Northeastern State University

About: Northeastern State University is a education organization based out in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Wireless sensor network & Computer science. The organization has 477 authors who have published 831 publications receiving 21482 citations. The organization is also known as: NSU.

A Residual Chaotic System for Image Security and Digital Video Watermarking

Abstract: Multimedia data security has become a noticeable problem in the continuous development of multimedia technology. Traditional chaotic systems usually require larger bit-width iterative calculations to affect the generation rate of chaotic systems when generating. To solve this problem, we proposed a general Residual Chaotic System (RCS) for image security in heterogeneous multimedia signal processing environments. Based on the Residue Number System (RNS) commonly used in VLSI, we generate the general chaotic sequences by iterating unary polynomial function through it in Galois Field (GF). Moreover, we make use of the Box-Muller algorithm to generate RCS, which improved the speed of operation by a large margin when doing R/B backward transformation. Experiments show that the key sensitivity and plaintext sensitivity of the proposed encryption system are good, and the system can encrypt pictures efficiently and safely. Then, we proposed a watermark embedding and extraction algorithm with block selection. Based on the proposed new judgment conditions, the $4\times 4$ brightness blocks are divided into five categories, then the appropriate types of blocks are selected accordingly. After testing the performance indexes of cypher-text images, including statistical and sensitivity-related tests, all results indicate that our algorithm has good randomness and security. The invisibility is good, the watermark capacity has been significantly improved, and the video bit-rate growth rate is in a good range. The watermark can resist attacks such as noise and the bit error rate under re-encoding and Gaussian low-pass filtering attacks. Compared with other algorithms, the algorithm that we proposed is faster, much more efficient, and more secure. Therefore, it is a practical alternative scheme for heterogeneous communication environments.

Understanding childhood trauma: Ten reminders for preventing retraumatization

Abstract: Traumatic events can leave a staggering impact on a child’s development. School counselors are in the primary position to assist children with traumatic symptoms, however, counselors often work alongside educators, administrators, and school personnel alike. Consequently, it is necessary that all adults develop an understanding of traumatic reactions and the steps to provide stability and comfort. This article integrates trauma research to provide a compilation of reminders that adults can implement to prevent unnecessary retraumatization.

Planning and Assessing Patron Experience and Needs for an Academic Library Website

Abstract: This article describes a research study performed at Northeastern State University during the spring semester of 2020. The authors detail the initial phase of a website redesign process informed by...

A Systematic Scheme for Non-parametric Spatio-Temporal Trend Analysis about Aridity Index

Abstract: The Spatio temporal scale varying characteristics of aridity and thus the dominance of this method within the present year is notable due to global climate change during this investigation, we proposed to work out the trend of the Aridity index using non-parametric methods like Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope approaches for testing. In Contrast, the Aridity index is computed by using Jensen formula to formulate, which is worldwide accepted. At the same time, ETo can be calculated using the well-known scheme by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) through Penman-Monteith FAO-56 (PM). We used 10-year data (2000-2009) of 12 climate locations positioned in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Province, Pakistan. We acknowledged an increasing drift within the Aridity index rate had been observed mostly in spring, summer, and winter, with a downward tendency through fall. Furthermore, the statistical investigation demonstrations an increasing drifts in AI during spring and winter. In conclusion, we presented an efficient procedure which may, therefore, benefit by including in irrigation, water resource management, and meteorological modeling for future enlargement.

Two Strategies of Acanthocephalan Interrelations with Paratenic Hosts

Abstract: Data available on the peculiarities of the tegument structure and encapsulation of the acanthocephalans Corynosoma strumosum (Palaeacanthocephala, Polymorphidae) and Sphaerirostris picae (Palaeacanthocephala, Centrorhynchidae) in paratenic hosts are summarized. Corynosomes are shown to have a capsule structure varying from fibroblastic to leukocytal depending on the species of the paratenic host (sea fish). The characteristic thick glycocalix layer may or may not develop on the tegument surface of corynosomes surrounded by the leukocytal capsule in the hosts of different species. The acanthocephalan S. picae in a paratenic host (lizard) is also surrounded by a leukocytal capsule; however, no characteristic glycocalyx layer is formed on its tegument surface. Such a glycocalyx supposedly represents a protective reaction of the parasite to cellular encapsulation, but in the case of its absence the protective mechanism remains unclear. Based on these results, a hypothesis about two strategies of interrelations between acanthocephalans and paratenic hosts is advanced. According to the first strategy, the acanthocephalan (C. strumosum in the fish of the majority of the species studied), regardless of the structure of the capsule formed around it, is covered with a thick layer of glycocalyx, while the cells of the inner part of the capsule are destroyed. When invading paratenic hosts of other species (C. strumosum in flatfishes, as well as in experimentally infested aquarium fish and lizards, S. picae in lizards), the second strategy is realized: the acanthocephalan is surrounded by a leukocytal capsule; however, a thick layer of glycocalyx on its surface is not formed and the capsule’s cells are not destroyed.