Ebonyi State University

About: Ebonyi State University is a education organization based out in Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Pregnancy. The organization has 1351 authors who have published 1474 publications receiving 20111 citations.

Characterization and evaluation of the effects of mine discharges on surface water resources for irrigation: a case study of the Enyigba Mining District, Southeast Nigeria

Abstract: Mining activities generate much wastes which degenerate into various geochemical components and affect the natural composition of surface water resources. They cause Acid Mine Drainage (AMDs) and influence the hydrochemical evolution of the hydrogeological systems. This study employed hydrochemical parameters to characterize and evaluate the effects of mine discharges on irrigation surface water in the mining district of Enyigba, SE Nigeria. Twenty-four water samples were collected from surface water sources used for subsistence irrigation farming and analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium (Na+), potassium (K), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), bicarbonate (HCO3−), chloride (Cl−) and sulfate (SO42−), while various irrigation parameters including Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), Sodium Percentage (Na %), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Permeability Index (PI), Total Hardness (TH), Kelly Ratio (KR) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) were deduced. Result indicates hydrogeochemical trend of Cl− > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > SO42− > HCO3− + CO3 > Na+ + K+, while hydrogeochemical facies from Piper Trilinear plot, Durov and Schoeller plots shows that the dominant ionic species are the Mg2+, Cl−, and SO42−. Irrigation parameters such as SSP, MAR, Na %, SAR, PI, KR and EC indicate that majority of water sample are very good to moderately suitable for irrigation. Five samples around Amorie and Ameka are within the hard category for TH, which could be attributed to the high concentration of dissolved magnesium and calcium ion in the area. Apart from mine discharges, rock water interaction also affects the composition of surface water resources of the area.

Public Health Implication of Bacteriuria and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolates in Schistosoma haematobium-Infected School Pupils in Southeast Nigeria

Abstract: Schistosoma haematobium infection prevalence of 57% was observed among primary school pupils, with males more infected than females (60.3% vs. 49.5%). Light infection (78.9%) was higher than heavy infection (21.1%). Prevalence of bacteriuria was 88.4% in infected individuals. Escherichia coli (20.5%), Salmonella spp (16.1%), and Staphylococcus aureus (16.1%) were major isolates. A 100% bacterial susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and taravid, was observed and up to 100% resistance with tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and nitrofuratoin. Systematic schistosomicidal/antimicrobial treatment advocated.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria among antenatal care women in a tertiary hospital in Benin, Nigeria

Abstract: Introduction: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in pregnancy is associated with acute pyelonephritis, premature deliveries, low birth weight, still birth, pre-eclampsia, hypertension, anaemia, and postpartum endometritis. Early detection and treatment of this condition reduces the incidence of these complications. Objective: To determine the prevalence, associated bacteria agents and susceptibility, and risk factors of ASB among pregnant women at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixty five respondents were selected using systematic sampling method, between November 2011 and October 2012. These subjects provided clean catch midstream urine samples that were cultured, significant bacteriuric isolates were identified through biochemical tests and sensitivity against regular antimicrobial agents carried out. Data were analysed using SPSS version 16. Results: Of the 265 urine samples cultured, 28 (10.6%) had asymptomatic bacteriuria. Isolates were predominantly Escherichia coli (46.4%), Proteus species (14.3%), Enterococcus faecalis (10.7%), and Staphylococcus aureus (10.7%). These organisms were generally susceptible to tested antibiotics at different degrees. Risk factors included maternal age, parity, and level of education of the woman, as well as spouse's level of education. Occupation of the woman and that of the spouse, gestational age, religion, and ethnicity were not risk factors. Conclusion: Prevalence of ASB among pregnant women in University of Benin Teaching Hospital was 10.6%. Age, parity, and levels of education of both the women and the spouses were risk factors. Periodic surveillance of prevalence, etiology and antibiotics susceptibility is recommended.

A review of the incidence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure in Nigeria: Implications for universal health coverage.

Abstract: Background In the Nigerian context, preconditions for financial catastrophe are operational as there is high out-of-pocket spending (OOPS) on health with low capacity to pay, presence of user fees, and poor prepayment insurance coverage. We reviewed the incidence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) in Nigeria. Methods Databases including PubMed, OVID, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for primary research studies on the incidence and determinants of CHE in Nigeria published between 2003 and 2018. Search terms used include household, out-of-pocket expenditure, catastrophic health expenditure, and Nigeria. Results Twenty studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. At 10% of total household and nonfood expenditure, the incidence of CHE was 8.2% to 50%, while 3.2% to 100% households incurred CHE at 40% of nonfood expenditure. The incidence of CHE was higher among inpatients and studies with lower threshold definitions. Outpatient CHE was highest for type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis while human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care incurred the most CHE among inpatients. Determinants of CHE include wealth status, age, gender, place of residence/geographical location, household size/composition, educational status, health insurance status, illness, and health provider types. Conclusion There is a high incidence of CHE across various common health conditions in Nigeria. CHE was more among the poor, elderly, rural dwellers, private facility utilization, female gender, and noninsured among others. We recommend expansion of the National Health Insurance Scheme via informal social and financing networks platforms. Increased budgetary allocation to health and intersectoral collaboration will also play a significant role in CHE reduction.