Showing papers in "Forensic Science International in 2006"

TL;DR: The DNA Commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics regularly publishes guidelines and recommendations concerning the application of DNA polymorphisms to the problems of human identification, and the current recommendations address important aspects to clarify problems regarding the nomenclature, the definition of loci and alleles, population genetics and reporting methods.

TL;DR: The DNA commission of the ISFG was convened at the 21st congress of the International Society for Forensic Genetics to agree on guidelines to encourage best practice that can be universally applied to assist with mixture interpretation.

TL;DR: Developing teeth are used to assess maturity and estimate age in a number of disciplines, however the accuracy of different methods has not been systematically investigated, and results show that the most accurate method was by Haavikko (mean and individual teeth); and more accurate than the mean value of all developing teeth.

TL;DR: The authors investigated whether experts can objectively focus on feature information in fingerprints without being misled by extraneous information, such as context, and found that most of the fingerprint experts made different judgements, thus contradicting their own previous identification decisions.

TL;DR: Stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is an additional technique that can be utilised to test a given hypothesis and shows the potential to be able to individualise a range of materials of forensic interest.

TL;DR: The large-scale database presented in this paper offers a denser sampling of the facial soft tissue depths of a more representative subset of the actual Caucasian population over the different age and body posture subcategories and allows more refined analyses of the possible factors affecting facialsoft tissue depth.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of reported diagnostic methods is discussed in order to provide guidelines, which can be used in current forensic practice, and the combination of the autopsy findings and the diatom test is a good compromise in arriving at a conclusion.

TL;DR: An efficient strategy for identifying and characterizing single nucleotide polymorphisms is described, and that strategy is tested on a broad representation of world populations.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a forensic age estimate that combines the results of a physical examination, an X-ray of the hand and a dental examination which records dentition status and evaluates an orthopantomogram.

TL;DR: In this article, the ENFSI and EDNAP groups agreed that the process of standardization within Europe should take account of recent work that unequivocally demonstrated that chance of obtaining a result from a degraded sample was increased when small amplicons (mini-STRs) were analysed.

TL;DR: The developed technique showed promising results for dental age estimation in a non-invasive manner using cone-beam CT images in living individuals and a moderate correlation between the pulp/tooth volume ratio and biological age.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that specific Real-Time PCR assays are useful in identifying the source of the biological stain and stable and sensitive RNA profiling of various body fluids was even possible on samples stored over a long period of time at ambient temperature.

TL;DR: It is recommended that existing STR loci are reengineered to provide smaller amplicons, and the adoption of three new European core loci has been agreed.

TL;DR: The results highlight the importance of recording the position of larvae removed from a body and the care that should be used when extrapolating development rates from standard curves based on larvae fed on only a single medium, particularly where that is liver.

TL;DR: Variation in the extent of the competitive effects of larval overcrowding on Calliphora vomitoria reared on three different pig tissues was observed, highlighting the importance of documenting the positions from which entomological evidence is recovered from a corpse.

TL;DR: Evaluated the possibility of discrimination between inks by the use of spectrometric methods, i.e. micro-FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopic and XRF, found that about 90% of the samples of the same type and colour could be distinguished using these methods.

TL;DR: A flexible statistical model of a dense set of facial surface points, combined with an associated sparse set of skull-based landmarks is used, constructed from a facial database of individuals and limits the reconstructions to statistically plausible outlooks.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the low molecular weight STRs had substantial benefits to detect degraded samples and recommended adoption of three new mini-STR loci to improve the success rate of degraded DNA markers, concurrent with the reduction in size of the existing STR markers in current use.

TL;DR: A multiplex quantitative PCR assay has been designed to amplify target sequences of different length, which allows for the assessment of DNA degradation in samples of forensic interest, and this estimate, along with the internal control for PCR inhibition, provides a valuable tool for post-extraction sample assessment.

TL;DR: The present study is an attempt to assess sex and stature from long bones of the forearm using recently deceased forensic cases in Istanbul, Turkey, and results showed a sex determination accuracy as high as 96%.

TL;DR: A long-term intensive modelling activity of the investigative and crime analysis process that crosses the boundaries of different disciplines has been initiated, and a framework that fully integrates forensic case data shows through examples the capital accumulated that may be put to use systematically.

TL;DR: Having clearly defined stages and fewer stages allowed better reproducibility of third molar formation and was greater for mandibular third molars compared to maxillaryThird molars, and better for methods with fewer stages.

TL;DR: With the development of multi-disciplinary approaches to environmental analyses of crime scenes, far more detailed information is now available to law enforcement agencies, enabling them to determine with greater accuracy what may have happened during the commission of criminal activities.

TL;DR: The methodology and analytical methods used in nuclear forensic investigations are described and results of the various analytical techniques are shown, which reveal the origin of the material.

TL;DR: A simultaneous determination of 20 antidepressant drugs in human plasma offers an easier and more convenient screening method for antidepressants, and will be useful for forensic toxicology investigations.

TL;DR: The cannabinoid content of 13 different strains of cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa L.) was analyzed and a specific PCR marker for the THCA synthase gene for the "drug-type" strains was identified, but this PCR marker was not detected in the "fiber- type" strains.

TL;DR: A fatal overdose involving case by 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT) is reported and blood and urine levels were higher than published data for such poisoning.

TL;DR: In conclusion, chemical oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde in the presence of red blood cells has been shown to contribute to lowered ethanol concentrations in blood samples.

TL;DR: It can be concluded that a person with stage 4 is probably 21 years or older, while a stage 3 leads to an estimated age under 21 years, if this relevant statistic obstacle is defeated.

TL;DR: The proposed method first applies a polygonal approximation in order to reduce the complexity of the boundaries and then extracts relevant features of the polygon to carry out the local reconstruction.