Showing papers by "National Dairy Research Institute published in 1980"
TL;DR: Aspergillus wentii showed maximum growth and lipase production at 30°C in 3 days at pH 6.0, when cultivated on a shaker when supplemented with glucose, and amongst the nitrogen sources tested, lipase yield was maximum with peptone at the 2% level.
Abstract: Aspergillus wentii showed maximum growth and lipase production at 30°C in 3 days at pH 6.0, when cultivated on a shaker. The medium supplemented with glucose showed maximum production of lipase followed by mannitol, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Amongst the nitrogen sources tested, lipase yield was maximum with peptone at the 2% level. Calcium and sodium citrates (0l.%) increased the yield of lipase. Synthetic and natural lipids when added to the growth medium reduced the growth and lipase production.
52 citations
TL;DR: The differences in the melting diagrams and crystallization patterns of goat body fat and ghee, as determined by differential thermal analysis, provide a basis for the determination of adulteration in cow or buffalo ghee as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The differences in the melting diagrams and crystallization patterns of goat body fat and ghee, as determined by differential thermal analysis, provide a basis for the determination of adulteration in cow or buffalo ghee. The new endothermic peak on the melting diagram in samples having more than 10% goat body fat can be used for qualitative detection and the crystallization diagram can be used for quantitative estimation.
30 citations
TL;DR: The overall increased activity of xanthine oxidase in milk during cold storage or heat treatment may not be due to the release of fat globule membrane enzyme to skim milk.
16 citations
TL;DR: A total of 308 raw milk samples, 209 from an organized farm and 99 from a market source, were examined for the presence of mycobacteria and isolated cultures identified on the basis of morphological and physiological characteristics and virulence included Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bovine and human strains).
14 citations
TL;DR: Variations in production of acid and acetaldehyde and proteolytic activity by pure and mixed cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus in response to incubation temperature were determined using cow and buffalo milk.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of ripening cow'milk cream (40% fat) with four strains of lactic acid bacteria on the quality of ghee, an Indian product resembling clarified butterfat, was studied by measuring changes in titratable acidity, pH, volatile acids and diacetyl content due to Streptococcus lactis, Str. diacetilactis (Str. L. Diacetylactis), Str. thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus in cream before conversion into ghee.
Abstract: The effect of ripening cow'milk cream (40% fat) with 4 strains of lactic acid bacteria on the quality of ghee, an Indian product resembling clarified butterfat, was studied by measuring changes in titratable acidity, pH, volatile acids and diacetyl content due to Streptococcus lactis, Str. lactis subsp. diacetylactis (Str. diacetylactis), Str. thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus in cream prior to conversion into ghee. L. bulgaricus produced the maximum titratable acidity (1·25% lactic acid) followed by Str. diacetylactis (0·80 % lactic acid) after 72 h. Str. diacetylactis produced the highest level of diacetyl (28 ppm), after 48 h. L. bulgaricus produced no detectable diacetyl. Both of these strains produced the maximum amount of volatile acids (2·2–3·5 ml), after 72 h. The flavour and keeping quality of ghee were improved by Str. diacetylactis and Str. lactis whilst Str. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus had no effect.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, crossbred calves between birth and 6 months of age belonging to six genetic groups were found to have 50% inheritance from Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss and other temperate dairy breeds.
Abstract: Information is given on crossbred calves between birth and 6 months of age belonging to 6 genetic groups—3 with 50% inheritance from Holstein, Jersey and Brown Swiss and the other 3 with 75% inheritance from 1 or 2 temperate dairy breeds.
11 citations
TL;DR: Ten samples of baby foods comprising seven brands of infant milk foods and three brands of milk-cereal weaning foods were examined for incidence of different types of microorganisms.
9 citations
TL;DR: Progesterone concentration in milk and in milk fat was significantly higher in evening samples than in morning samples (P), and fluctuated between 160·6 and 195·8μg/l at M, and 161·1 and 225·6 μl at E, in pregnant animals, but dropped to 12·0 μg/1 at M and 16·7 μg/l on the day of the succeeding oestrus in those animals which failed to conceive.
