Showing papers by "Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad published in 2006"
TL;DR: In this article, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and swelling experiments were carried out on transparent covalent hydrogels of chitosan with varying amounts of formaldehyde solution used as crosslinking agent.
Abstract: Keeping in mind the significance of hydrogels as an external stimuli sensitive super absorbing material, some transparent covalent hydrogels of chitosan were prepared by crosslinking with varying amounts of formaldehyde solution used as crosslinking agent. The characteristics of hydrogels were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and swelling experiments. The effect of crosslinking agent on water absorbency has been investigated. The hydrogels exhibited a relatively higher swelling ratio in the range of 2066–3306% and equilibrium water content (EWC) in the range of 95-38–97 06% at pH 7 and 35°C temperature. The influence of external stimuli such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength of the swelling media on equilibrium swelling properties has been observed. Hydrogels showed a typical pH and temperature responsive behaviour such as low pH and high temperature has maximum swelling while high pH and low temperature show minimum swelling. An increase in the ionic strength of swelling media caused a continuous decrease in the swelling of hydrogels at both acidic and basic pH.
184 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a thermal model for the calculation of material removal rate (MRR) during ECSM, which is an innovative hybrid machining process, which combines the features of the electro-chemical machining (ECM) and electrodischarge machining(EDM).
Abstract: Electro-chemical spark machining (ECSM) is an innovative hybrid machining process, which combines the features of the electro-chemical machining (ECM) and electrodischarge machining (EDM). Unlike ECM and EDM, ECSM is capable of machining electrically non-conducting materials. This paper attempts to develop a thermal model for the calculation of material removal rate (MRR) during ECSM. First, temperature distribution within zone of influence of single spark is obtained with the application of finite element method (FEM). The nodal temperatures are further post processed for estimating MRR. The developed FEM based thermal model is found to be in the range of accuracy with the experimental results. Further the parametric studies are carried out for different parameters like electrolyte concentration, duty factor and energy partition. The increase in MRR is found to increase with increase in electrolyte concentration due to ECSM of soda lime glass workpiece material. Also, the change in the value of MRR for soda lime glass with concentration is found to be more than that of alumina. MRR is found to increase with increase in duty factor and energy partition for both soda lime glass and alumina workpiece material.
95 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical model for shell-side pressure drop has been developed, which incorporates the effect of pressure drop in inlet and outlet nozzles along with the losses in the segments created by baffles.
58 citations
TL;DR: A framework that measures complexity within the various stages of a project, together with a measure of complexity for the complete project lifecycle in the form of a complexity index (CI).
Abstract: This paper describes a framework that measures complexity within the various stages of a project, together with a measure of complexity for the complete project lifecycle in the form of a complexity index (CI) In essence, the framework provides the project manager with a tool that helps identify the possible manifestation of complexity within the project process and the ability to plan accordingly to minimize its impact This framework was developed and evaluated based on engineering design projects Initially, the paper provides an overview of the framework describing each of its component parts An account of how the framework generates complexity measures is provided by means of an example Case studies used for the evaluation of the framework are summarized
46 citations
TL;DR: It has been found that all the nine properties have been satisfied by cognitive information complexity measure and hence it is established that information contained in the software as a robust and well-structured one.
Abstract: Cognitive information complexity measure is based on cognitive informatics, which helps in comprehending the software characteristics. For any complexity measure to be robust, Weyuker properties must be satisfied to qualify as good and comprehensive one. In this paper, an attempt has also been made to evaluate cognitive information complexity measure in terms of nine Weyuker properties, through examples. It has been found that all the nine properties have been satisfied by cognitive information complexity measure and hence establishes cognitive information complexity measure based on information contained in the software as a robust and well-structured one.
36 citations
TL;DR: It is found that software with higher cognitive information complexity measure has more information units contained in it, therefore cognitive Information complexity measure can be used to understand the cognitive information simplicity and the information coding efficiency of the software.
