = 0.06, OR = 1.15), however we find significant evidence of heterogeneity between the combined dataset (χ2 = 22.64, df = 8, P = 0.004).

How Do Legal Rules Evolve? Evidence from a Cross-Country Comparison of Shareholder, Creditor and Worker Protection

Abstract: Much attention has been devoted in recent literature to the claim that a country’s ‘legal origin’ may make a difference to its pattern of financial development and more generally to its economic growth path. Proponents of this view assert that the ‘family’ within which a country’s legal system originated, be it common law, or one of the varieties of civil law, has a significant impact upon the quality of its legal protection of shareholders, which in turn impacts upon economic growth, through the channel of firms’ access to external finance. Complementary studies of creditors’ rights and labour regulation have buttressed the core claim that different legal families have different dynamic properties. Specifically, common law systems are thought to be better able to respond to the changing needs of a market economy than are civilian systems. This literature has, however, largely been based upon cross-sectional studies of the quality of corporate, insolvency and labour law at particular points in the late 1990s. In this paper, we report findings based on newly constructed indices which track legal change over time in the areas of shareholder, creditor and worker protection. The indices cover five systems for the period 1970-2005: three ‘parent’ systems, the UK, France and Germany; the world’s most developed economy, the US; and its largest democracy, India. The results cast doubt on the legal origin hypothesis in so far as they show that civil law systems have seen substantial increases in shareholder protection over the period in question. The pattern of change differs depending on the area which is being examined, with the law on creditor and worker protection demonstrating more divergence and heterogeneity than that relationg to shareholders. The results for worker protection are more consistent with the legal origin claim than in the other two cases, but this overall result conceals significant diversity within the two ‘legal families,' with different countries relying on different institutional mechanisms to regulate labour. Until the late 1980s the law of the five countries was diverging, but in the last 10-15 years there has been some convergence, particularly in relation to shareholder protection.

Aluminum alloys containing scandium with zirconium additions

Abstract: Applications for aluminum alloys containing scandium with or without zirconium additions. Such modified aluminum alloys possess enhanced properties and exhibit improved processing characteristics, and, as such, are especially suited for use in recreational and athletic structures and components, and in certain aerospace, ground transportation and marine structures and components.

How Do Legal Rules Evolve? Evidence From a Cross-Country Comparison of Shareholder, Creditor and Worker Protection

Abstract: Much attention has been devoted in recent literature to the claim that a country's "legal origin" may make a difference to its pattern of financial development and more generally to its economic growth path. Proponents of this view assert that the "family" within which a country's legal system originated—be it common law, or one of the varieties of civil law—has a significant impact upon the quality of its legal protection of shareholders, which in turn impacts upon economic growth, through the channel of firms' access to external finance. Complementary studies of creditors' rights and labor regulation have buttressed the core claim that different legal families have different dynamic properties. Specifically, common law systems are thought to be better able to respond to the changing needs of a market economy than are civilian systems. This literature has, however, largely been based upon cross-sectional studies of the quality of corporate, insolvency, and labor law at particular points in the late 1990s. In this paper, we report findings based on newly constructed indices which track legal change over time in the areas of shareholder, creditor, and worker protection. The indices cover five systems for the period 1970-2005: three "parent" systems, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany; the world's most developed economy, the United States; and its largest democracy, India. The results cast doubt on the legal origin hypothesis in so far as they show that civil law systems have seen substantial increases in shareholder protection over the period in question. The pattern of change differs depending on the area which is being examined, with the law on creditor and worker protection demonstrating more divergence and heterogeneity than that relating to shareholders. The results for worker protection are more consistent with the legal origin claim than in the other two cases, but this overall result conceals significant diversity within the two "legal families," with different countries relying on different institutional mechanisms to regulate labor. Until the late 1980s, the law of the five countries was diverging, but in the last ten to fifteen years there has been some convergence, particularly in relation to shareholder protection.

Parent training for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: is it as effective when delivered as routine rather than as specialist care?

Abstract: Background: The effectiveness of parent training (PT) when delivered as part of specialist tier-two services for preschool AD/HD children has been recently demonstrated. Aims: To assess the effectiveness of the same PT programme when delivered as part of routine primary care by non-specialist nurses. Method: A sample of 89 3-year-old children with preschool AD/HD took part in a controlled trial of an eight-week (one hour a week), health visitor delivered, PT package. Children, allocated randomly to PT (n = 59) and waiting list control (WLC; n = 30) groups, were compared. Results: PT did not reduce AD/HD symptoms. Maternal well-being decreased in both PT and WLC groups. Conclusions: While PT is an effective intervention for preschool AD/HD when delivered in specialized settings, these benefits do not appear to generalize when programme are delivered as part of routine primary care by non-specialist nurses.