Abstract: Changes in progesterone levels in milk and in milk fat were measured by radioimmunoassay in nine crossbred cows for 40 days after insemination. On average, progesterone in milk was minimal: 1·10μg/l at the morning milking (M) and 1·63μg/l at the evening milking (E) on the day of oestrus; this increased to 15·72 μg/l at M and 22·8 μg/1 at E on day 13 after insemination, and thereafter declined to 0·99 μg/l at M and 1·12μg/l at E on the day that the next oestrous cycle commenced in non-pregnant cows. In pregnant animals the level was maintained, and fluctuated from 1505 to 19·60μg/l at M and 18·09 to 23·01 μ/1 at E up to 40 days of pregnancy.The average progesterone concentration in milk fat was 18·9μg/l at M and 24·1 μl at E on the day of oestrus, and rose to a peak of 141·7μ/l at M and 153·8μg/1 at E on day 13 after insemination. It continued to increase and fluctuated between 160·6 and 195·8μg/l at M, and 161·1 and 225·6μg/l at E, in pregnant animals, but dropped to 12·0μg/1 at M and 16·7 μg/l at E on the day of the succeeding oestrus in those animals which failed to conceive. Progesterone concentration in milk and in milk fat was significantly higher in evening samples than in morning samples (P<0·05).
9 citations
TL;DR: Three Escherichia coli cultures were selected to study their heat-resistant characteristics when in cow skim, cow whole and buffalo whole milk and marked differences in heat-resistance were observed in the three E. coli cultures.
8 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In an experiment on eight adult non-pregnant females, four each of Tharparkar Zebu and Murrah buffalo breeds, maintained under identical management and fed on four levels of dietary protein and constant energy, it was found that the buffaloes consumed more dry matter per unit metabolic body size than the cows.
Abstract: In an experiment on eight adult non-pregnant females, four each of Tharparkar Zebu and Murrah buffalo breeds, maintained under identical management and fed on four levels of dietary protein and constant energy, it was found that the buffaloes consumed more dry matter per unit metabolic body size than the cows. A dietary protein intake 40 per cent less than the recommended amount of digestible crude protein (DCP) had no adverse effect on appetite or the digestibilities of the food consumed. Buffaloes digested less crude protein in comparison to cows, but maintained positive nitrogen balances even on 40 per cent of the recommended DCP intakes. The experiment confirmed that the mechanism of nitrogen utilization is better developed in buffaloes than in cows.
TL;DR: It was inferred that both drugs induce estrus in buffalo without any observed residual effect.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of different treatments of pulses, like cooking, fermentation, incorporation of spices like raw garlic, and ginger powder on in vitro gas production by selected intestinal Clostridia was investigated.
Abstract: Studies were performed to find out the effect of different treatments of pulses, like cooking, fermentation, incorporation of spices like raw garlic, and ginger powder on in vitro gas production by selected intestinal Clostridia. All treatments had profound influence on gas production; the amount of gas was reduced between 30–60%. Maximum reduction was noticed at 1.0% concentration of spices. Lag phase of growth was prolonged considerably, suggestive of temporary suppression of gas production. C. perfringens produced the highest amount of gas in all control samples and all treatments had maximum inhibitory effects on this organism.
TL;DR: Pregnancy was diagnosed in 44 lactating buffaloes byUsing this criterion, the accuracy of the pregnancy test from a single milk sample on 19, 21, 23, 25 and 27 days after insemination ranged from 71.42 to 86.95% and 86 to 87.50% for pregnant and non-pregnant animals, respectively.
TL;DR: The spray-dried powder obtained from the modified buffalo milk was analyzed for compositional assessment simultaneously in the laboratory, by Morinaga Milk Industries Ltd. (Japan) and by Nestle Technical Assistance (Switzerland).