Abstract: Most discipline of science have their own method of investigation built on foundation that is empirical and verifiable. Cognitive Informatics is no different. Cognitive Informatics is a field that studies internal information processing mechanism of the human brain and its application in software coding and computing. This paper attempts to empirically demonstrate the amount of information contained in software and develops a concept of cognitive information complexity measure based on the information contained in the software. It is found that software with higher cognitive information complexity measure has more information units contained in it. Therefore cognitive information complexity measure can be used to understand the cognitive information complexity and the information coding efficiency of the software.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the nonlinear thermo-elastic buckling/post-buckling characteristics of laminated circular conical-cylindrical/conical cylindrical-conical joined shells subjected to uniform temperature rise are studied employing semi-analytical finite element approach.
33 citations
TL;DR: An improved cognitive information complexity measure (CICM) is developed that is based on the amount of information contained in the software and encompasses all the major parameters that have a bearing on the difficulty of comprehension or cognitive complexity of software.
Abstract: Understanding the software system is known as program comprehension and is a cognitive process. This cognitive process is the driving force behind creation of software that is easier to understand i.e. has lower cognitive complexity, because essentially it is the natural intelligence of human brain that describes the comprehensibility of software. The research area carrying out this study is cognitive informatics. This work has developed an improved cognitive information complexity measure (CICM) that is based on the amount of information contained in the software and encompasses all the major parameters that have a bearing on the difficulty of comprehension or cognitive complexity of software. It is also able to establish the relationship between cognitive complexity of a program and time taken to understand the program, thus mapping closely to the comprehension strategy of a person.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used X-ray diffraction and optical spectroscopy to characterize Europium-doped Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles using an yttrium oxo-isopropoxide (Y 5 O(OPr i ) 13 ) as precursor.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a nonlinear static analysis of cross-ply laminated oval cylindrical/conical shells subjected to uniform temperature rise was performed using the finite element approach.
24 citations
TL;DR: A method based on a uniform mesh for the class of singular two-point boundary value problems is described and is shown to be order h 4 convergent for all α ∈ (0, 1).
Proceedings Article•
15 Feb 2006TL;DR: It has been found that all the nine properties have been satisfied by cognitive information complexity measure and hence establishes cognitive Information complexity measure based on information contained in the software as a robust and well-structured one.
Abstract: Cognitive Informatics is a field that studies internal information processing mechanism of the human brain and its application in software coding and computing. This paper attempts to empirically demonstrate the amount of information contained in software and develops a concept of cognitive information complexity measure based on the information contained in the software. It is found that software with higher cognitive information complexity measure has more information units contained in it. Therefore cognitive information complexity measure can be used to understand the cognitive information complexity and the information coding efficiency of the software. For any complexity measure to be robust, Weyuker properties must be satisfied to qualify as good and comprehensive one. In this paper, an attempt has also been made to evaluate cognitive information complexity measure in terms of nine Weyuker properties, through examples. It has been found that all the nine properties have been satisfied by cognitive information complexity measure and hence establishes cognitive information complexity measure based on information contained in the software as a robust and well-structured one.
01 Dec 2006
TL;DR: The proposed method uses symmetrical hybrid PWM switching scheme which makes the switching losses of all four switches equal leading to higher efficiency and greater reliability.
Abstract: PWM switching technique is commonly used in full bridge converters to over come the bulky filter requirements and efficient voltage control, at the cost of higher switching losses. However hybrid PWM method which uses both high and low switching signals, reduces the overall switching losses. The switches driven with high frequency switching signals dissipates more heat compared to the switches driven with low frequency switching signals. This results in unequal temperature rise in the switches leading to low reliability. The proposed method uses symmetrical hybrid PWM switching scheme which makes the switching losses of all four switches equal leading to higher efficiency and greater reliability.
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel granular media developed by the coating of iron, barium and sulfur on quartz sand surface has been demonstrated to be an effective sorbent for removal of arsenic(V) from a 0.01 M NaNO3-spiked distilled water system in laboratory-scale tests.
