Showing papers by "Hungarian Academy of Sciences published in 1978"
TL;DR: Given two discrete memoryless channels (DMC's) with a common input, a single-letter characterization is given of the achievable triples where R_{e} is the equivocation rate and the related source-channel matching problem is settled.
Abstract: Given two discrete memoryless channels (DMC's) with a common input, it is desired to transmit private messages to receiver 1 rate R_{1} and common messages to both receivers at rate R_{o} , while keeping receiver 2 as ignorant of the private messages as possible. Measuring ignorance by equivocation, a single-letter characterization is given of the achievable triples (R_{1},R_{e},R_{o}) where R_{e} is the equivocation rate. Based on this channel coding result, the related source-channel matching problem is also settled. These results generalize those of Wyner on the wiretap channel and of Korner-Marton on the broadcast Channel.
3,570 citations
168 citations
TL;DR: Using “alien” chromosome substitution lines of the wheat variety Chinese Spring, it was found that the chromosomes of homoeologous group 2 were important in determining the time to ear-emergence under different day lengths.
Abstract: Using “alien” chromosome substitution lines of the wheat variety Chinese Spring (CS), it was found that the chromosomes of homoeologous group 2 were important in determining the time to ear-emergence under different day lengths. In terms of their ability to produce plants insensitive to different day lengths, chromosome 2B of CS was the most potent, followed by 2A of CS, 2M of Aegilops comosa, 2Cu of Ae. umbellulata, 2D of CS and finally 2Rm of Secale montanum. Dominant epistasis towards insensitivity was observed.
166 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a solution for bipartite graphs is given for the problem of determining f (n, N) for certain hypergraphs. But this problem has been solved by Most-m KATZ [1] for ''nice\" N's.
Abstract: where the maximum is taken over all possible graphs G~. In information theory the problem came up to determine f (n, N) for certain hypergraphs. We give here a solution for graphs and for bipartite graphs. As Vera T. S6s kindly informed us, this problem has been solved by Most-m KATZ [1] for \"nice\" N's. In order to state our results we need the concepts of a quasi-complete graph and of a quasi-star. Suppose the vertices of the graph are denoted by 1, 2 . . . . . n. We define the quasi-complete graph C~ with N edges in the following way: i and j are connected for i, j<-a (i#j) and a + 1 is connected with 1, 2 . . . . . b, where a and b are determined by the unique representation
135 citations
TL;DR: Results are consistent with the hypothesis that pili of some enterotoxigenic E. coli facilitate adhesion to intestinal epithelia and confirm the role of somatic pili as colonization and virulence factors.
Abstract: Pregnant swine (gilts) were vaccinated parenterally with a suspension of purified pili from the porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain 987 (09:K103::NM). Gilts injected with placebo served as controls. Suckling pigs born to gilts in both groups were challenged intragastrically with virulent strain 987. The percentage of deaths, incidence and duration of diarrhea, numbers of E. coli in the ilea, and E. coli attachment to the villous epithelia were significantly less in suckling pigs of vaccinated gilts than in those of controls. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that pili of some enterotoxigenic E. coli facilitate adhesion to intestinal epithelia. Vaccination of dams with pili appears to be a means of immunizing against diarrheal disease caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli in suckling neonates. This work confirms the role of somatic pili as colonization and virulence factors and provides another example of safe and effective purified pilus vaccines.
135 citations
TL;DR: It is proved that of F, the uniform hypergraph, then the chromatic number of F is equal to 2, and the general (not necessarily uniform) case too is also proved.
112 citations
TL;DR: Incubation of the high-speed supernatant from the Kc cell line of Drosophila melanogaster with [3H]ponasterone A results in significant binding of the ligand as determined by gel filtration and dextran-coated charcoal binding assays.
Abstract: Incubation of the high-speed supernatant from the Kc cell line of Drosophila melanogaster with [3H]ponasterone A results in significant binding of the ligand as determined by gel filtration and dextran-coated charcoal binding assays. In vivo exposure of the Kc line to [3H]ponasterone A for 30 min results in a marked binding of the ligand by a KCl-soluble nuclear extract. With both the cytosol and nuclear preparations the binding has specificity and a low dissociation constant (3 X 10(-9) M). In addition the labeling of the nuclear preparation exhibits a saturation at approximately 7 X 10(-10) M which probably reflects the molar concentration of cytoplasmic receptors.
