Showing papers by "Swedish Institute published in 1971"
01 Oct 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the relative size of the Hamaker constant of the liquid crystalline layer is a more important factor for the stability than the thickness of the adsorbed layer.
Abstract: The earlier hypothesis of the presence of a liquid crystalline layer at the interface of a stable emulsion has been experimentally verified by means of visual observation in a microscope. It is shown that the emulsions reach the high level of stability, which characterizes emulsions containing liquid crystals, when the liquid crystals begin to be dispersed as separate aggregates besides their location at the interface. Calculations of the influence on van der Waal's interaction between the emulsified droplets show that the relative size of the Hamaker constant of the liquid crystalline layer is a more important factor for the stability than the thickness of the adsorbed layer.
105 citations
01 Mar 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, the vapour-pressure values for aqueous solutions of sodium cholate, desoxycholate and dehydrocholate measured by a thermistor method were calculated.
Abstract: From the vapour-pressure values for aqueous solutions of sodium cholate, desoxycholate and dehydrocholate measured by a thermistor method the osmotic coefficients, the activity of water and the mean activity of the bile salts have been calculated. In the case of sodium cholate and desoxycholate these quantities were found to vary with concentration in a manner characteristic of association colloid solutions and pointing to an association process in the concentration range 0.013–0.11 and 0.004–0.05 molal, respectively. For the dehydrocholate the evidence of an association is less conclusive.
69 citations
01 Mar 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the presence of a "neat soap" mesomorphic phase on the stability of emulsions is shown by investigations on a model system of water, p-xylene, octanoic acid and l-amino-octane.
Abstract: The influence of the presence of a “neat soap” mesomorphic phase on the stability of emulsions is shown by investigations on a model system of water, p-xylene, octanoic acid and l-amino-octane. The mesomorphic phase could be formed in the system by increasing the emulsifier to oil ratio or by making the amine: acid ratio greater than above. In both cases, the stability of the emulsion increased suddenly when the system was changed in such a manner so that the mesomorphic phase was formed.
49 citations
01 Apr 1971
TL;DR: In this article, phase equilibria in systems of water/p-xylene/amines have been investigated and the results show that the polar interactions giving rise to molecular complexes in liquids and solids do not have the same structural influence in the liquid crystalline phase.
Abstract: Phase equilibria in systems of water/p-xylene/amines have been investigated. The results show that the polar interactions giving rise to molecular complexes in liquids and solids do not have the same structural influence in the liquid crystalline phase.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an investigation of the possibility of preparing aqueous solutions of triglycerides has been made by determining phase regions in systems of three and four components, and the results have shown that isotropic aQO solutions with solubilized triglyceride of up to about 15 wt % can be achieved.
Abstract: An investigation of the possibility of preparing aqueous solutions of triglycerides has been made by determining phase regions in systems of three and four components. The results have shown that isotropic aqueous solutions with solubilized triglyceride of up to about 15 wt % can be achieved. A primary solubilization of the triglyceride into a liquid crystalline phase of monoglyceride is followed by the addition of a hydrotrope which transforms the liquid crystalline phase into an isotropic liquid in which the triglyceride is soluble at certain component ratios.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between the mechanical properties of textile composite structures and those of the constituting face and liner fabrics have been studied experimentally and theoretically, and linear regression analysis has been made to test such correlations.
Abstract: The relationship between the mechanical properties of textile composite structures and those of the constituting face and liner fabrics have been studied experimentally and theoretically. Three different face fabrics have been fused together with a number of fusible interlinings of different base cloth, adhesive type, and adhesive-distribution type. The properties investigated include extension stiffness, residual extension, bending stiffness, shearability, shear stiffness, peel strength and, wrinkle and crease recovery. It is shown that certain properties of a composite material can be predicted from the knowledge of the corresponding properties of its components. Linear regression analysis has been made to test such correlations. The influence of face fabric and interlining on the properties of composite material have been studied.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of micellar liquid and liquid crystalline phases with the formation, existence and properties of microemulsions, hydrotropic solutions and emulsions were investigated.
