Showing papers by "Regenstrief Institute published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this article , a dual-element sensor array was constructed based on two carbon nanodots (CDs), which were prepared using citric acid and Congo red as carbon source by deliberately doping with two different oxidants, i.e., ammonium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a dual-element sensor array was constructed based on two carbon nanodots (CDs), which were prepared using citric acid and Congo red as carbon source by deliberately doping with two different oxidants, i.e., ammonium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of various typical coexisting electrolyte salt cations in the in-situ leaching solutions of ion-adsorption type rare earth ores on extraction and separation of heavy rare earths (Er(III) ions as a representative) by bubble-supported organic liquid membrane (BSOLM) extraction was investigated.
7 citations
TL;DR: The increasing use of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures is forcing clinicians and health care systems to decide which to select and how to incorporate them into their records and clinical workflows as discussed by the authors .
6 citations
01 Feb 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the effects of nanomaterials on protein aggregation and the mechanisms through which they interfere with protein aggregation are discussed. And the prospects and challenges to the clinical application of nanOMaterials for the treatment of protein misfolding diseases are also discussed.
Abstract: Protein aggregation is correlated with the onset and progression of protein misfolding diseases (PMDs). Inhibiting the generation of toxic aggregates of misfolded proteins has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for PMDs. Due to their unique properties, nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for their ability to inhibit protein aggregation and have shown great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of PMDs. However, the precise mechanisms by which nanomaterials interact with amyloidogenic proteins and the factors influencing these interactions remain poorly understood. Consequently, developing a rational design strategy for nanomaterials that target specific proteins in PMDs has been challenging. In this review, we elucidate the effects of nanomaterials on protein aggregation and describe the mechanisms through which nanomaterials interfere with protein aggregation. The major factors impacting protein-nanomaterial interaction such as size, charge, concentration, surface modification and morphology that can be rationally addressed to achieve the desired effects of nanomaterials on protein aggregation are summarized. The prospects and challenges to the clinical application of nanomaterials for the treatment of PMDs are also discussed.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of nanomaterials on protein aggregation and the mechanisms through which they interfere with protein aggregation are discussed. And the prospects and challenges to the clinical application of nanOMaterials for the treatment of protein misfolding diseases are also discussed.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors synthesize evidence regarding the attention given to caregiver engagement in randomized control trials of transitional care interventions, estimate the overall intervention effects, and assess caregiver involvement as a moderator of intervention effects.
Abstract: Background: Fluctuations in health among chronically ill adults result in frequent health care transitions. Some interventions to improve patient outcomes after hospitalization include caregiver engagement as a core component, yet there is unclear evidence of the effects of this component on outcomes. Objective: The objective of this study was to synthesize evidence regarding the attention given to caregiver engagement in randomized control trials of transitional care interventions (TCIs), estimate the overall intervention effects, and assess caregiver engagement as a moderator of intervention effects. Methods: Three databases were systematically searched for randomized control trials of TCIs targeting adults living with physical or emotional chronic diseases. For the meta-analysis, overall effects were computed using the relative risk (RR) effect size and inverse variance weighting. Results: Fifty-four studies met criteria, representing 31,291 participants and 66 rehospitalizations effect sizes. Half (51%) the interventions lacked focus on caregiver engagement. The overall effect of TCIs on all-cause rehospitalizations was nonsignificant at 1 month (P=0.107, k=29), but significant at ≥2 months [RR=0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82, 0.97; P=0.007, k=27]. Caregiver engagement moderated intervention effects (P=0.05), where interventions with caregiver engagement reduced rehospitalizations (RR=0.83; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.92; P=0.001), and those without, did not (RR=0.97; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.08; P=0.550). Interventions with and without caregiver engagement did not differ in the average number of components utilized, however, interventions with caregiver engagement more commonly employed baseline needs assessments (P=0.032), discharge planning (P=0.006), and service coordination (P=0.035). Discussion: Future TCIs must consistently incorporate the active participation of caregivers in design, delivery, and evaluation.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors determined the association of postoperative delirium with dementia in the year following surgery in a large health network (January 2013 to December 2019). All patients over age 50 undergoing surgery requiring an inpatient stay were included and the primary outcome was a new dementia diagnosis in the 1 y following discharge.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article , two new nonlinear nonlocal Euler-Bernoulli theories were proposed to model mechanical properties corresponding to extensible or inextensible nanobeams and analyzed the static bending and the forced vibrations for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs).
