Civil Aerospace Medical Institute

About: Civil Aerospace Medical Institute is a healthcare organization based out in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Poison control & Aviation accident. The organization has 127 authors who have published 191 publications receiving 2579 citations. The organization is also known as: CAMI.

Determination of select antidepressants in fish from an effluent-dominated stream.

Abstract: Increasing evidence indicates widespread occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in municipal effluent discharges and surface waters. Studies that characterize the fate and effects of PPCPs in aquatic systems are limited, and to our knowledge, data regarding pharmaceutical accumulation in fish of effluent-dominated ecosystems have not been previously reported. In the present study, fish populations were sampled from a reference stream and an effluent-dominated stream in north Texas, USA. Lepomis macrochirus, Ictalurus punctatus, Cyprinus carpio, and Pomoxis nigromaculatus were killed; the liver, brain, and lateral filet tissues dissected; and the tissues stored at -80 degrees C until analysis. Fish tissues were extracted using solid-phase extraction and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the negative chemical ionization mode. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine and sertraline and the SSRI metabolites norfluoxetine and desmethylsertraline were detected at levels greater than 0.1 ng/g in all tissues examined from fish residing in a municipal effluent-dominated stream. To our knowledge, the present study is the first report of SSRI residues in fish residing within municipal effluent-dominated systems.

Human Error and Commercial Aviation Accidents: An Analysis Using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to extend previous examinations of aviation accidents to include specific aircrew, environmental, supervisory, and organizational factors associated with two ty...

The distribution of fluoxetine in human fluids and tissues.

Abstract: Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that was introduced in 1986. Certain side effects of this medication-drowsiness, dizziness, abnormal vision, diarrhea, and headache-could affect pilot performance and become a factor in an aviation accident. Our laboratory has determined the distribution of fluoxetine and its desmethyl metabolite, norfluoxetine, in various postmortem tissues and fluids from 10 fatal aviation accident cases. When available, 11 specimen types were analyzed for each case, including blood, urine, vitreous humor, bile, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, lung, spleen, heart muscle, and brain. Blood fluoxetine concentrations in these 10 cases ranged from 21 to 1480 ng/mL. The distribution coefficients for both fluoxetine and norfluoxetine, expressed as specimen/blood ratios, were determined. The distribution coefficients for fluoxetine were determined to be 0.9 +/- 0.4 for urine, 0.10 +/- 0.03 for vitreous humor, 9 +/- 1 for bile, 38 +/- 10 for liver, 60 +/- 17 for lung, 9 +/- 3 for kidney, 20 +/- 5 for spleen, 2.2 +/- 0.3 for muscle, 15 +/- 3 for brain, and 10 +/- 2 for heart. To our knowledge, this is the first report presenting the distribution of fluoxetine in humans at therapeutic concentrations.