Institution
British Geological Survey
Government•Nottingham, United Kingdom•
About: British Geological Survey is a government organization based out in Nottingham, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Groundwater & Aquifer. The organization has 2561 authors who have published 7326 publications receiving 241944 citations.
Topics: Groundwater, Aquifer, Glacial period, Groundwater recharge, Holocene
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the possible extent of reaction between bentonite and cement pore fluids was simulated using the reaction-transport model, PRECIP, and the results showed complex fronts of mineral dissolution and growth driven by the relative rates of these processes for different minerals.
186 citations
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01 Jan 2005TL;DR: In this paper, a 2D synthetic seismic section through the saturation model matches the observed seismic response well and the model is considered to provide an acceptable description of the CO 2 distribution.
Abstract: CO 2 produced at the Sleipner natural gas field is being injected into the Utsira Sand, a major saline aquifer. Time-lapse seismic data were acquired in 1999 and 2001, with 2.35 and 4.26 million tonnes of CO 2 in the reservoir respectively. The CO 2 plume is imaged as a number of bright sub-horizontal reflections within the reservoir unit, growing with time, and underlain by a prominent velocity pushdown. No leakage has been detected from the repository reservoir. The reflections are interpreted as tuned responses from thin ( 2 trapped beneath thin intra-reservoir mudstones and the reservoir caprock. However, these alone are unable to account for the amount of observed pushdown. A two-component 3D saturation model is therefore developed for the 1999 dataset, with high-saturation CO 2 forming the layers and a lesser component of low-saturation CO 2 between the layers. Saturations are calculated from the observed reflectivity and velocity pushdown and the resulting model contains 85% of the known injected mass of CO 2 . A 2D synthetic seismic section through the saturation model matches the observed seismic response well and the model is considered to provide an acceptable description of the CO 2 distribution. Signal attenuation is more pronounced within the 2001 plume and its effects are likely to become more significant with time, perhaps reducing the efficacy of seismic verification techniques as the plume grows further. Other geophysical methods, such as microgravimetry, may become increasingly useful at this stage.
186 citations
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TL;DR: The GSI3D software is not yet designed to cope with bedrock structures in which individual stratigraphic surfaces are repeated or inverted, but the software is currently being extended by BGS to encompass these more complex geological scenarios.
186 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a collaborative study was instigated involving Thai and British government authorities to establish the distribution and geochemical form of As in surface drainage and aquifer systems in the affected area, the probable sources of As contamination, and the potential for problem alleviation.
Abstract: The occurrence of human health problems resulting from arsenic contamination of domestic water supplies in Ron Phibun District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, southern Thailand was first recognized in 1987. The area has an extensive history of bedrock and alluvial mining, the waste from which is typically rich in arsenopyrite and related alteration products. In 1994 a collaborative study was instigated involving Thai and British government authorities to establish the distribution and geochemical form of As in surface drainage and aquifer systems in the affected area, the probable sources of As contamination, and the potential for problem alleviation. Hydrochemical analyses of surface- and groundwaters have confirmed the presence of dissolved As at concentrations exceeding WHO potable water guidelines by up to a factor of 500. Contamination of the shallow alluvial aquifer system is systematically more severe than the underlying carbonate-hosted aquifer. Deep boreholes may therefore provide the best available potable water source for the local population. The presence of up to 39% of total As as arsenite (H3AsO3) within the carbonate aquifer may, however, constitute a ‘hidden’ toxicological risk, not evident in the shallow groundwater (in which arsenate species account for > 95% of total As). Mineralogical investigations of As-rich tailings and flotation wastes were undertaken to evaluate their likely impact on water quality. The results indicate that although some flotation wastes contain up to 30% As, the rate of leaching is extremely low. Consequently the As loading of drainage emanating from such waste is below the subregional average. Analyses of the silty alluvium that covers much of the central sector of the study area have highlighted As concentrations of up to 5000 mg kg−1, probably carried by disseminated arsenopyrite. Following sulfide dissolution, the mobility of As in this material may be high (with resultant contamination of shallow groundwater) due to the low Fe content of the soil. On the basis of the data acquired, a range of pollution mitigation schemes are currently under investigation including Fe supplementation of alluvium and microbial degradation of disseminated arsenopyrite.
185 citations
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TL;DR: The pyroclastic surges were variable depending on topography and dome pore pressure as mentioned in this paper, with a lower layer poor in fine ash that was formed at the current front and an upper layer rich in fine volcanic ash.
Abstract: Pyroclastic flows were formed at Soufriere Hills Volcano by lava-dome collapse and by fountain collapse associated with Vulcanian explosions. Major episodes of dome collapse, lasting tens of minutes to a few hours, followed escalating patterns of progressively larger flows with longer runouts. Block-and-ash flow deposit volumes range from 6 m 3 with runouts of 1-7 km. The flows formed coarse-grained block-and-ash flow deposits, with associated fine-grained pyroclastic surge deposits and ashfall deposits. Small flows commonly formed lobate channelized deposits. Large block-and-ash flows in unconfined areas produced sheet-like deposits with tapering margins. the development of pyroclastic surges was variable depending on topography and dome pore pressure. Pyroclastic surge deposits commonly had a lower layer poor in fine ash that was formed at the current front and an upper layer rich in fine ash. Block-and-ash flows were erosive, producing striated and scoured bedrock surfaces and forming channels, many metres deep, in earlier deposits. Abundant accidental material was incorporated. Pyroclastic flow deposits formed by fountain collapse were pumiceous, with narrow sinuous, lobate morphologies and well developed levees and snouts. Two coastal fans formed where pyroclastic flows entered the sea. Their seaward extent was limited by a submarine slope break.
185 citations
Authors
Showing all 2591 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Randall R. Parrish | 68 | 212 | 16398 |
David J.A. Evans | 67 | 422 | 16984 |
Melanie J. Leng | 67 | 494 | 18588 |
Benjamin P. Horton | 65 | 278 | 12838 |
Jim W. Hall | 64 | 409 | 16381 |
Robert J. Pankhurst | 63 | 173 | 12938 |
Luuk K. Koopal | 63 | 210 | 13240 |
António Ferreira | 63 | 458 | 13726 |
Russell S. Harmon | 62 | 259 | 12597 |
Edward Tipping | 62 | 207 | 14676 |
Jon Woodhead | 61 | 226 | 16730 |
Gavin L. Foster | 61 | 182 | 12524 |
Paul Eggleton | 61 | 168 | 13421 |
Colin E. Snape | 60 | 430 | 14283 |
Andrew Binley | 59 | 278 | 16075 |