Japan International Cooperation Agency

About: Japan International Cooperation Agency is a government organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 555 authors who have published 613 publications receiving 9536 citations.

Cryptosporidium spp. in bursa of Fabricius of broiler chickens from Uruguay

Abstract: The presence of Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in broiler chickens of 32-40 days of age, colonizing the bursa of Fabricius. The histologic study with haematoxylin and eosin staining was done on specimens of trachea, complete intestinal tract and bursa. Samples of intestinal content were also studied using Kinyoun staining technique. All birds with signs of illness were positive to the presence of parasite, showing a hypertrophic bursa of Fabricius, filled with caseous content. The bursal epithelial cells were full of different developmental stages of Cryptosporidium spp. This note describing the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in industrial flocks of broiler chickens, is the first report of this parasite in Uruguay

Assessment of health-care waste generation and its management strategy in the Gaza Strip, Palestine

Abstract: The situation of health-care waste in the Gaza Strip was threatening the environment and the public health due to the absence of appropriate health-care waste (HCW) handling, treatment, and disposal. In 2016, the total amount of HCW generated was estimated about 7199 kg day−1. Around 20% of the wastes was infectious, and the on-site segregation was done only for sharps in most health care facilities, while other infectious wastes were comingled with noninfectious normal wastes. In 2017, a new strategy for the health-care waste management (HCWM) was adopted. The strategy stated the necessity to segregate the HCW into three categories at the generation source to sharps, infectious wastes, and noninfectious wastes. The strategy was implemented over 40 clinics. The proper on-site segregation of the infectious and sharps showed that 2.4 kg day−1 and 0.7 kg day−1 of wastes is generated from UNRWA and Ministry of Health (MOH) clinics, respectively. This generation quantity accounts for a rate of 11 g per outpatient at UNRWA clinics and a ratio of 9.5 g per outpatient at MOH clinics. These quantities account for 33% and 54% of the total waste from UNRWA and governmental clinics in South and Middle Gaza.

Phylogenetic analysis of wild-type 1 polioviruses isolated during the final period of transmission in Turkey.

Abstract: The last poliomyelitis case associated with a wild poliovirus in Turkey occurred in November 1998. This was the last known case of paralytic poliomyelitis caused by indigenous wild poliovirus in the World Health Organization's European Region. This study investigated the genetic relationships of wild-type 1 polioviruses at the latest period of transmission. A phylogenetic tree was constructed on the basis of the VP1/2A sequence from 14 wild-type 1 polioviruses isolated from Turkey in 1994-1998, along with those from other areas of the world. The Turkey isolates in the latest period of transmission were closely related to each other, forming a cluster distinct from other strains. The results showed that these viruses had been spreading indigenously in the eastern and south-eastern parts of Turkey, and ceased transmission there during 1998. This finding serves as a reference for future poliovirus surveillance both in Turkey and worldwide.

Epilogue: From the Sky and from the Earth

Abstract: This very short epilogue briefly presents a way of viewing the world, which people’s movements are and will be forming.