Institution
British Geological Survey
Government•Nottingham, United Kingdom•
About: British Geological Survey is a government organization based out in Nottingham, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Groundwater & Aquifer. The organization has 2561 authors who have published 7326 publications receiving 241944 citations.
Topics: Groundwater, Aquifer, Glacial period, Groundwater recharge, Holocene
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present results of a large multidiciplinary geophysical mapping project in NE Mozambique, with a focus on the structural evolution of this part of the East African Orogen (EAO).
Abstract: This paper presents results of a large multidiciplinary
geological mapping project in NE Mozambique, with a
focus on the structural evolution of this part of the East
African Orogen (EAO). It integrates field structural
studies with geophysical interpretations and presents
new geochronological data. The tectonic architecture
of NE Mozambique can be subdivided into five
megatectonic units on the basis of lithology, structure
and geochronology: unit 1, Paleoproterozoic Ponta
Messuli Complex in the extreme NW corner of NE
Mozambique, which represents the local NW foreland
to the EAO; unit 2, a collage of Mesoproterozoic
metamorphic complexes, which forms the basement to
unit 3, a stack of Neoproterozoic, NW directed
imbricate thrust nappes named here the ‘‘Cabo
Delgado Nappe Complex’’ (CDNC); unit 4, restricted
Neoproterozoic metasedimentary basins; and unit 5,
two exotic Neoproterozoic granulite me´ lange
complexes. The units were assembled during a long
and complex history of NWdirected shortening, which
commenced with nappe stacking and emplacement of
the CDNC over the Mesoproterozoic basement
terranes toward the NW foreland. It is proposed that
the CDNC and the Eastern Granulites farther north in
Tanzania are remnants of Neoproterozoic volcanic arcs
and microcontinents formed ‘‘outboard’’ of the
Mesoproterozoic continent after 596 ± 11 Ma. Field
and potential field geophysical data show that the
nappes were folded by regional-scale NE–SW
trending folds that formed in response to a later stage
of the same shortening episode and this episode gave
rise to the Lurio Belt, a prominent structural feature of
northern Mozambique and a key element (often as
suture zone) in many Gondwana reconstructions. The
Lurio Belt is here interpreted as a structure generated
during folding of the CDNC during later stages of the
progressive shortening event. It is, however, a
repeatedly reactivated shear zone, probably at the
site of an older (Mesoproterozoic?) discontinuity, with
an intense pure shear deformation history. It is cored
by strongly attenuated lenses of a granulitic tectonic
me´lange, the Ocua Complex (megatectonic unit 5) and
is intruded by Late Pan-African granitoids of the
Malema Suite. The compressional phase of the orogen
was postdated by NW–SE directed extension. New
U-Pb zircon and monazite dates show that extension
was initiated at circa 540 Ma in the eastern Lurio
Belt. It is argued that extension was the result of a
major episode of orogenic collapse of the EAO,
initiated by gravitational instabilities resulting from
crustal thickening during the shortening phase.
81 citations
••
TL;DR: An assemblage of ichnofossils from Ediacaran–Cambrian siltstones in Brazil is reported, alongside U–Pb radioisotopic dates that constrain the age of the oldest specimens to 555–542 Myr, and provides the oldest known fossil evidence for meiofaunal bilaterians.
Abstract: The evolutionary events during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition (~541 Myr ago) are unparalleled in Earth history. The fossil record suggests that most extant animal phyla appeared in a geologically brief interval, with the oldest unequivocal bilaterian body fossils found in the Early Cambrian. Molecular clocks and biomarkers provide independent estimates for the timing of animal origins, and both suggest a cryptic Neoproterozoic history for Metazoa that extends considerably beyond the Cambrian fossil record. We report an assemblage of ichnofossils from Ediacaran–Cambrian siltstones in Brazil, alongside U–Pb radioisotopic dates that constrain the age of the oldest specimens to 555–542 Myr. X-ray microtomography reveals three-dimensionally preserved traces ranging from 50 to 600 μm in diameter, indicative of small-bodied, meiofaunal tracemakers. Burrow morphologies suggest they were created by a nematoid-like organism that used undulating locomotion to move through the sediment. This assemblage demonstrates animal–sediment interactions in the latest Ediacaran period, and provides the oldest known fossil evidence for meiofaunal bilaterians. Our discovery highlights meiofaunal ichnofossils as a hitherto unexplored window for tracking animal evolution in deep time, and reveals that both meiofaunal and macrofaunal bilaterians began to explore infaunal niches during the late Ediacaran. Trace fossils from the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition of Brazil are interpreted as the remains of burrows made by a nematoid-like organism moving through sediment: these organisms are interpreted as the oldest known fossil meiofaunal bilaterians.
