Showing papers by "Miami University published in 1971"
TL;DR: Variation in energy content of the Daphnia appeared to be related to known changes in population numbers and the influence of significant changes in caloric contents of food organisms on the daily ration of predator fish species is discussed.
Abstract: Intraseasonal changes in caloric contents of planktonic cladocerans (Daphnia spp. and Leptodora kindtii), amphipods (Hyalella azteca), and chironomid larvae (primarily Glyptotendipes sp.) were studied in 1968. Mid—summer decreases of 823, 2117, and 422 g—cal/g dry weight were observed in the Daphnia, L. kindtii, and H. azteca, respectively. Calorica content of Daphnia increased again during August and early September. The energy content of chironomid larvae increased steadily during June and July and then declined. The low value (4899 g—cal/g dry weight) occurred on 9 September. Variation in energy content of the Daphnia appeared to be related to known changes in population numbers. The influence of significant changes in caloric contents of food organisms on the daily ration of predator fish species is discussed.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a method for deriving such distributions using several predictive criteria is presented, where an individual's accident experience is assumed to be a Poisson process with the parameter a linear function of criterion variables, and an iterative weighted least squares procedure is used to solve the system of maximum likelihood equations required for estimating this parameter.
Abstract: Various accident frequency models have appeared in the literature which predict the distribution of future accidents based on the number of past accidents. This article presents a method for deriving such distributions using several predictive criteria. It is assumed that an individual's accident experience is a Poisson process with the parameter a linear function of criterion variables. An iterative weighted least-squares procedure is used to solve the system of maximum likelihood equations required for estimating this parameter and a large sample test procedure is illustrated. The tenability of the model is viewed in the light of actual data.
57 citations
TL;DR: For each integer e > 2, a class of somewhat more than φ ( e ) pairwise non-isomorphic quadrangles is exhibited and shown to yield nonisomorphic (v, k, λ)-designs as discussed by the authors.
49 citations
48 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a procedure for testing for the equality of latent roots of a matrix, when the associated random matrix has certain distribution, against the alternative that at least two of the roots are unequal.
Abstract: : The authors proposed a procedure for testing for the equality of latent roots of a matrix, when the associated random matrix has certain distribution, against the alternative that at least two of the roots are unequal The random matrices considered are (1) Wishart matrix; (2) (S sub 1)(S sub 2)superscript -1; (3) matrix connected with MANOVA; and, (4) matrix associated with canonical correlations; here S sub 1 and S sub 2 are independently distributed central Wishart matrices (Author)
36 citations
TL;DR: It was found that the tuberculostasis in mycobactin-neutralized serum was reconstituted by the addition of iron-free transferrin (Tr), and the investigation of the interplay between myc Cobactin and Tr revealed that myc cobactin does not serve as a growth factor but as a carrier of growth-essential iron which mycOBactin provides to tubercle bacilli in a utilizable form.
Abstract: Tubercle bacilli exposed to an iron-poor medium multiplied at a slower rate but released more of the serum-tuberculostasis neutralizing factor (TNF) than the bacilli in an iron-rich medium. This growth-promoting factor found in spent medium exhibited characteristics which suggested its relationship to or identity with mycobactin. The identity of these two bacillary products was established by showing that both iron-free mycobactin and TNF promoted bacillary multiplication in tuberculostatic serum. This study resolved a long-standing controversy as to whether mycobactin serves as a growth factor or as a carrier of iron for tubercle bacilli. It was found that the tuberculostasis in mycobactin-neutralized serum was reconstituted by the addition of iron-free transferrin (Tr). The investigation of the interplay between mycobactin and Tr revealed that mycobactin does not serve as a growth factor but as a carrier of growth-essential iron which mycobactin (as contrasted to Tr) provides to tubercle bacilli in a utilizable form.
30 citations
TL;DR: Cytokinesis essentially similar to that of vascular plants occurs in Ulothrix, an unbranched filamentous greenAlgae, and cell plate formation and plasmodesmata also occur in Stigeoclonium, a branched green alga.
