Showing papers by "Charles University in Prague published in 1971"
TL;DR: The toxin might stimulate secretory transport processes, for example Cl− and HCO−3, to such an extent that reabsorptive capacity is exceeded, water is held osmotically and massive diarrhoea results.
Abstract: THE molecular mechanism by which cholera toxin produces a massive loss of water and electrolytes is unknown, but it is clear that an increase in net secretion of approximately isotonic fluid occurs throughout the length of the small intestine1,2. The relative contributions of increased active ion secretion and decreased active ion reabsorption to this fluid production are also unknown, although the fluid contains more HCO−3 than does plasma1,3. The toxin might stimulate secretory transport processes, for example Cl− and HCO−3, to such an extent that reabsorptive capacity is exceeded, water is held osmotically and massive diarrhoea results.
366 citations
TL;DR: Cis-Pt(II), which is a promising antitumour agent, changes the absorption ultraviolet spectrum of calf thymus DNA; the absorption maximum is shifted from 259 to 264 nm, and hyperchromicity is observed already at room temperature.
149 citations
TL;DR: The incidence of disturbances in the secretory capacity of the exocrine pancreas was significantly higher in patients with type I, IV, or V than in those with type II or III, indicating another feature of clinical manifestation of familial hyperlipoproteinemia.
Abstract: A study was made of 28 patients with familial hyperlipoproteinemia grouped according to Fredrickson's classification. Patients with type I, IV, or V suffered from attacks of epigastric pain with an increase in pancreatic enzymes in blood in some cases, but patients with type II or III never had these symptoms. The incidence of disturbances in the secretory capacity of the exocrine pancreas was significantly higher in patients with type I, IV, or V than in those with type II or III. These findings probably represent another feature of clinical manifestation of familial hyperlipoproteinemia.
124 citations
TL;DR: The reported findings suggest that some metabolic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of dystrophic axonal changes and may arise prematurely and to excess in a variety of natural and experimental disorders.
Abstract: A short correlative review is given of the light and electron microscopical features and histochemical reactions of dystrophic axons in the mature human CNS. Their ultrastruc- tural similarities to axonal changes in the disease entity of the neuroaxonal dystrophies and various experimental conditions are confirmed. The incidence of axonal spheroids in the gracile and cuneate nuclei and in the reticular zone of the substantia nigra was studied in 1450 consecutive autopsies and correlated with age and underlying disease process. Axonal dystrophy of posterior column nuclei and substantia nigra showed a significant age-dependancy without predilection for either sex. The incidence of dystrophic axons in the globus pallidus and other sites was also examined. No clear relationship of the severity and frequency of the involvement of gracile nucleus with any underlying disease was established, while axonal dystrophy in substantia nigra showed significant correlations to alcoholic encephalopathies and Parkinson’s syndrome, and a trend to negative relationship with presenile cerebral atrophies. In addition to the natural occurrence of dystrophic axons as a physiological, age-dependant phenomenon, these lesions may arise prematurely and to excess in a variety of natural and experimental disorders. The reported findings suggest that some metabolic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of dystrophic axonal changes. Relations to axonal dying-back processes are discussed.
72 citations
TL;DR: An improved indigogenic method for the detection of β-glucuronidase was devised in this paper, which consists of 2.4×10−4 M 4-Cl-5Br-3-indolyl-β-D-gluronide (dissolved in a small amount of dimethylformamide).
Abstract: An improved indigogenic method for the detection of β-glucuronidase was devised. The recommended medium consists of 2.4×10−4 M 4-Cl-5Br-3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide (dissolved in a small amount of dimethylformamide) in 0,1 M acetate buffer pH 5, 3.4×10−3 M potassium ferricyanide and 3.4×10−3 M potassium ferrocyanide. The activity of β-glucuronidase escapes from unfixed or acetone postfixed cold microtome sections into the incubation solution and this leakage cannot be entirely prevented by either the postfixation of sections in cold aldehyde fixatives, or in acetone-formaldehyde-chloralhydrate mixture, or by fixation of freeze-dried sections in isopropylalcohol. No leakage was ascertained from sections prepared from tissue blocks fixed for 24 hours in cold aldehydes. This procedure leads to 70–80% inactivation of enzyme activity in rat spleen, liver and kidney, however. The recommended concentration of ferri-ferrocyanide mixture inhibits the activity by 30% at an average. The overall staining intensity obtained with the improved method in various organs reflects well activities of β-glucuronidase as estimated biochemically in homogenates of these organs. The method enables to demonstrate the lysosomal localization. The distribution pattern obtained with it resembles that obtained with the simultaneous azo-coupling method using naphthol AS-BI-β-glucuronide and hexazonium-p-rosanilin.