Abstract: Although the small-scale effect and the material nonlinearity significantly impact the mechanical properties of nanobeams, their combined effects have not attracted the interest of researchers. The present paper proposes two new nonlinear nonlocal Euler–Bernoulli theories to model mechanical properties corresponding to extensible or inextensible nanobeams. Two new theories consider the material nonlinearity and the small-scale effect induced by the nonlocal effect. The new models are used to analyze the static bending and the forced vibrations for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The results indicate that the material nonlinearity and the nonlocal effect significantly impact SWCNT’s mechanical properties. Therefore, neglecting the two factors may cause qualitative mistakes.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a rapid review was conducted to synthesize evidence of palliative care delivery changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the most significant changes occurred in the structure and processes of Palliative Care (Domain 1), where increased utilization of telehealth was critical in circumventing barriers imposed by COVID19 mitigation.
Abstract: A rapid review was conducted to synthesize evidence of palliative care delivery changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes were synthesized according to the eight domains of high-quality palliative care and enduring implications for oncology nurses beyond the pandemic discussed.The most significant changes occurred in the structure and processes of palliative care (Domain 1), where increased utilization of telehealth was critical in circumventing barriers imposed by COVID-19 mitigation. The suboptimal availability of community-based psychosocial supports for patients and caregivers and inadequate health system-based psychosocial supports for healthcare providers were highlighted (Domains 3-5). The pandemic also ushered in an increased emphasis on the need for advance care planning (ACP), where integrating its delivery earlier in the outpatient setting and shifting policy to promote subsequent virtual documentation (Domain 8) were essential to ensure care preferences were clarified and accessible before health crises occurred.Continuing to embrace and sustain systems-level changes with respect to telehealth, psychosocial supports, and ACP are critical to bridging gaps in palliative care delivery underscored by the pandemic. Oncology nurses are well positioned to fill these gaps in care beyond the pandemic by providing evidence-based, palliative care throughout the cancer continuum.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors compared several traditional evaluation methods horizontally, extracted 71 intelligent models, discussed the publishing time, the evaluation accuracy of traditional models, and the prediction accuracy of intelligent models.
Abstract: Prediction of residual strength and residual life of corrosion pipelines is the key to ensuring pipeline safety. Accurate assessment and prediction make it possible to prevent unnecessary accidents and casualties, and avoid the waste of resources caused by the large-scale replacement of pipelines. However, due to many factors affecting pipeline corrosion, it is difficult to achieve accurate predictions. This paper reviews the research on residual strength and residual life of pipelines in the past decade. Through careful reading, this paper compared several traditional evaluation methods horizontally, extracted 71 intelligent models, discussed the publishing time, the evaluation accuracy of traditional models, and the prediction accuracy of intelligent models, input variables, and output value. This paper’s main contributions and findings are as follows: (1) Comparing several traditional evaluation methods, PCORRC and DNV-RP-F101 perform well in evaluating low-strength pipelines, and DNV-RP-F101 has a better performance in evaluating medium–high strength pipelines. (2) In intelligent models, the most frequently used error indicators are mean square error, goodness of fit, mean absolute percentage error, root mean square error, and mean absolute error. Among them, mean absolute percentage error was in the range of 0.0123–0.1499. Goodness of fit was in the range of 0.619–0.999. (3) The size of the data set of different models and the data division ratio was counted. The proportion of the test data set was between 0.015 and 0.4. (4) The input variables and output value of predictions were summarized.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors presented a methodology that can help classify health forum posts according to four age groups (0-17, 18-39, 40-64 and 65 + years) even when the posts do not contain explicit mention of the age of the patient.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: The inability to prescribe blood transfusions is a potential barrier to timely hospice enrollment for patients with blood cancers as discussed by the authors, and the benefits and harms of transfusions near the end of life are discussed.