Abstract: SUMMARY
Cytokinesis essentially similar to that of vascular plants occurs in Ulothrix, an unbranched filamentous green alga. Plasmodesmata, similar to those of vascular plants, but different from those of many other algae, are also present. Cell plate formation and plasmodesmata also occur in Stigeoclonium, a branched green alga.
25 citations
TL;DR: Hydroxylysine acts as a growth inhibitor of Saccharomyces for a certain period of time and exerts a significant inhibition in vitro on the homocitric acid-synthesizing activity.
Abstract: Hydroxylysine acts as a growth inhibitor of Saccharomyces for a certain period of time. The inhibition is concentration-dependent and is reversed by a small amount of lysine in the medium. After the growth-inhibitory period, the wild-type cells are able to grow rapidly even in the presence of hydroxylysine. Both lysine auxotrophs and wild-type cells are unable to utilize hydroxylysine in place of lysine. Hydroxylysine, mimicking lysine, controls the biosynthesis of lysine and thereby limits the availability of biosynthetic lysine to the cells. Hydroxylysine affects the biosynthesis of lysine at a number of enzymatic steps. Accumulation of homocitric acid, the first intermediate of lysine biosynthesis, in the mutant strains 19B and A B9 is reduced significantly in the presence of hydroxylysine. Hydroxylysine, like lysine, exerts a significant inhibition in vitro on the homocitric acid-synthesizing activity. Enzymes following the alpha-aminoadipic acid step respond in a noncoordinate fashion to hydroxylysine. Level of the enzyme saccharopine reductase, but not of alpha-aminoadipic acid reductase or saccharopine dehydrogenase, is reduced significantly. These regulatory effects of hydroxylysine are similar to those observed for lysine.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the CNDO/2-SCFMO method was used to calculate the relative stabilities of the isomers, the barriers (inversion and rotation) to interconversion between the isomer, and the effect of alkyl substitution and inclusion of 3d orbitals on the relative stability and the barriers.
24 citations
Journal Article•
22 citations
TL;DR: The pollen morphology of 30 species representing eleven closely related Solanaceous genera was investigated using standard palynological techniques, light microscopy, and computer statistical analysis to establish a basis forPalynological separation of most of the genera and some of the species.
Abstract: The pollen morphology of 30 species representing eleven closely related Solanaceous genera was investigated using standard palynological techniques, light microscopy, and computer statistical analysis. The genera studied were Athenaea Sendtn., Capsicum L., Chamaesaracha Gray, Nothocestrum Gray, Physalis L., Saracha Ruiz et Pav., Solanum L., Withania Panq., and Witheringia L'Herit. of the subtribe Solaninae and Acnistus Schott. and Lycium L. of the subtribe Lyciinae. The pollen of many of these taxa have not been studied in detail previously and have been reported to be morphologically similar. Comprehensive examination of the combined qualitative and quantitative data established a basis for palynological separation of most of the genera and some of the species. A diagnostic generic key, pollenmorphological descriptions of the genera, photomicrographs, and statistical analyses of the taxa in the “Solaninae complex” are presented.
TL;DR: In this article, a two-stage estimate for the mean vector of a multivariate distribution is proposed for the situation in which the prior knowledge about the mean vectors can be expressed in the form of an initial estimate.
Abstract: A two-stage estimate for the mean vector of a multivariate distribution is proposed for the situation in which the prior knowledge about the mean vector can be expressed in the form of an initial estimate. The proposed estimate is compared with the sample mean based on a single sample of equivalent size. The proposed estimate is also compared with the Bayes' estimate based on an equivalent sample. The latter comparison has been accomplished only for the univariate case.
TL;DR: The generalized quadrangles of order (s, t ) constructed by Ahrens and Szekeres and by Hall as discussed by the authors were shown to yield a rather more general construction, where s = q − 1, t = q + 1, q any prime power.