106 citations
TL;DR: The existence in human and rodent cells of caffeine-inhibited genome repair for x-ray damage is indicated and the effect of caffeine on the x-rays survival curve of these cells was to remove the initial shoulder without significantly altering the mean lethal dose (D/sub 0/).
Abstract: A 16 to 20 hr postirradiation incubation with caffeine enhances x-ray killing of rodent and human cells. Cells tested were Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1), lung (CHL), V79, mouse L, HeLa S3, human fibroblasts (AF288, TC171, FS9, CRL1166), and a human-hamster hybrid. The effect of caffeine on the x-ray survival curve of these cells was to remove the initial shoulder without significantly altering the mean lethal dose (D/sub 0/). This action can be achieved at caffeine concentrations which of themselves cause less than 15% killing. In randomly growing CHO-K1 cells the caffeine-sensitive process occurs with a half-time of 2 to 5 hr after irradiation. These experiments indicate the existence in human and rodent cells of caffeine-inhibited genome repair for x-ray damage.
104 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that above a certain concentration of the enzymes the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate produced by aldolase gets direct access to glyceral dehyde-3-ph phosphate dehydrogenase without participating in the aldehyde leads to diol interconversion which otherwise would occur if the substrate were to mix with the bulk medium.
Abstract: The Possibility of interaction between purified rabbit muscle aldolase and d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was studied by rapid kinetic methods, by analyzing the kinetics of the consecutive reaction catalyzed by the coupled enzyme system.
The Km of the intermediary product, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, produced by aldolase was determined in the coupled reaction for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Its value corresponds to that of the aldehyde (active) from of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, although in the given conditions the aldehyde diol interconversion is faster than the enzymic reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
We suggest that above a certain concentration of the enzymes the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate produced by aldolase gets direct access to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase without participating in the aldehyde diol interconversion which otherwise would occur if the substrate were to mix with the bulk medium.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the invariance principle for sums of independent identically distributed random variables is studied and the sharpest results of this theory are presented with a sketch of their proofs and some unsolved problems are given.
86 citations
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of finding optimal reservoir capacities by minimizing total building cost eventually plus a penalty, where a reliability type constraint is prescribed, further lower and upper bounds for the capacities are prescribed.
Abstract: Mathematically a natural river system is a rooted directed tree where the orientations of the edges coincide with the directions of the streamflows. Assume that in some of the river valleys it is possibie to build reservoirs the purpose of which will be to retain the flood, once a year, say. The problem is to find optimal reservoir capacities by minimizing total building cost eventually plus a penalty, where a reliability type constraint, further lower and upper bounds for the capacities are prescribed. The solution of the obtained nonlinear programming problem is based on the supporting hyperplane method of Veinott combined with simulation of multivariate probability distributions. Numerical illustrations are given.
TL;DR: In this paper, a finite set of cardinality n is defined as a set of nonnegative integers with 11 enr-1 (c = e(k) is a constant depending on k).
Abstract: Let X be a finite set of cardinality n. IfL = {ll,...,l,}is a set of nonnegative integers with 11 enr-1(c = e(k) is a constant depending on k), then (i)there exists an
TL;DR: A new upper bound is given for the cycle-complete graph Ramsey number r(C,,,, K„), the smallest order for a graph which forces it to contain either a cycle of order m or a set of ri independent vertices.
Abstract: A new upper bound is given for the cycle-complete graph Ramsey number r(C,,,, K„), the smallest order for a graph which forces it to contain either a cycle of order m or a set of ri independent vertices
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that due to the hybridisation between the one-particle excitation and the two-roton states in superfluid 4He, the interaction between the rotons is characterised by an affective rotonroton coupling.