Abstract: Aims:The inability to prescribe blood transfusions is a potential barrier to timely hospice enrollment for patients with blood cancers. The benefits and harms of transfusions near the end of life (...
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used configurational analysis and logistic regression within a single data set to compare results from the two methods, and found that the logistic model had a sensitivity (coverage) of 77.3% and specificity of 78.2%.
Abstract: Configurational methods are increasingly being used in health services research.To use configurational analysis and logistic regression within a single data set to compare results from the two methods.Secondary analysis of an observational cohort; a split-sample design involved randomly dividing patients into training and validation samples.Patients who had a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) in US Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals.The patient outcome was the combined endpoint of all-cause mortality or recurrent ischaemic stroke within 1 year post-TIA. The quality-of-care outcome was the without-fail rate (proportion of patients who received all processes for which they were eligible, among seven processes).For the recurrent stroke or death outcome, configurational analysis yielded a three-pathway model identifying a set of (validation sample) patients where the prevalence was 15.0% (83/552), substantially higher than the overall sample prevalence of 11.0% (relative difference, 36%). The configurational model had a sensitivity (coverage) of 84.7% and specificity of 40.6%. The logistic regression model identified six factors associated with the combined endpoint (c-statistic, 0.632; sensitivity, 63.3%; specificity, 63.1%). None of these factors were elements of the configurational model. For the quality outcome, configurational analysis yielded a single-pathway model identifying a set of (validation sample) patients where the without-fail rate was 64.3% (231/359), nearly twice the overall sample prevalence (33.7%). The configurational model had a sensitivity (coverage) of 77.3% and specificity of 78.2%. The logistic regression model identified seven factors associated with the without-fail rate (c-statistic, 0.822; sensitivity, 80.3%; specificity, 84.2%). Two of these factors were also identified in the configurational analysis.Configurational analysis and logistic regression represent different methods that can enhance our understanding of a data set when paired together. Configurational models optimise sensitivity with relatively few conditions. Logistic regression models discriminate cases from controls and provided inferential relationships between outcomes and independent variables.
TL;DR: The Cancer ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) model was introduced in September 2019 to promote best-practice cancer prevention, screening, and survivorship care by primary care providers (PCPs) as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: Abstract To improve cancer care in Indiana, a telementoring program using the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model was introduced in September 2019 to promote best-practice cancer prevention, screening, and survivorship care by primary care providers (PCPs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the program’s educational outcomes in its pilot year, using Moore’s Evaluation Framework for Continuing Medical Education and focusing on the program’s impact on participants’ knowledge, confidence, and professional practice. We collected data in 22 semi-structured interviews (13 PCPs and 9 non-PCPs) and 30 anonymous one-time surveys (14 PCPs and 16 non-PCPs) from the program participants (hub and spoke site members), as well as from members of the target audience who did not participate. In the first year, average attendance at each session was 2.5 PCPs and 12 non-PCP professionals. In spite of a relatively low PCP participation, the program received very positive satisfaction scores, and participants reported improvements in knowledge, confidence, and practice. Both program participants and target audience respondents particularly valued three features of the program: its conversational format, the real-life experiences gained, and the support received from a professional interdisciplinary community. PCPs reported preferring case discussions over didactics . Our results suggest that the Cancer ECHO program has benefits over other PCP-targetted cancer control interventions and could be an effective educational means of improving cancer control capacity among PCPs and others. Further study is warranted to explain the discrepancies among study participants’ perceptions of the program’s strengths and the relatively low PCP participation before undertaking a full-scale effectiveness study.