Showing papers by "Cabot Corporation published in 1997"

Novel elastomer composites, method and apparatus

Abstract: Elastomer composites are produced by novel continuous flow methods and apparatus in which fluid streams of particulate filler and elastomer latex are fed to the mixing zone of a coagulum reactor to form a mixture in semi-confined flow continuously from the mixing zone through a coagulum zone to a discharge end of the reactor. The particulate filler fluid is fed under high pressure to the mixing zone, such as to form a jet stream to entrain elastomer latex fluid sufficiently energetically to substantially completely coagulate the elastomer with the particulate filler prior to the discharge end. Highly efficient and effective elastomer coagulation is achieved without the need for a coagulation step involving exposure to acid or salt solution or the like. Novel elastomer composites are produced. Such novel elastomer composites may be cured or uncured, and combine material properties, such as choice of filler, elastomer, level of filler loading, and macro-dispersion, not previously achieved.

Colored pigment and aqueous compositions containing same

Abstract: A surface-modified colored pigment is disclosed which includes a colored pigment having no primary amines and at least one attached hydrophilic organic group, wherein said organic group comprises a) at least one aromatic group, and b) at least one ionic group or ionizable group, or a mixture of an ionic group or an ionizable group. The colored pigment may be blue, brown, cyan, green, violet, magenta, red, orange, yellow, mixtures thereof and the like. The surface-modified colored pigment, due to the hydrophilic groups on its surface, is readily dispersed in a liquid vehicle without the addition of a surfactant or other dispersing aid or additive. The surface-modified color pigment may be used in a variety of aqueous systems including, but not limited to, coatings, paints, papers, adhesives, latexes, inks, toners, textiles and fibers. In addition, an aqueous composition is disclosed including a water-based liquid vehicle and the surface-modified colored pigment described above. Also disclosed is an ink composition including a water-based liquid vehicle and the surface-modified colored pigment described above. Finally, a process is disclosed for preparing the surface-modified colored pigments having no primary amines and at least one attached hydrophilic organic group, wherein said organic group comprises a) at least one aromatic group, and b) at least one ionic group or ionizable group, or a mixture of an ionic group or an ionizable group.

Modified colored pigments and ink jet inks, inks, and coatings containing modified colored pigments

Abstract: A modified colored pigment is described which comprises colored pigment having attached at least one organic group. The organic group comprises a) at least one aromatic group or a C 1 -C 12 alkyl group and b) at least one ionic group, at least one ionizable group, or a mixture of an ionic group and an ionizable group. The aromatic group or the C 1 -C 12 alkyl group of the organic group is directly attached to the pigment and the organic group is present at a treatment level of from about 0.10 to about 4.0 micromoles/m 2 of the pigment used based on nitrogen surface area of the pigment. Also described are aqueous and non-aqueous inks and coatings and ink jet ink compositions containing the modified colored pigment. A method to increase the flow of an ink is also disclosed as well as a method to improve the waterfastness of a print imaged by an ink composition. Also, other ink jet ink compositions are described which comprise an aqueous or non-aqueous vehicle and a colored pigment having attached an organic group having the formula: Ar--R 1 (I) or Ar'R 3 R 2 (II) wherein Ar is an aromatic group and Ar' is an aromatic group.

Composition and slurry useful for metal CMP

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing composition comprising an oxidizing agent at least one catalyst having multiple oxidation states, and at least one stabilizer, the composition being useful when combined with an abrasive or with an abrasive pad to remove metal layers from a substrate.

Multi-oxidizer slurry for chemical mechanical polishing

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing slurry comprising at least two oxidizing agents, an organic acid and an abrasive and a method for using the chemical mechanical polishing slurry to remove titanium, titanium nitride, and an aluminum alloy containing layer from a substrate

Chemical mechanical polishing slurry for metal layers and films

Abstract: A polishing slurry for chemically mechanically polishing metal layers and films during the various stages of multilevel interconnect fabrication associated with integrated circuit manufacturing. The slurry includes an aqueous medium, an abrasive, an oxidizing agent, and an organic acid. The polishing slurry has been found to significantly lower or inhibit the silicon dioxide polishing rate, thus yielding enhanced selectivity. In addition, the polishing slurry is useful in providing effective polishing to metal layers at desired polishing rates while minimizing surface imperfections and defects. Also disclosed is a method for producing coplanar metal/insulator films on a substrate utilizing the slurry of the present invention and chemical mechanical polishing technique relating thereto.