71 citations
69 citations
TL;DR: A new enzyme belonging to the group of phospholipases D (phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase, EC 3.4.1.4) was found in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and is characterized by 4-sphingenine (as the main component) and sphinganine (present only in a trace amount).
65 citations
TL;DR: The “demetallization” procedure used to remove Mn and Ca from concanavalin A has been applied to pea phytohemagglutinin and was shown to decrease the Ca content but to leave the Mn content unaffected, while addition of Mn2+ and Ca2+ enhanced both the hemagglUTinating and precipitating activities.
59 citations
TL;DR: 1,4-benzdiazepine derivatives do not influence endocrine functions even when they are administered on a long-term basis, because of their known low toxicity and good tolerance.
53 citations
44 citations
TL;DR: Isoelectric focusing of purified concanavalin A reveals a heterogeneity of this phytohemagglutinin, and pI values are in disagreement with values reported recently, but support the original observations of earlier workers.
TL;DR: Highly selective extraction of chromate from slightly acidic solutions with a chloroform solution of trioctylamine or trioctylmethylammonium chloride Aliquat 336-S is described, based on measurement of the absorbance of the extract at 445-450 nm.
TL;DR: Mn 2+ and Ca 2+ enhance both the hemagglutinating and polysaccharide precipitating activities and EDTA strongly inhibits mannan precipitation and, to a smaller degree, erythrocyte agglutination.
TL;DR: Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) significantly increased toxicity of CuCl 2 in mice and increased retention of copper in the organism and elevated the copper content of various organs.
TL;DR: The isolated glycopeptide seems to be involved in the interaction of lymphocytes with concanavalin A and the subsequent stimulation in calf and rabbit thymocytes and rabbit lymph node lymphocytes cultivated in vitro.
TL;DR: This is the first reported case of bilateral granulomatous pulmonary adiaspiromycosis in man and the histopathologic findings and the morphology of adiaspores (spherules) are described.
Abstract: Pulmonary adiaspiromycosis due to infection with the fungus Emmonsia crescens was diagnosed in an 11-year-old boy. The disease manifested itself as a disseminated bilateral granulomatous process in the form of innumerable tuberculoid nodules containing adiaspores. The histopathologic findings and the morphology of adiaspores (spherules) are described. This is the first reported case of bilateral granulomatous pulmonary adiaspiromycosis in man.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the relation between the endomorphisms of a graph and its derivatives, and characterized the graphs with the best endomorphism in terms of their homomorphisms.
TL;DR: Whether ACTH is able to change the rate of synthesis of proteins in the CNS is examined and the relationship between the radioactivity of the cerebral and the spinal cord amino acid pools and the specific activity of their proteins is established.
TL;DR: Denture retention is enhanced by the elasticity of the mucous membrane of the basal seat area and by a good border seal which keeps the space between the denture and the mucosa as small as possible.
Abstract: None of the physical factors involved in complete denture retention can be totally explained. However, some of them participate commonly in the intricate mechanism which is set in action at the moment of dislodgment of the denture. A most important factor in retention seems to be capillary attraction. Another factor is the viscosity of saliva which affects the motion of saliva under the denture. Denture retention is enhanced by the elasticity of the mucous membrane of the basal seat area and by a good border seal which keeps the space between the denture and the mucosa as small as possible.
TL;DR: Correlation was made between the experimental data obtained from different pharmacological tests in animals, and clinical efficiency of a series of antidepressants in 665 treatments of endogenous depressions and clinical efficacy in anxious and agitated depressions.
Abstract: Correlation was made between the experimental data obtained from different pharmacological tests in animals, and clinical efficiency of a series of antidepressants in 665 treatments of endogenous depressions. The differences in therapeutic activity with regard to the symptomatology were expressed by using an “index of antidepressive action”,
$$IAA = \frac{{{\text{\% of remissions in patients with retarded depression}}}}{{{\text{\% of remissions in patients with anxious + agitated + atypical depressions}}}}$$
Intensity of adrenomimetic effect estimated by inhibition of noradrenalin uptake, by anti-reserpine and anti-tetrabenazine tests in rats revealed a high correlation with therapeutic efficacy in retarded forms of depression. Intensity of anticholinergic action evaluated by antiphysostigmine, antinicotine and antitremorine tests in animals, correlated with clinical efficacy in anxious and agitated depressions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that chloramphenicol, tryptamine and NaF inhibit reticulocyte radio-iron uptake by a mechanism which is not directly dependent on the inhibition of globin synthesis.
TL;DR: A single dose of ACTH increased the rate of synthesis of proteins in spinal motoneurones by about 20% irrespective of their cell sizes, as judged from autoradiographical results.
TL;DR: In this paper, the optical absorption in CdO single crystals is reported for photon energies just below the absorption edge (≈ 2.4 eV) at several temperatures between 80 and 300 °K.