Abstract: Hitherto infant foods were developed by the modification of cow's milk. Because of the significant production of buffalo milk in this country, attempts have been made to evolve a method for the manufacture of infant food from modified buffalo milk simulating human milk. Buffalo milk being richer in calcium, protein, fat, and higher in curd tension than human milk, myriad technological approaches have been made to modify it. Modifications in the manufacture of this new product to simulate human milk were: (a) calcium in the skim milk was reduced by 50% by electrodialysis which decreased curd tension and improved heat stability; (b) milk proteins particularly αscasein was degraded by regulated proteolysis of milk with trypsin; (c) vegetable oil and milk fat in distinct proportions were incorporated resulting in improved polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles; and (d) fortification with lactose and vitamin mixture. The spray-dried powder obtained from the modified buffalo milk was analyzed for compositional assessment simultaneously in the authors' laboratory, by Morinaga Milk Industries Ltd. (Japan) and by Nestle Technical Assistance (Switzerland). The product has 3.lg protein, 3.5g fat, and 628 mg of linoleic acid per 100 calories with a Ca/P ratio of 2.2. These data satisfy the standards for infant food formula according to FAO/WHO (1955, 1966).
TL;DR: The rank correlations and product moment correlations between sire indices calculated with part records and 300-day yield were found to be highly significant and could be used to evaluate sires as accurately as with 300- day yield.
Abstract: Summary The first lactation records of 684 Sahiwal, 157 Brown Swiss × Sahiwal (BS × S) and 255 Friesian × Sahiwal (F × S) constituted the data for this study. The 300-day yield was estimated from part lactation yields of 13, 17, 21, 26 and 30 weeks post partum by four methods, namely, regression, ratio, gamma and inverse polynomial functions. The duration of the part record and the method of estimation were evaluated for their reliability in estimating the 300-day yield and sire evaluation. The correlations between part records and 300-day yield ranged from 0·76 to 0·95, thecorrelations being higher in F × S. The error, absolute error and standard deviation of error weresmaller for ratio and regression methods than for the gamma and inverse polynomial functions. The part records of 30 weeks or more were found to be necessary to estimate 300-day yield within 15% of the actual yield with regression or ratio methods. The rank correlations and product moment correlations between sire indices calculated with part records and 300-day yield were found to be highly significant. The part records of 17 weeks or more extended by ratio or regression could be used to evaluate sires as accurately as with 300-day yield by increasing the progeny group size by 7–10% in Sahiwal and by about 20% in F × S. Theloss of efficiency in sire evaluation amounted to about 10–15% with part records of 17 weeks or more compared with 300-day yield.
TL;DR: Of 81 isolates of staphylococci obtained from kulfi samples, seven exhibited thermonuclease, coagulase and enterotoxin production, and one of the coagULase-positive isolates from restaurant samples failed to produce either therMonuclease or enterotoxins.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that nitrogen components of feeds in ruminants are mainly degraded to ammonia which is preferentially utilized by rumen bacteria for the synthesis of microbial protein.
Abstract: Nitrogen components of feeds in ruminants are mainly degraded to ammonia which is preferentially utilized by rumen bacteria for the synthesis of microbial protein.
TL;DR: Lactobacillus bulgaricus 59 and L. casei RTS and their respective nitrosoguanidine-induced mutants showed a marked increase in proteolytic activity as compared to the parents.
Abstract: Lactobacillus bulgaricus 59 andL casei RTS and their respective nitrosoguanidine-induced mutants were estimated for titratable and volatile acidities, production of biacetyl and acetoin and for proteolytic activity Both the mutants showed a marked increase in proteolytic activity as compared to the parents
TL;DR: Le présent travail concerne la purification partielle de la lipase et ses propriétés enzymatiques.
Abstract: Les lipases microbiennes jouent un rôle important dans l'hydrolyse de la matière grasse, contribuant ainsi à la formation de flaveurs désirables ou indésirables dans les produits laitiers. Les champignons, on le sait, produisent des lipases [1, 2, 3, 4]. Dans notre travail précédent, les facteurs affectant la production de lipase par Penicillium chrysogenum ont été étudiés [5]. Le présent travail concerne la purification partielle de la lipase et ses propriétés enzymatiques.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that it is important to raise calves on milk substitute because milk is a costly ingredient and moreover it needs to be saved for human consumption as protective food.
Abstract: Economically it is important to raise calves on milk substitute because milk is a costly ingredient and moreover it needs to be saved for human consumption as protective food.