Abstract: Investigations of phase equilibria in systems of water-surface active substances-organic compounds have related the properties of micellar liquid and liquid crystalline phases with the formation, existence and properties of microemulsions, hydrotropic solutions and emulsions.
28 citations
TL;DR: Elements present in airborne matter have been determined at the Swedish Institute for Silicate Research since the beginning of 1968 by means of X-ray fluorescence through field sampling and the measuring technique employed.
25 citations
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, the phase equilibria of the system water-1-amino-octane-octanoic acid-p-xylene were investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.
Abstract: The phase equilibria of the system water-1-amino-octane-octanoic acid-p-xylene were investigated. The association and structure conditions in the mesomorphic phase were investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The properties of the system are considered to be governed by the ordering forces between water and the amine giving rise to a liquid crystalline phase and by the formation of the strongly polar compound of the acid and the amine in the ratio one to one.
19 citations
TL;DR: Treatment of fabrics containing polyester with strong alkali (of saponification strength) imparts pigment soil-release properties equivalent to those obtained by conventional Soil-release finishes as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Treatment of fabrics containing polyester with strong alkali (of saponification strength) imparts pigment soil-release properties equivalent to those obtained by conventional Soil-Release finishes....
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the polymorphic behavior of a commercial monoglyceride emulsifier together with a liquid vegetable oil and water has been investigated by means of microscopic examination and differential scanning calorimetry.
Abstract: The polymorphic behavior of a commercial monoglyceride emulsifier together with a liquid vegetable oil and water has been investigated by means of microscopic examination and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that the stability regions of the liquid crystalline phases formed are highly dependent on the temperature and related both to the solubility of the monoglyceride emulsifier in the oil phase and to its polymorphic behavior. The formation and stability of emulsions are discussed in connection with the results obtained.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the wrinkling behavior of cotton fabrics at regains lower than complete swelling, the general tendency to wrinkle is more dependent on changes in moisture rather than the mere existence of an especially critical moisture regain range.
Abstract: Moist cross-linking eliminates almost completely the tendency of cotton fabrics to wrinkle more, simultaneously with moisture change. It is shown that this treatment gives optimal results if the moisture regain during the cross-linking corresponds to the lower part of the humidity interval within which it is meant to decrease the wrinkling (normally about 30-65% RH, the interval which corresponds to the humidity conditions in actual wear).Earlier data of the wrinkling and recovery of cotton fabrics in the wet and "half-dry" state, i.e., conditions corresponding to laundering, spin-drying, and tumble-drying, are reviewed. New results are presented, which show that the low wrinkle recovery after wrinkling in the "half-dry" state, as observed earlier, depends more on changes in moisture rather than the mere existence of an especially critical moisture regain range.The main conclusion is that for the wrinkling behavior of cotton fabrics at regains lower than complete swelling, the general tendency to wrinkle ...
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: In this article, different series of solutions in the isotropic phase of the ternary system n-octylamine-p-xylene water have been examined by NMR and/or light scattering.
TL;DR: Phase equilibria in a system of water, mixed emulsifiers, and liquid propellant are determined by visual observation of the number of phases after centrifugation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Stereoscan straining stage is used for textile materials, enabling direct observations of up to l00'/~ strains with applied loads of upto 50 lh.
Abstract: The straining stage operates satisfactorily for textile materials, enabling direct observations of up to l00’/~ strains with applied loads of up to 50 lh. By using nonionic water-soluble antistatic agents, it is possible to study textile materials over the full energy and magnification range of the Stereoscan while the material sare being strained. Vacuum can change the mechanical properties of textile fabrics, and this change must be taken into account when interpreting the micrographs.
TL;DR: In this article, the intermolecular forces which cause the formation of acid-soap aggregates were investigated by means of infrared and proton magnetic resonance spectra, and it was shown that soap-acid aggregates are formed, which initially contain three acid molecules per one soap molecule.