Abstract: The optical absorption in CdO single crystals is reported for photon energies just below the absorption edge (≈ 2.4 eV) at several temperatures between 80 and 300 °K. The investigation of the shape of the intrinsic absorption indicates the existence of an indirect gap. The influence of the higher concentration of conduction electrons on the indirect absorption edge of CdO has been studied. Extrapolation for n = 0 leads to the value Eig = (1.09 ± 0.04) eV.
Es wird uber die optische Absorption von CdO-Einkristaller bei Photonenenergien unterhalb der Absorptionskante (2,4 eV) bei verschiedenen Temepraturen zwischen 80 und 300 °K berichtet. Die Untersuchung der Grundgitterabsorption zeigt das Vorhandensein einer indirekten Bandlucke. Der Einflus von hoheren Leitungselektronenkonzentrationen auf die indirekte Absorptionskante von CdO wurde untersucht. Extrapolation auf n = 0 fuhrt zu einem Wert von Eig = (1,09 ± 0,04) eV.
TL;DR: Changes evoked by hydrocortisome administration in the Na + −K + -stimulated ATPase of the chick embryo cerebral hemispheres were investigated and similar changes in the enzyme activity were demonstrated in the microsomal fraction isolated from the hemisphere homogenates and were correlated with the concentraion of sodium and potassium in the Hemispheres.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: (1) The 105,000 g supernatant fluid obtained from rat brain was separated by agar‐gel electrophoresis.
Abstract: (1) The 105,000 g supernatant fluid obtained from rat brain was separated by agar-gel electrophoresis.
(2) Three isoenzymes, capable of hydrolysing acetylthiocholine, one of them also hydrolysing butyrylthiocholine, were detected.
(3) The pH optima and Km for hydrolysis of acetyl- and butyrylthiocholine by the supernatant fluid were determined.
(4) After extraction of acetylcholinesterase isoenzymes from the gel, individual isoenzymes were characterized by pH optima and Km values.
(5) Two of the enzymes were characterized as acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) and one as butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8).
TL;DR: The case of a very mild 18p—syndrome in a mentaly retarded girl was recovered karyotype with 45 chromosomes, which was replaced by a submetacentric, dicentric chromosome, originated from an unusual fusion.
Abstract: The case of a very mild 18p—syndrome is reported. In a mentaly retarded girl was recovered karyotype with 45 chromosomes. The absent chromosomes G and E (18) were replaced by a submetacentric, dicentric chromosome, originated from an unusual fusion. The examination of serum immunoglobulins revealed the deficiency of IgA.
01 Sep 1971
TL;DR: A green orthoclase was found which contained 1.19% PbO in the pegmatites related to the Pb−Zn mineralization of the ore deposit at Broken Hill, N.S. Australia as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: It is proposed to extend the name amazonite, hitherto used to designate only the green variety of microcline, also to similarly coloured orthoclase and K-feldspars intermediate between orthoclase and microcline and, perhaps, also to other feldspars whose colour is similar to that of microcline-amazonite. In the pegmatites related to the Pb−Zn mineralization of the ore deposit at Broken Hill, N.S.W., Australia, a green orthoclase was found which contains 1.19% PbO. Unit cell dimensions (A):a
0=8.570(4),b
0=12.987(3),c
0=7.209(3), β=116°02′ (01′);a
0∶b
0∶c
0=0.6599∶1∶0.5551;V=720.91 (.57) A3. Optical properties:n
α=1.524,n
β=1.528,n
γ=1.529 all ±0.002,n
γ−n
α=0.005, (−) 2V=61°,X Λa=5°,Z=b,Y Λc=20°. Dm=2.570, Dx=2.585. The pegmatites, which contain in addition to green orthoclase also blue quartz, are believed to have originated by the same metamorphic processes which produced the surrounding gneisses and which were also responsible for the metamorphism of the Broken Hill ore deposit.
TL;DR: The specific physical conditioning programs for young asthmatics were devised and studied by various authors on groups of children in summer camps and in gymnasiums, and different sports activities such as gymnastics and swimming were practised.
Abstract: Exercise programs are nowadays included in the management of patients with bronchial asthma. These programs fall into two types: 1. Breathing exercises directed towards the training of specific respiratory muscles and the prevention of thoracic deformities. 2. General conditioning with the aim of improving physical fitness. Both constituents are important for growing organisms in particular. Leaving the question of methods and results of specific breathing exercises aside, let us consider the problems of overall fitness exercises in asthmatic children. The general conditioning is designed to maintain or to regain both neuromuscular and cardiovascular efficiency. The specific physical conditioning programs for young asthmatics were devised and studied by various authors on groups of children in summer camps and in gymnasiums, and different sports activities such as gymnastics and swimming were practised.