Abstract: A novel granular media developed by the coating of iron, barium and sulfur on quartz sand surface has been demonstrated to be an effective sorbent for removal of arsenic(V) from a 0.01 M NaNO3-spiked distilled water system in laboratory-scale tests. The results of fixed bed studies indicate that arsenic(V) removal is dependent on pH, the size of sorbent and influent arsenic concentrations. The particle size of media has shown significant differences in reactor breakthrough times in similar experimental conditions. The removal of As(V) may be explained using the surface complexation theory. The presence of alkalinity (250‐260 mg/L as CaCO3) and hardness (200 mg/L as CaCO3) slightly increases reactor breakthrough time for similar experimental conditions without alkalinity and hardness. Desorption studies using 0.2 M NaOH as elutant resulted in nearly 92% recovery of arsenic(V). A theoretical model based on two parameters has shown good correlation with observed experimental data generated during depth variation studies.
TL;DR: An attempt has been made to frame the cognitive complexity metrics that will aid in increasing the reliability of software product being developed during the development lifecycle.
Abstract: Software metrics provide a quantitative basis for the development and validation of models of software development process. Information gained from metrics is used in managing the development process in order to improve the reliability and quality of software product. The software metric is used to estimate various parameters of software development lifecycle such as cost, schedule productivity, quality and reliability. In this paper, an attempt has been made to frame the cognitive complexity metrics that will aid in increasing the reliability of software product being developed during the development lifecycle.
01 Dec 2006
TL;DR: This paper presents a simulation study of SMC applied to a boost converter (non minimum phase system) using a new model developed by the authors and MATLAB/SIMULINK is used for simulation studies.
Abstract: The sliding mode control (SMC) represents a powerful tool to enhance performances of power converters. This control technique has a less circuit complexity unlike other standard current-mode controllers. It also provides extreme robustness and fast response against supply, load and circuit parameter variations, even for higher-order converters. Limited numbers of research publications are available with hardware implementation of SMC in switching power converters. Most of the people have discussed this control using a buck converter having a perfect variable structure. This paper presents a simulation study of SMC applied to a boost converter (Non minimum phase system) using a new model developed by the authors. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used for simulation studies. Simulation results are practically verified by implementing controller on a prototype board.
27 Mar 2006
TL;DR: It has been found that all the nine properties have been satisfied by CICM and hence cognitive information complexity measure based on information contained in the software as a robust and well-structured one is established.
Abstract: In this paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate cognitive information complexity measure (CICM) terms of nine Weyuker properties. It has been found that all the nine properties have been satisfied by CICM and hence establishes cognitive information complexity measure based on information contained in the software as a robust and well-structured one.
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-layer composite (MLC) of tape cast nano zirconia with high failure energy is presented. But the performance of the MLC is limited by the number of layers.
Abstract: During the last decade, worldwide attention of researchers has focused on nano-ceramic composites with superior mechanical behavior and improved reliability for structural applications. Here we report the development of a multi-layer composite (MLC) of tape cast nano zirconia with high failure energy. The MLC samples were fabricated by thermocompression of green tapes prepared from 3 mole % yttria stabilized zirconia (3-YSZ) powder with a primary crystallite size of 27 nm. Depending on the number of layers, the MLC samples exhibited failure energy (238.97 KJm−3) more than two times higher than that of the single tape (≈107 KJm−3) with a reasonably high bi-axial flexural strength (≈630 MPa), high hardness (≈ 13 GPa at 49 N), and indentation fracture toughness nearly four times as high as that of the single tape. In addition, these MLC materials showed the presence of a R-curve behavior.
27 Mar 2006
TL;DR: The Gaia and ROADMAP models have been used as a fundamental ingredient to the new proposed agent-based modeling method and provide a specific model for the type of information to be gathered and uses this model to drive the user-oriented requirement analysis, specification and system-oriented analysis process.