Modified carbon products with leaving groups and inks and coatings containing modified carbon products

Abstract: A modified carbon product is described which comprises carbon having attached at least one organic group wherein the organic group comprises a) at least one aromatic group or a C 1 -C 12 alkyl group, and b) a group having the formula --AG--Sp--LG--Z, wherein AG is an activating group, Sp is a spacer group, LG is a leaving group, and Z is a counterion, and wherein the aromatic or the C 1 -C 12 alkyl group is directly attached to the carbon, and wherein the organic group is present in any amount. The present invention also relates to ink and coating compositions comprising these modified carbon products.

Ink and coating compositions containing silicon-treated carbon black

Abstract: Ink and coating compositions are disclosed comprising a silicon-treated carbon black. The silicon-treated carbon black may have at least one attached organic group, and the ink and coating compositions may comprise a combination of silicon-treated carbon black products, with and/or without at least one attached organic group, and untreated carbon black. Methods are disclosed for improving the jetness, improving the blue tone, improving the platewear, reducing the premix residue, modifying rheological properties, or improving waterfastness, of ink and coating compositions by incorporating therein silicon-treated carbon black.

Niobium powders and niobium electrolytic capacitors

Abstract: A flaked niobium powder is disclosed as well as electrolytic capacitors formed from the flaked niobium powders. Niobium powders having a BET surface area of at least about 0.50 m2/g are also disclosed and capacitors made therefrom, as well as niobium powders doped with an oxygen content of at least 2,000 ppm. Methods to reduce DC leakage in a niobium anode are also disclosed.

Fluoride additive containing chemical mechanical polishing slurry and method for use of same

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing slurry comprising an oxidizing agent, a fluoride containing additive and an abrasive and a method for using the fluoride containing additive chemical mechanical polishing slurry to remove tungsten and titanium from substrates.

Method of making tantalum metal powder with controlled size distribution and products made therefrom

Abstract: A process for sizing (i.e., comminuting) a tantalum powder including agglomerates of smaller particles, which process yields a tantalum powder having an as-comminuted agglomerate size distribution with the product of the Volume Mean Diameter, MV (in microns as measured by light scattering techniques such as Microtrac analysis), times specific surface area BET (m2/g), being less than about 25. These powders after sizing typically have ratios of Scott Bulk Density: BET Surface Area in the range from about 20 to about 35. Also provided are powders having a substantially unimodal and narrow agglomerate size distribution in all stages of production, namely after sizing (i.e., deagglomeration by comminution), thermal agglomeration (i.e., heat treatment), and deoxidation. These resultant powders have high surface area and good flowability properties and, upon sintering, exhibit controlled shrinkage with high porosity. Further provided are sized heat treated tantalum powders having agglomerate particle sizes wherein the product of the Volume Mean Diameter, MV, times the specific surface area, BET, is in the range from about 90 to about 250. Sized and agglomerated powders which are deoxidized are also provided wherein the product of the Volume Mean Diameter, MV, times the specific surface area, BET, is in the range from about 90 to about 250.

Compositions and articles of manufacture

Abstract: A composition comprising a filler material, a chemical compound and a polymer. A preferred filler material comprises carbon black and preferred polymers include ethylene-containing polymers such as ethylene-propylene copolymer or ethylene-propylene terpolymers. The present invention also includes articles of manufacture incorporating the polymer compositions.

Elastomer composites, method and apparatus

Abstract: Elastomer composites are produced by novel continuous flow methods and apparatus in which fluid streams of particulate filler and elastomer latex are fed to the mixing zone of a coagulum reactor to form a mixture in semi-confined flow continuously from the mixing zone through a coagulum zone to a discharge end of the reactor. The particulate filler fluid is fed under high pressure to the mixing zone, such as to form a jet stream to entrain elastomer latex fluid sufficiently energetically to substantially completely coagulate the elastomer with the particulate filler prior to the discharge end. Highly efficient and effective elastomer coagulation is achieved without the need for a coagulation step involving exposure to acid or salt solution or the like. Novel elastomer composites are produced. Such novel elastomer composites may be cured or uncured, and combine material properties, such as choice of filler, elastomer, level of filler loading, and macro-dispersion, not previously achieved.

