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Institution

Japan International Cooperation Agency

GovernmentTokyo, Japan
About: Japan International Cooperation Agency is a government organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 555 authors who have published 613 publications receiving 9536 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors construct a simple model of collective action with the free rider problem, altruism, public goods, and positive externalities of social networks, and empirically test the theoretical implications of the group size effect on individual contribution to collective action, i.e., monetary or nonmonetary contribution to directly or indirectly productive activities.
Abstract: In a canonical model of collective action, individual contribution to collective action is negatively correlated with group size. Yet, empirical evidence on the group size effect has been mixed, partly due to heterogeneities in group activities. In this paper, we first construct a simple model of collective action with the free rider problem, altruism, public goods, and positive externalities of social networks. We then empirically test the theoretical implications of the group size effect on individual contribution to four different types of collective action, i.e., monetary or nonmonetary contribution to directly or indirectly productive activities. To achieve this, we collect and employ artefactual field experimental data such as public goods and dictator games conducted in southern Sri Lanka under a natural experimental situation where the majority of farmers were relocated to randomly selected communities based on the government lottery. This unique situation enables us to identify the causal effects of community size on collective action. We find that the levels of collective action can be explained by the social preferences of farmers. We also show evidence of free riding by self-interested households with no landholdings. The pattern of collective action, however, differs significantly by mode of activity — collective action that is directly rather than indirectly related to production is less likely to suffer from the free rider problem. Also, monetary contribution is less likely to cause free riding than nonmonetary labor contribution. Unlike labor contributions, monetary contributions involve collection of fees which can be easily tracked and verified, possibly leading to better enforcement of collective action.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The remaining coverage gaps in MNCH care indicate the need for maternal and child care to continue throughout the prenatal and postnatal periods to achieve the country's UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the record of O2/N2 ratios in air occluded in the GISP2 ice core retrieved from Summit, Greenland is discussed. But, the majority of poorly replicated samples are from the depth zone associated with the transition between gas in bubbles and gas present as clathrate hydrates.
Abstract: [1] We present and discuss the record of O2/N2 ratios in air occluded in the GISP2 ice core retrieved from Summit, Greenland. In this study, we examine results for 601 samples from 331 depths measured by 1994, and 92 samples from 46 depths newly measured in 2006. Poorly replicated samples, samples with no replicates and samples falling more than three standard deviations from the mean of each δO2/N2 data set are excluded from the analysis. The majority of poorly replicated samples are from the depth zone associated with the transition between gas in bubbles and gas present as clathrate hydrates. We found that the O2/N2 ratio of samples is depleted by an average value of 7.3‰ during 11 years of storage at −35°C O2/N2 ratios measured at various times were corrected for depletion during storage and combined to form a single data set. The stacked GISP2 δO2/N2 record shows strong spectral power at the orbital frequencies, and δO2/N2 is in antiphase with local summer insolation. This observation is consistent with the earlier findings for the Vostok and Dome Fuji ice cores from East Antarctica. It validates previous conclusions that fractionation during bubble close-off depends on ice grain properties set at the surface by solar insolation. In addition, the GISP2 δO2/N2 record shows millennial duration signals that are in phase with the local temperature record of rapid climate change. The exact mechanisms by which local summer insolation induces orbital variability in δO2/N2, and by which temperature (or related properties) induce high frequency signals in δO2/N2, remain to be identified.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the key factors for improving the quality of environmental impact assessment reports through statistical tests and path analysis were examined, and the Lee-Colley review package was used to revie...
Abstract: This study examined the key factors for improving the quality of environmental impact assessment reports through statistical tests and path analysis. The Lee-Colley review package was used to revie...

22 citations


Authors

Showing all 565 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Christopher B. Barrett9571337968
Dirk U. Pfeiffer6445718453
Motoyuki Ashikari5714217888
Kazuyoshi Ikuta5147210876
Yoshihide Fujiyama513519288
Eisei Noiri502348932
Goro Yoshizaki482426510
Hak Hotta432186280
Yasuhiko Suzuki433147179
Akira Kaneko381164259
Kent Doi382145198
Takaaki Nakaya361294318
Yoshimasa Yamamoto331453977
Kazuhito Fujiyama321332960
Fumito Maruyama301093354
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20234
202224
202129
202040
201935
201828