Abstract: Agent oriented software development is generally motivated by the need of open and adaptive systems development that continuously change and evolve to meet new requirements. In this paper, we propose an agent-based open and adaptive system development process. The proposed methodology is based on model-based techniques and provides a specific model for the type of information to be gathered and uses this model to drive the user-oriented requirement analysis, specification and system-oriented analysis process. The proposed methodology also reduces the complexity of the software system and provides better quality with better user-satisfaction. The Gaia and ROADMAP models have been used as a fundamental ingredient to the new proposed agent-based modeling method. In the proposed agent-based system, the focus is on a clear separation between the requirement gathering and analysis phases. The scope of the discussion covers requirements gathering and user-oriented analysis phases only and does not touch upon the system analysis and design phases.
TL;DR: In this paper, a tri-nuclear oxo product Zr 3 (μ 3 -O)(μ-O i Pr) 2 (μ OOCCHCl 2 ) 3 (η-OOCCHCL 2 ) 2 (O I Pr) 3 (3a ).
TL;DR: A new analysis method is proposed based on the methodology proposed by the authors in the previous work to provide a clear separation between requirement gathering and analysis phases and splits the analysis phase into the System User centric analysis and the System centric Analysis phases.
Abstract: Many well known agent-oriented software analysis method have been proposed such as GAIA, ROADMAP, PROMETHUS and TROPOS methodology. Out of the numerous proposed methods, selecting a particular analysis method is again a problem, as every method has its own advantages and disadvantages. There is an ongoing effort to find such a comprehensive agent oriented analysis method, which addresses most of the parameters of software analysis and also satisfies most of the existing methodology properties. In our previous work, we presented a methodology for open and adaptive system to provide a clear separation between requirement gathering and analysis phases. In this paper, we propose a new analysis method based on the methodology proposed by us in our previous work. An agent-based system is a complex software system with functional and non-functional attributes. Non-functional requirements (NFRs) are crucial software requirements that have been specified early in the software development process while eliciting the functional requirements (FRs) in agent oriented software development. Some of the functional and non-functional attributes are of a crosscutting nature i.e. it is difficult to represent clearly how an attribute may effect several other requirements simultaneously. This new analysis methodology splits the analysis phase into the System User centric Analysis and the System centric Analysis phases. This refinement is achieved by identification and separation of all requirements into three types of requirements i.e. Functional, Non-Functional and Crosscutting requirements.
08 May 2006
TL;DR: It has been observed that MQAM system gives better performance in terms of bit error rate than GMSK, DQPSK, 8- PSK system.
Abstract: Adaptive modulation and coding schemes are promising technique to support the demands for high data rates and wideband proposed for 4G mobile communication system standards. The spectrally efficient modulation schemes are the dominant trend in mobile communication system after 3G mobile system and the adaptive modulation system is suggested to be the best solution for bandwidth efficient system. In this paper, adaptive modulation based on M-QAM modulation scheme is analyzed through simulation and compared with GMSK, DQPSK, 8- PSK. The performance analysis in terms of bit error rate (BER) and spectral efficiency (SE) for downlink channel system environments with different values of constellation size under Rayleigh multipath fading channel is done. The result is analyzed, compared and investigated for many proposed standards which enhances data rate, symbol rate and frequencies for variable rate MQAM with different values of constellation size M=2k , k=3...... 10. Four models have been examined for each of the mentioned schemes. The adaptive modulation model is based on predicted channel. It has been observed that MQAM system gives better performance in terms of bit error rate
01 Aug 2006
TL;DR: A review of humanoid robot applications can be found in this paper, where a wide variety of humanoid robots being used throughout the world and explaining its typical applications and future challenges while developing humanoid robots are discussed.
