Showing papers in "Explorations in Economic History in 1971"

TL;DR: In the 1890s, it became clear that Britain had lost the industrial leadership of the world to Germany and the United States as mentioned in this paper, and there was much talk of commercial invasion and industrial defeat.

TL;DR: This paper attempts to demonstrate that a fundamental transition in the state of health occurred in the decade of the eighties, that average mortality and life expectancy improved little, and very likely worsened, prior to 1880, but improved rapidly thereafter.

TL;DR: To the extent that industrial invention is economically caused, its explanation falls within the province of the theory of economic development as discussed by the authors, among the important characteristics demanding an explanation are the amount, socio-economic source, location, and subject matter of inventive activity.

TL;DR: The very nature of fixed habits of thinking, their energy-saving function, is founded upon the fact that they have become subconscious, that they yield their results automatically and are proof against criticism and even contradiction by individual facts as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: The early American manufacturing firms existed as a partnership (formal or informal) between technically knowledgeable factory owners or managers on the one hand, and mercantile capitalists on the other.

TL;DR: The authors examine the interests of the manufacturing Northeast by use of a two-sector general equilibrium model of the nineteenth century national economy and provide insights into the rationality of the perceived sectional conflicts and into the influence of the resulting land policy on sectional growth.

TL;DR: This paper found that although the share of employment in manufacturing did rise markedly in the East, the same phenomenon on a lesser scale also occurred in the West, and concluded that the West developed rapidly after the opening of new transportation facilities.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the empiricism undertaken by early British, American and French engineers in their attempt to understand economic relations, and assess the impact of the engineering environment upon the development of microeconomic tool-making.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the relative importance of proximate determinants for causing changes in bank liabilities over a period in which the money stock decreased at a very slow rate and banking crises were prevalent and serious.