Silica coated carbon blacks

Abstract: Silica coated carbon blacks are disclosed and can be prepared by coating a fine dispersion of carbon black, such as a carbon black having an attached organic group(s). Compositions and articles of manufacture, including elastomeric compositions, containing such carbon black are also disclosed.

Particle having an attached stable free radical and methods of making the same

Abstract: A modified particle is disclosed wherein a particle has an attached group having the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar represents an aromatic group; R1 represents a bond, an arylene group, an alkylene ##STR2## wherein R4 is an alkyl or alkylene group or an aryl or arylene group; R2 and R3, which can be the same or different, represent hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, --OR5, --NHR5, --NR5 R5, or --SR5, wherein R5, which is the same or different, represents an alkyl group or an aryl group; and SFR represents a stable free radical. Also disclosed is a modified particle or aggregate having attached a group having the formula: ##STR3## wherein CoupA represents a Si-containing group, a Ti-containing group, or a Zr-containing group; R8 and R9, which can be the same or different, represent hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, --OR10, --NHR10, --NR10 R10, or --SR10, wherein R10 represents an alkyl group or an aryl group; SFR represents a stable free radical; and n is an integer of from 1 to 3. A modified particle having an attached --SFR or --X--SFR is additionally disclosed. Also, modified particles with attached polymers are also disclosed as well as methods of making the modified products.

Ink compositions having improved latency

Abstract: An ink composition is disclosed including a liquid vehicle and an ionically charged organic pigment and a hydroxylated hydrocarbon humectant having at least two hydroxyl groups. The ionically charged pigment may be black, blue, brown, cyan, green, violet, magenta, red, orange, yellow, mixtures thereof, and the like. The ionically charged pigment, due to the nature of its surface charge, is readily-dispersed in the liquid vehicle of the ink composition without the addition of a surfactant or other dispersing aid or additive. In a preferred embodiment, the ionically charged pigment has sufficient ionizable groups to maintain the colloidal stability of the pigment in the ink composition. Further disclosed is a method for generating printed images which include incorporating into a printing apparatus the ink compositions described above and generating an image onto a substrate.

Organically modified aerogels, method for their production by surface modification of the aqueous gel without previous solvent exchange and subsequent drying and the use thereof

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel organically modified aerogels, a method for their production, in which a) a hydrogel is provided; b) the surface of the hydrogel obtained in step (a) is modified, and c) the modified surface of the gel obtained in step (b) is dried, and the use thereof. The present invention also relates to novel organically modified wet gels, a method for the production and the use thereof.

Modified colored pigments and ink jet inks containing them

Abstract: A modified colored pigment is described which comprises colored pigment having attached at least one organic group. The organic group comprises a) at least one aromatic group or a C1-C12 alkyl group and b) at least one ionic group, at least one ionizable group, or a mixture of an ionic group and an ionizable group. The aromatic group or the C1-C12 alkyl group of the organic group is directly attached to the pigment and the organic group is present at a treatment level of from about 0.10 to about 4.0 micromoles/m2 of the carbon used based on nitrogen surface area of thecarbon. Also described are aqueous and non-aqueous inks and coatings and ink jet ink compositions containing the modified colored pigment. A method to increase the flow of an ink, as measured by glass plate flow, by incorporating the modified colored pigment as part of the ink is also disclosed as well as a method to improve the waterfastness of a print imaged by an ink composition. Also, other ink jet ink compositions are described which comprise an aqueous or non-aqueous vehicle and a colored pigment having attached an organic group having the formula: Ar-R1 (I) or Ar'R3R2 (II) wherein Ar is an aromatic group and Ar' is an aromatic group. As shown in formula (I), Ar is substituted with at least one group R1. As shown in formula (II), Ar' is substituted with at least one group R2 and at least one group R3. R1 is an aromatic or aliphatic group containing a hydrophobic group and at least one hydrophilic group. R2 is a hydrophilic group and R3 is an aromatic or aliphatic group containing a hydrophobic group, wherein the organic group is present at a treatment level of from about 0.10 micromoles/m2 to about 5.0 micromoles/m2 pigment, and wherein an image generated from the ink jet ink composition is waterfast. Lastly, non-aqeuous ink and coating formulations are described which contain an appropriate solvent and a modified colored pigment comprising pigment having attached at least one organic group, wherein the organic group comprises a) at least one aromatic group or C?1?-C12 alkyl group, and b) at least one ionic group, at least one ionizable group, or a mixture of an ionic group and an ionizable group, wherein the organic group is present in any amount.