Abstract: Like never before, technology can bring imagination to life. Humanoid robots are without question a hot topic in research today. But will they really be the next break-through invention that changes the face of the world. For decades, popular culture has been enthralled with the possibility of robots that act and look like humans. We are promised by film, fiction and television that humanoids will cook for us, clean for us, become our best friends, teach our children, and even fall in love with us. Recently, the media has covered a surprising number of new humanoid robots emerging on the commercial market. Like many new technologies, these early generations of commercially available humanoids are costly curiosities, useful for entertainment. Yet, in time, they accomplish a wide variety of tasks in homes, battlefields, nuclear plants, government installations, factory floors, and even space stations. Humanoids may prove to be the ideal robot design to interact with people. Humanoid robotics also offers a unique research tool for understanding the human brain and body. Already, humanoids have provided revolutionary new ways for studying cognitive science. Using humanoids, researchers can embody their theories and take them to task at a variety of levels. Aside from their traditional roles, humanoid robots can be used to explore theories of human intelligence. This paper reviews a wide variety of humanoid robots being used throughout the world and explaining its typical applications and future challenges while developing humanoid robots which may come across such endeavours. This paper would review successes and failures in the field where humanoid research began. Further, an extrapolations of recent developments is also given where it may take us in the future. Hitherto, this paper would discuss how these technological developments have and continue to affect the ways in which the present researchers understand
TL;DR: This paper makes an attempt to propose the major factors responsible for failure of web based applications and emphasizes on user-centric and a more holistic approach of requirement engineering to help increase the success rate and reliability of webbased software applications.
Abstract: Web engineering is a mix of scientific, engineering, management and cognitive principles that are used to create web based software applications. In order to successfully build large and complex web based applications, web developers and practitioners should adopt a disciplined development process in order to achieve the desired goals. It is by far more complex than the conventional software development process, where we have a fair idea about the users. Hence we cannot proceed by the conventional methods and processes for successful web based software development.The complexity of Web based-software applications is by far very different from traditional procedural or object-oriented paradigms. The failure rate of web based applications is particularly higher. To increase the success rates, we should acknowledge that it is a mix of engineering, management and cognitive principles involving a high user-centric bias. There are numerous factors that contribute to the complexity of web based applications. Unfortunately, the complexity issues have not been even paid due attention although numerous authors have pointed towards high failure rates of web based software applications.The existing models have not been able to reduce the failure rate of web based software applications. This paper makes an attempt to propose the major factors responsible for failure of web based applications. We emphasize on user-centric and a more holistic approach of requirement engineering to help increase the success rate and reliability of web based software applications. Finally the complexity issues of web application and importance of operation research is highlighted.
01 Dec 2006
TL;DR: An important claim of this paper is a drastic reduction in rule base as compared to a conventional fuzzy logic controller, where the number of rules increases exponentially with increase in input membership functions.
Abstract: A fuzzy logic controller based on sliding mode control is developed for a buck converter operating in CCM It is an offline fuzzy controller An important claim of this paper is a drastic reduction in rule base as compared to a conventional fuzzy logic controller, where the number of rules increases exponentially with increase in input membership functions Simulation studies are carried out using MATLAB SIMULINK, fuzzy logic toolbox Obtained result is compared with a conventional 7times7 rule based fuzzy controller and also a PID controller for the same buck converter
Proceedings Article•
15 Feb 2006
TL;DR: A object-oriented metric based on cognition will act as a yardstick in designing efficient software systems and can be used in all the different phases of software engineering.
Abstract: Cognitive informatics is an interdisciplinary research area that paves way for finding solutions to problems in the related field such as problem understanding, artificial intelligence, cognitive sciences etc. It studies the information processing mechanism and its relation to the behavior thereupon, may it be system or an individual. Cognition defines the ease of understanding or the property of comprehension. Comprehension is the key feature that distinguishes any entity as being complex or simple. Comprehensibility of a problem helps in efficient design solution and improvement of software product quality. Thus property of comprehensibility can be used in all the different phases of software engineering. Hence, from a practitioner's point of view, we need a object-oriented metric based on cognition that will act as a yardstick in designing efficient software systems.