TL;DR: M extracted from BCG or H(37)Rv cells neutralized serum tuberculostasis as effectively for the homologous as for heterologous strains, however, the extract of virulent bacilli was much more active in the neutralization than similar extract prepared from attenuated cells.
Abstract: Mycobactin (M), an iron-chelating product of tubercle bacilli, neutralized serum tuberculostasis by removing growth-essential iron from transferrin (Tr) and supplying the metal to the bacteria. The competition for iron between Tr and M has been demonstrated by the agar-plate diffusion test. This test is suitable not only for the study of Tr-iron-M interplay but also for the evaluation of serum tuberculostasis. Extremely poor solubility of M in water and consequently its association with lipoidal cell wall of tubercle bacillus was overcome by the use of water-dispersible and surface-active Tween 80. The addition of Tween 80 to culture media insured the presence of M in spent media; otherwise M was extracted from bacillary cells with a solution of Tween 80 or a mixture of ethanol and Tween 80. Although M was produced irrespective of the amount of iron present in culture medium, its production in iron-poor medium was more prolific than in iron-rich medium. M extracted from BCG or H37Rv cells neutralized serum tuberculostasis as effectively for the homologous as for heterologous strains. However, the extract of virulent bacilli was much more active in the neutralization than similar extract prepared from attenuated cells; whether this difference is of quantitative or qualitative nature remains to be determined.
TL;DR: The ring test, immunodiffusion, and immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that king snake serum contained at least one antibody for antigens in moccasin venom, and venom proteases were inhibited by serum on gelatin and casein substrates.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the Me group on the charge distribution and relative stabilities of the conjugated ions with an odd number of atoms in the chain was evaluated using the CNDO/2-SCFMO method.
TL;DR: The complete vibrational spectra of Iodoacetic acid and sodium iodoacetate have been recorded and a tentative vibrational assignment for both molecules is proposed based on these spectra, the infrared spectra and previous results with other halogenated acetic acids.
TL;DR: The presence of trypsin in the digestive fluid was based on the isolation of a single CANA specific proteinase that hydrolyzes TAME and BAPA with alkaline pH optima, is inhibited by ovomucoid and TLCK and has a molecular weight of approximately 23,000.
Abstract: 1.
1. Several proteolytic digestive enzymes were identified when digestive fluid extracts of Nereis brandti were subjected to acrylamide gel electrophoresis and included an acidic trypsin that is stable at an alkaline pH.
2.
2. The presence of trypsin in the digestive fluid was based on the isolation of a single CANA specific proteinase that hydrolyzes TAME and BAPA with alkaline pH optima, is inhibited by ovomucoid and TLCK and has a molecular weight of approximately 23,000.
3.
3. Since CANA activity can be attributed to a single proteolytic component, the histochemical substrate should be useful in the elucidation of the specific area of the digestive tract responsible for the production and secretion of trypsin.
TL;DR: The results of this study support an hypothesis regarding mechanisms of vestibular activation by intense infra- and audiofrequency sound, and suggest a new stimulus technique for neurophysiological investigations of the Vestibular pathway and central sensory integration.
Abstract: Increases and decreases of action potential (pulse) rate were observed in some single vestibular ganglion nerve cells of the guinea pig in response to pressure changes in the external auditory meatus. Minimum stimulus intensities necessary to elicit clear responses were in the range of 1-2 cm Hg. These results (1) support an hypothesis regarding mechanisms of vestibular activation by intense infra- and audiofrequency sound, and (2) suggest a new stimulus technique for neurophysiological investigations of the vestibular pathway and central sensory integration.
TL;DR: The findings suggest that an aiding response may most appreciably be encouraged by dealing directly with the behavior rather than by manipulating antecedent affective or cognitive states.