Elastomeric compounds incorporating metal-treated carbon blacks

Abstract: Disclosed are elastomeric compounds including an elastomer and an aggregate comprising a carbon phase and a metal-containing species phase, optionally including a coupling agent. Also disclosed is an aggregate comprising a carbon phase and a metal-containing species phase. A variety of elastomers and formulations employing such elastomers are contemplated and disclosed. Elastomeric compounds incorporating an elastomer and the aggregate are also disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for preparing elastomers compounded with the aggregate, and methods of improving various properties of elastomeric compounds, such as abrasion resistance, hysteresis, wet skid resistance, and/or wet traction.

Carbon blacks and compositions incorporating the carbon blacks

Abstract: New classes of carbon blacks which may be broadly characterized as having an Iodine adsorption number (I2No.) of 50-112 milligrams/gram (mg/g) and a primary particle size measured in accordance with the procedures in ASTM Test Procedure D3849-89 (hereinafter denoted as 'primary particle size') of less than or equal to 25 nanometers (nm). Certain of the carbon blacks of the present invention may be further characterized as having a CDBP (dibutyl absorption value of the crushed carbon black) of less than or equal to 102 cubic centimeters DBP per 100 grams of carbon black (cc/100g). The present invention provides carbon blacks having I2No. of 65-95 mg/g and a primary particle size of less than or equal to 20 nm. Also disclosed and claimed are carbon blacks having an I2No. of 100-112 mg/g and a primary particle size of less than or equal to 20 nm. The present invention further provides carbon blacks having an I2No. of 65-112 mg/g; a primary particle size of less than or equal to 20 nanometers (nm); and a CDBP (dibutyl absorption value of the crushed carbon black) of less than or equal to 102 cubic centimeters DBP per 100 grams of carbon black (cc/100g). In addition, carbon blacks having an I2No. of 50-70 milligrams/gram (mg/g) and a primary particle size of less than or equal to 25 nm, are disclosed and claimed. The present invention also provides carbon blacks having an I2No. of 50-85 mg/g; a primary particle size of less than or equal to 25 nm; and a CDBP of less than or equal to 96 cc/100g. The carbon blacks are particularly well suited for use in the production of polymer compositions. Also described and claimed are polymer compositions incorporating the new carbon blacks.

Compositions and insulation bodies having low thermal conductivity

Abstract: The present invention relates to particulate compositions having improved thermal conductivity values. An embodiment of the present invention is a particulate composition which under a 103421 Pa load, at 20 °C, and at a pressure (P) within the range of 133.322 - 13332.2 Pa, in Nitrogen, has: a packing density of less than or equal to 160 kg/m3, and a Thermal Conductivity (TC) at 133.322 - 1333 - 322 Pa of less than or equal to (0.260lnP + 4.53) milliWatt/meterK (mW/m.K) and a TC at 1333.322 - 13332.2 Pa of less than or equal to (0.824lnP + 0.47) mW/m.K. A preferred particulate composition is a gel composition. Also disclosed are insulation bodies comprising the particulate compositions.

Ink compositions and method for generating images produced therefrom

Abstract: An ink composition is disclosed including a colorant and at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinylimidazole, derivatives of polyvinylimidazole, copolymers of vinylimidazole and copolymers of vinylimidazole derivatives. The present invention also relates to ink compositions including a colorant and at least one polymer selected from polyvinylpyridine, derivatives of polyvinylpyridine, copolymers of vinylpyridine and copolymers of vinylpyridine derivatives. Also disclosed is an ink composition comprising a pigment and at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethyleneimine and derivatives thereof. Further disclosed is a method for generating printed images which include incorporating into a printing apparatus the ink compositions described above and generating an image onto a substrate.

Multi-oxidizer precursor for chemical mechanical polishing

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing slurry precursor comprising urea, a second oxidizer, an organic acid, and an abrasive, and a method for using the chemical mechanical polishing slurry precursor to prepare a chemical mechanical polishing slurry with a first oxidizer and thereafter using the slurry to remove titanium, titanium nitride, and an aluminum alloy containing layers from a substrate.

Pre-coupled silicon-treated carbon blacks

Abstract: A silicon-treated carbon black pre-coupled with a coupling agent is disclosed. Compositions and articles of manufacture, including elastomeric compositions, containing such a pre-coupled silicon-treated carbon black as well as methods of making the same are also disclosed.