TL;DR: The proposed methodology is based on model-based techniques to provide a specific model for the type of requirements to be gathered and provides domain-based technique, for providing a domain specific goal model for domain experts.
Abstract: It is unlikely that a single analysis model will be able to analyze the requirements for the complete system. For capturing and analyzing the overall requirement separate models and analyst experts are needed. It is necessary to model at different level of abstraction so that both domain experts and developers can get an idea of the overall system behavior or focus on a particular part of the system in detail if required. This paper proposes a methodology, which is an improved process for requirements gathering and analysis. The proposed methodology is based on model-based techniques to provide a specific model for the type of requirements to be gathered. This methodology also provides domain-based technique, for providing a domain specific goal model for domain experts. The domain specific technique also provides multiple level of analysis and refinement process of goal in all domains by specific domain experts.
19 Jun 2006
TL;DR: A new analysis methodology is proposed that splits the analysis phase into the system user centric analysis and the system centricAnalysis phases and is achieved by identification and separation of all requirements into three types of requirements i.e. functional, non-functional and crosscutting requirements.
Abstract: An agent-based system is a complex software system with functional and non-functional requirements. Non-functional requirements (NFRs) are crucial software requirements that have been specified early in the software development process while eliciting the functional requirements (FRs) in agent oriented software development. Some of the functional and non-functional attributes are of a crosscutting nature i.e. it is difficult to represent clearly how an attribute may effect several other requirements simultaneously. In our previous work, we presented a methodology for open and adaptive system to provide a clear separation between requirement gathering and analysis phases. In this paper, we propose a new analysis method based on the methodology proposed by us in our previous work. This new analysis methodology splits the analysis phase into the System User centric Analysis and the System centric Analysis phases. This refinement is achieved by identification and separation of all requirements into three types of requirements i.e. Functional, Non-Functional and Crosscutting requirements.
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of machining of AISI 1045 steel using molybdenum disulphide as a solid lubricant in the present work was investigated.
Abstract: The heat produced during machining is critical in terms of workpiece quality. So, effective control of heat generated at the cutting zone is essential to ensure the workpiece quality in machining, which can be achieved by using coolants. As the coolants are relatively inaccessible to the machining zone due to the typical nature of the process, it has been attempted to study the performance of machining of AISI 1045 steel using molybdenum disulphide as a solid lubricant in the present work. The experimental set up (solid lubricant powder feeder) for molybdenum disulphide assisted machining was designed and built. After ensuring the set up for proper lubrication, experiments were conducted to see the influence of tool geometry (radial rake angle and nose radius) and cutting conditions (cutting speed and feed rate) on the considered machining response while machining AISI 1045 steel. In order to compare the performance of molybdenum disulphide with that of wet machining, the same set of conditions that were conducted with wet condition repeated using molybdenum disulphide as solid lubricant. Results indicate that there is a considerable improvement in the performance of milling AISI 1045 steel using molybdenum disulphide as a solid lubricant when compared with wet machining in terms of surface finish and chip thickness. The experimental results of this work will be used to obtain the relationship between cutting speed, feed rate, radial rake angle, and nose radius on the machining response i.e. surface roughness by modeling.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
01 Dec 2006
TL;DR: It has been found that a three-phase space vector based inverter topology has better THD than a six phase topology.
Abstract: Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique is being increasingly used because of its easy digital implementation. Multiphase load like six-phase motor drive is an active area of research and industrial applications, but very less work has been done on multiphase inverters. In this paper a six-phase inverters circuit has been taken as a representative problem of multiphase inverters to investigate the best converter topology and its modulation technique such that output has minimum or optimal. This paper presents implementation of SVPWM technique to a six-phase inverter using unified approach. Simulation results are provided to validate the proposed theory. It has been found that a three-phase space vector based inverter topology has better THD than a six phase topology.