Abstract: It is shown that due to the hybridisation between the one-particle excitation and the two-roton states in superfluid 4He the interaction between the rotons is characterised by an affective roton-roton coupling g4eff instead of the bare roton-roton coupling. The magnitude of this interaction, estimated from the neutron scattering measurements at momentum transfer between 2.4 AA-1 and 3.5 AA-1, is g4eff approximately=-1*10-38 erg cm3 and therefore the neutron scattering measurements show the existence of the two-roton bound state even at large momentum values.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the role of the thermal conditions in the creation of the electrically conductive zones in both the crust and mantle, and concluded that partial melting of the upper mantle occurs only where q ⪞ 42 m W m −2 ≅ 1 HFU.
TL;DR: It is proved that double hashing is asymptotically equivalent to uniform probing for load factors α not exceeding a certain constant α 0 = 0.31….
TL;DR: Five new mutants were isolated on the X-chromosome which prevent or substantially delay puparium formation and subsequent metamorphosis without affecting larval development and could not be induced to pupariate by the implanted wild type ring gland.
Abstract: Five new mutants were isolated on the X-chromosome which prevent or substantially delay puparium formation and subsequent metamorphosis without affecting larval development. The mutant phenotype probably involves stage-specific gene functions unimportant for the larval development but vital for puparium formation and for the beginning of metamorphosis. Two mutants gave larval-puparial gynanders (LPG) and could not be induced to pupariate by the implanted wild type ring gland. The block in these is possibly in some ecdysone-inducible autonomous functions of the larval hypoderm. The other 3 mutants did not form LPG while the implanted wild type ring gland induced pupariation. These mutants presumably have a low, subthreshold amount of ecdysone which is not able to induce pupariation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the cartesian product of two hamiltonian graphs is shown to be Hamiltonian if and only if the greatest common divisor (g.c.d.)d ofn, and n2 is at least two and there exist positive integers d, d2so thatd, + d2= d and g.cd.d.
Abstract: The cartesian product of two hamiltonian graphs is always hamiltonian . For directed graphs, the analogous statement is false . We show that the cartesian product C, x C„ 2of directed cycles is hamiltonian if and only if the greatest common divisor (g.c.d.)d ofn, and n2is at least two and there exist positive integers d,, d2so thatd, + d2= d and g.c.d.(n,,d,) = g.c.d. (n2, d2)= 1. We also discuss some number-theoretic problems motivated by this result .
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this article, normal and senile cataractous lenses were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance in order to get information about the state of water during the progression of cataracts, and the most characteristic difference between the normal and completely opaque lenses should be accounted for by the change in the bound-to-free ratio of lens water.
Abstract: Normal and senile cataractous lenses were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance in order to get information about the state of water during the progression of cataract. Water proton spin-spin (T2) and spin-lattice relaxation times—in the laboratory and the rotating frame—() were measured at 34 and 90 MHz. At temperatures below −9°C the relaxation times of protons in “non-freezable” component of lens water were measured as a function of the temperature, and T1 and T2 relaxation times were found to be the same for both the normal and the cataractous lenses. At temperatures above −9°C a marked difference in relaxation times T1 and T2 was found between normal and completely opaque lenses. It was concluded that the most characteristic difference between the normal and completely opaque lenses should be accounted for by the change in the “bound”-to-“free” ratio of lens water.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that if c > 0, then there is a constant l(c) such that if G n ⊆C k (t) for k = 3, 5, 2l (c) + 1, then one can omit [cn 2 ] edges from G n so that the obtained graph is bipartite, provided n > n 0 (c, t).
Abstract: The theory of extremal graphs without a fixed set of forbidden subgraphs is well developed. However, rather little is known about extremal graphs without forbidden subgraphs whose orders tend to ∞ with the order of the graph. In this note we deal with three problems of this latter type. Let L be a fixed bipartite graph and let L + E m be the join of L with the empty graph of order m. As our first problem we investigate the maximum of the size e(G n ) of a graph G n (i.e. a graph of order n) provided G n ⊅L + E[ cn , where c > 0 is a constant. In our second problem we study the maximum of e(G n ) if G n ⊅K 2 (r,cn) and G n ⊅ K 3 . The third problem is of a slightly different nature. Let C k (t) be obtained from a cycle C k by multiplying each vertex by t. We shall prove that if c > 0 then there exists a constant l(c) such that if G n ⊅C k (t) for k = 3, 5, 2l(c) + 1, then one can omit [cn 2 ] edges from G n so that the obtained graph is bipartite, provided n > n 0 (c, t).