Silicon-treated carbon black/elastomer formulations and applications

Abstract: Disclosed are elastomeric compounds including an elastomer and a silicon-treated carbon black, and optionally including a coupling agent. The elastomeric compound exhibits poorer abrasion resistance, lower hysteresis at high temperature and comparable or increased hysteresis at low temperature compared to an elastomer containing an untreated carbon black. A variety of elastomers and formulations employing such elastomers are contemplated and disclosed. Elastomeric compounds incorporating an elastomer and an oxidized, silicon-treated carbon black are also disclosed. Also disclosed is method for preparing elastomers compounded with the treated carbon black.

Multi-layered coatings and coated paper and paperboards

Abstract: A multi-layered coating for use preferably on paperboard or paper is disclosed wherein the coating contains at least two layers. The first layer contains at least one dark colorant, at least one white or near white pigment, and at least one binder, and the second layer contains at least one pigment other than a dark colorant, such as a white or near white pigment, and at least one binder. Slurries and dry mixtures containing these ingredients are also disclosed. A multi-layered coated paperboard or paper comprising paperboard or paper and the multi-layered coating is also disclosed. A method to reduce the amount of a white or near white pigment like titania is also disclosed which involves using one or more of the above-described multi-layered coatings on paperboard or paper.

Elastomer compositions and methods

Abstract: Novel methods of making elastomer compositions include the use of certain modifying agents and mechanical working prior to incorporation of a vulcanization system in a first or other early stage of a multi-stage process particulate filler, such as carbon black, and sulfur cross-linking agent are substantially dispersed into sulfur cross-linkable-hydrocarbon elastomer. The particulate filler and sulfur cross-linking agent can be premixed together as a pre-blend prior to being added to the elastomer. A substantially unvulcanized, processable elastomer is produced by the multi-stage process, involving further mechanical working of the initial masterbatch. A curative additive comprising accelerator, and optionally additional sulfur cross-linking agent, can be added and dispersed in the elastomer to produce a vulcanizable composition. In accordance with another aspect, extender oil is added to the elastomer subsequent to addition and substantial dispersion of the filler and sulfur cross-linking agent into the elastomer in the aforesaid early stage of the multi-stage process. Significant improvement in performance characteristics is achieved, especially by preferred embodiments, including good abrasion resistance and low hysteresis measured, for example, as tan delta-max at 70 °C. The present invention further relates to novel unvulcanized, processable elastomer compositions comprising certain treated carbon black particulate filler and certain pre-vulcanization modifier in an amount effective to substantially increase bound rubber content in a substantially unvulcanized processable elastomer product of a non-productive thermo-mechanical working of the elastomer composition.

Synthetic latex compositions and articles produced therefrom

Abstract: Synthetic latex compositions and articles produced therefrom having improved tear strength while minimizing the effect on modulus. The compositions include a synthetic rubber latex and fumed silica typically present in an amount ranging between 0.5% and 5.0% by weight of rubber solids. In a preferred embodiment, the fumed silica is introduced into the synthetic rubber latex as an aqueous dispersion of fumed silica.

Modified carbon products and ink jet inks, inks and coatings containing modified carbon products

Abstract: A modified carbon product is described which comprises carbon having attached at least one organic group. The organic group comprises a) at least one aromatic group or a C 1 -C 12 alkyl group and b) at least one ionic group, at least one ionizable group, or a mixture of an ionic group and an ionizable group. The aromatic group or the C 1 -C 12 alkyl group of the organic group is directly attached to the carbon and the organic group is present at a level of from about 0.10 to about 4.0 micromoles/m 2 of the carbon used based on nitrogen surface area of the carbon. Also described are aqueous and non-aqueous inks and coatings and ink jet ink compositions containing the modified carbon product. A method to increase the flow of an ink, as measured by glass plate flow, by incorporating the modified carbon product as part of the ink is also disclosed as well as a method to improve the waterfastness of a print imaged by an ink composition. Lastly, non-aqueous ink and coating formulations are described which contain an appropriate solvent and a modified carbon product comprising carbon having attached at least one organic group, wherein the organic group comprises a) at least one aromatic group or C 1 -C 12 alkyl group, and b) at least one ionic group, at least one ionizable group, or a mixture of an ionic group and an ionizable group, wherein the organic group is present in any amount.