Naval War College

About: Naval War College is a education organization based out in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: International law & China. The organization has 233 authors who have published 519 publications receiving 6652 citations. The organization is also known as: United States Naval War College & U.S. Naval War College.

Changing identities and international relations theory: A cautionary note

Abstract: A contemporary theme in international relations holds that the loyalty of individuals toward states is in decline as individuals shift their identities toward supranational or subnational entities. Surprisingly there have been few attempts to track such shifts empirically. We use data from cross‐national public opinion surveys to examine whether loyalties have changed in recent decades. Our analysis suggests that loyalty to territorial states has remained relatively stable, with minor exceptions, for individuals from different geographic regions, socio‐economic backgrounds, and age cohorts.

Wargaming as a Methodology: The International Crisis Wargame and Experimental Wargaming:

Abstract: Background.Wargaming has a long history as a tool for understanding the complexity of conflict. Although wargames have shown their relevance across topics and time, the immersive nature of wargames...

Cyber warfare and electronic warfare integration in the operational environment of the future: cyber electronic warfare

Abstract: For the states with advanced technology, effective use of electronic warfare and cyber warfare will be the main determining factor of winning a war in the future’s operational environment. The developed states will be able to finalize the struggles they have entered with a minimum of human casualties and minimum cost thanks to high-tech. Considering the increasing number of world economic problems, the development of human rights and humanitarian law it is easy to understand the importance of minimum cost and minimum loss of human. In this paper, cyber warfare and electronic warfare concepts are examined in conjunction with the historical development and the relationship between them is explained. Finally, assessments were carried out about the use of cyber electronic warfare in the coming years.

Exceptionally high mortality rate of the 1918 influenza pandemic in the Brazilian naval fleet

Abstract: Please cite this paper as: Schuck-Paim et al. (2012) Exceptionally high mortality rate of the 1918 influenza pandemic in the Brazilian naval fleet. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00341.x. Background The naval experience with the 1918 pandemic during World War I remains underexplored despite its key role on the pandemic’s global diffusion and the epidemiological interest of isolated and relatively homogeneous populations. The pandemic outbreak in the Brazilian naval fleet is of particular interest both because of its severity and the fact that it was the only Latin American military force deployed to war. Objectives To study the mortality patterns of the pandemic in the Brazilian fleet sent to patrol the West African coast in 1918. Method We investigated mortality across vessels, ranks, and occupations based on official population and mortality records from the Brazilian Navy Archives. Results The outbreak that swept this fleet included the highest influenza mortality rate on any naval ship reported to date. Nearly 10% of the crews died, with death rates reaching 13–14% on two destroyers. While overall mortality was lower for officers, stokers and engineer officers were significantly more likely to die from the pandemic, possibly due to the pulmonary damage from constant exposure to the smoke and coal dust from the boilers. Conclusions The fatality patterns observed provide valuable data on the conditions that can exacerbate the impact of a pandemic. While the putative lack of exposure to a first pandemic wave may have played a role in the excessive mortality observed in this fleet, our results indicate that strenuous labor conditions, dehydration, and exposure to coal dust were major risk factors. The unequal death rates among vessels remain an open question.

Drone Attacks under the Jus ad Bellum And Jus in Bello: Clearing the 'Fog of Law'

Abstract: This article explores the legal issues raised by the use of drones (unmanned aircraft systems) in armed conflicts. In particular it assesses such use from the perspective of the jus ad bellum, that component of international law governing the resort to force by States, and the jus in bello (or international humanitarian law), the international law governing how such force may be applied. It concludes that the law of self-defence provides a clear basis for the extraterritorial use of drones under the jus ad bellum, albeit with certain key limitations. As to the use of drones on the battlefield, the article finds no significant basis for treating drones differently than other weapon systems under the jus in bello. Rather, the key is strict fidelity to the extant norms of international humanitarian law.