TL;DR: A simultaneous radioenzymatic assay for catecholamines and DOPAC has been developed and the biochemical responses of nigrostriatal and tubero-infundibular dopaminergic neurons may be analogous.
TL;DR: The high ascorbic acid concentration in the brain inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by various agents in rat brain microsomes and the physiological importance of the fact is discussed.
Abstract: The high ascorbic acid concentration in the brain inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by various agents in rat brain microsomes The physiological importance of the fact is discussed
TL;DR: A family of sets {A k } is called a strong d system if the intersection of any two of its members is the same, i .e .
TL;DR: The somatic hybrid nature of four such colonies was confirmed by isoenzyme pattern, kanamycin resistance and restored morphogenic potential and an additional Kanamycin resistant line with characteristic Nicotiana knightiana isoenzymes was found indicating that the drug resistant parent is under cytoplasmic control.
Abstract: Fusion of Nicotiana knightiana Goodsp. and kanamycin resistant Nicotiana sylvestris Speg. et Com. protoplasts was induced by polyethylene glycol treatment. Heterokaryons were isolated by micropipette and transferred to nurse cultures of albino cells. Colonies originating from the heterokaryons could subsequently be distinguished by their green colour. The somatic hybrid nature of four such colonies was confirmed by isoenzyme pattern, kanamycin resistance and restored morphogenic potential. An additional kanamycin resistant line with characteristic Nicotiana knightiana isoenzymes was also found indicating that the drug resistance in the kanamycin resistant parent is under cytoplasmic control.
TL;DR: In this article, the dependence of electron mobility on temperature and conduction state energy in saturated liquid hydrocarbons is measured in order to evaluate the mobilities in the localized and in the quasifree state and the energies of the localized state.
Abstract: The dependences of excess electron mobility on temperature and conduction state energy in saturated liquid hydrocarbons are measured in order to evaluate the mobilities in the localized and in the quasifree state and the energies of the localized state. These quantities appeared earlier as adjustable parameters of a two‐state electron model. Localized electron mobility is described in terms of the motion of a microscopic bubble. The transport of the quasifree electrons is regarded as that of a plane wave scattered by density fluctuations of the liquid. This model, combined with the mobility equation of Cohen and Lekner, finds reasonable agreement with experimental values which vary between 34 and about 400 cm2 V−1 sec−1.
TL;DR: About 1% of linolenic acid in the diet is required to keep lipogenesis at a low level as well as to prevent hyperproduction of oleic acid, which seems to play a subordinate role in regulating lipogenesis in carp liver.
TL;DR: In this article, the Kalpha /Kbeta intensity ratios were measured for X-rays from Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Se and Y produced by electrons of 300-600 keV using a Cockcroft-Walton accelerator.
Abstract: The Kalpha /Kbeta intensity ratios were measured for X-rays from Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Se and Y produced by electrons of 300-600 keV by using a Cockcroft-Walton accelerator. Absolute K-shell ionisation cross sections were also determined for Cu and Se.
TL;DR: In this paper, the normal and vacuum uv spectra of cytosine, 5-azacytosine and 6azacytsine thin layers were determined using the PPP-SCF-CI method.
Abstract: The normal and vacuum uv spectra of cytosine, 5-azacytosine, and 6-azacytosine thin layers were determined. The spectra were resolved into a series of Gaussian bands and the experimental band positions and oscillator strengths were compared with the calculated values. The calculations were carried out with the PPP-SCF-CI method. The agreement of the calculations with those of others and with the experiment is discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give an integral test for P(M+(t)
Abstract: Let M+(t) and −M−(t) be the maximum and minimum of a Wiener process on the interval (O,t). This paper gives an integral test for P(M+(t)
TL;DR: The results permit the conclusion that psychotropic drugs exert their effects on endogenous prostaglandin, (PG) biosynthesis in the rat brain homogenates by inhibiting various activation processes.