Abstract: The present study investigated the effects of experimentally induced high and low self-esteem on altruistic behavior. While 31% of the female Ss and 46% of the male Ss in the experimental groups offered to help a female passerby carry a bulky load of boxes, these figures did not differ from those of a control group, even when competence feedback was augmented by verbal confrontation. The findings stressed the importance of using a nonreactive, unobtrusive measure of altruism and suggest that an aiding response may most appreciably be encouraged by dealing directly with the behavior rather than by manipulating antecedent affective or cognitive states.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of warning on the number of electrical shocks given in the Prisoner's Dilemma game was investigated. But the effect on the amount of cooperation between players was not investigated.
Abstract: It has been generally accepted that if both players in a two-person game have a means of retaliation they will use it to their mutual detriment (Deutsch and Krauss, 1960; Komorita, Shepesh, and Braver, 1968). The present authors suggest that the loss of points incurred by the use of the "gate" (Deutsch and Krauss, 1960) and the point reduction used as threat (Komorita, Shepesh, and Braver, 1968) have important differences from the "real life" situation to which they are usually generalized. It is believed that point reduction makes the game more complex and puts the emphasis on competition (Kelly, 1965). In "real life" punishment is not in the same mode or currency as the "game" being played. This experiment therefore tests the effect of punishment outside the point structure (electric shock) on the amount of cooperation between players. In an attempt to make the results even more generalizable to "real life" situations, the effect of being able to warn the other individual of one's readiness to punish is also studied. Two rival hypotheses are possible concerning the effect of warning on the number of electrical shocks given. One hypothesis, coming from animal social behavior suggests that a warning signal serves the function of reducing the amount of actual physical combat occurring within a group. Failure to learn these warning signals has been repeatedly used as an explanation for the increased aggression shown in the isolate-reared and the zoo-reared animals. An alternate hypothesis which comes from the human literature suggest that repeated warnings will cause the subject to actually go through with the threatened electrical shock as a means of saving face by remaining "true to his word". To investigate these questions, we used a version of the Prisoner's Dilemma game.
TL;DR: The pyruvate kinase of Rhodotorula glutinis is insensitive to activation by fructose 1–6 diphosphate, and the same enzyme of two other oxidative yeasts, Endomycopsis javenensis and Torulopsis famata is similarly unresponsive.
TL;DR: A simple enzymic method for the preparation of radioactive saccharopine has been described using l-lysine-UL-14C, α-ketoglutaric acid, NADH + H+, and a yeast cell-free extract.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors test the effect of effect motivation produced by exposure to a confusing and non-predictable stimulus situation on the similarity-liking effect and conclude that arousal produced by the video tape dampened the effect.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to test Byrne and Clore's hypothesis that at high levels of “effectance motivation” (produced by exposure to a confusing and non-predictable stimulus situation) the similarity-liking effect is lessened because individuals become less sensitive to environmental variation. 240 Ss were randomly assigned to conditions in which (1) the attitude responses of a target person were either variable or constant, (2) the target's attitudes were similar to S‘s own on 17, 50, or 83% of the topics, and (3) Ss were exposed either to a control movie or to a confusing and unpredictable video tape prior to evaluating the target. Results indicated that target variability and similarity significantly affected both perception and liking of the target and that arousal produced by the video tape dampened the similarity-liking effect. Contrary to Byrne and Clore's hypothesis, however, arousal did not reduce sensitivity to environmental variation. It was concluded that these data require revision of t...
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: Experimental investigation of the key question of the origin of life concerning the chronological order in the primordial sequence of nucleic acid, protein, and cell made help to establish a basis for understanding how information originally flowed from proteins to nucleic acids.
Abstract: Experimental investigation of the key question of the origin of life concerning the chronological order in the primordial sequence of nucleic acid, protein, and cell. It is pointed out that, when viewed against the background of experiments on the selective reaction of basic homopolyamine acids with mononucleotides (Lacey and Pruitt, 1969; Woese, 1968), the experiments made help to establish a basis for understanding how information originally flowed from proteins to nucleic acids.