81 citations
••
TL;DR: A house at Loscoe in Derbyshire was completely destroyed by a methane gas explosion, badly injuring the three occupants as mentioned in this paper, and evidence was produced to ascertain the origin of the methane.
Abstract: In March 1986 a house at Loscoe in Derbyshire was completely destroyed by a methane gas explosion, badly injuring the three occupants. Eight months later at a Public Inquiry, the sequence of events leading up to the incident was established and evidence produced to ascertain the origin of the methane. During the proceedings it became apparent that signs of ground heating had been detected approximately 100 m beyond the boundary of a near-by landfill some years before the explosion but that the phenomenon had been misinterpreted as a shallow burning coal seam. Had the geology of the area and the geochemistry of methane been known to the investigators at that time, it is possible that the landfill would have been identified as the source of methane and the Loscoe area protected from the dangers of uncontrolled gas migration.
81 citations
••
TL;DR: In this paper, the late Quaternary vegetation history and environmental changes in a biodiverse tropical ecosystem are inferred from pollen, charcoal and carbon isotope evidence derived from a ∼ 48,000-yr sedimentary record from the Uluguru Mountains, a component of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Kenya and Tanzania.
81 citations
••
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tried to combine the roles of facilitators and educators, and to involve the input of all stakeholders (from community to national government) in the process of volcanic risk management.
Abstract: Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) methods and philosophies were trialed in a volcanic risk management planning and awareness activity for Savo Island, a historically highly destructive volcano in the Solomon Islands. Through a combination of methods we tried to combine the roles of facilitators and educators, and to involve the input of all stakeholders (from community to national government) in the process of volcanic risk management. The PRA approach was an ideal way to address the fundamental differences in outlook, education, needs, and roles of individuals and groups involved or affected. It was also an important catalyst to Savo island- or community-based planning initiatives, which are arguably the most important step toward the preparedness of the 2500 inhabitants of the island for any future destructive volcanic activity. We adapted almost every tenet of the PRA philosophy through inexperience, self-perceived importance and desire to combine both scientific and traditional views for Savo volcanic risk management planning. Nevertheless, what emerged from our experiences was an idea of how fundamentally well suited many PRA approaches are to initiating dialogue within diverse stakeholder groups, and deriving combined scientific/geologic and local/community risk assessments and mitigation action plans. The main challenge remaining includes increasing the involvement or voice of less powerful community members (women, youth, non-landowners) in risk management decision-making in such male-dominated hierarchical societies.
81 citations
Authors
Showing all 2591 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Randall R. Parrish | 68 | 212 | 16398 |
David J.A. Evans | 67 | 422 | 16984 |
Melanie J. Leng | 67 | 494 | 18588 |
Benjamin P. Horton | 65 | 278 | 12838 |
Jim W. Hall | 64 | 409 | 16381 |
Robert J. Pankhurst | 63 | 173 | 12938 |
Luuk K. Koopal | 63 | 210 | 13240 |
António Ferreira | 63 | 458 | 13726 |
Russell S. Harmon | 62 | 259 | 12597 |
Edward Tipping | 62 | 207 | 14676 |
Jon Woodhead | 61 | 226 | 16730 |
Gavin L. Foster | 61 | 182 | 12524 |
Paul Eggleton | 61 | 168 | 13421 |
Colin E. Snape | 60 | 430 | 14283 |
Andrew Binley | 59 | 278 | 16075 |