Showing papers by "Temple University published in 1969"

The practice of behavior therapy

Abstract: Well, someone can decide by themselves what they want to do and need to do but sometimes, that kind of person will need some practice of behavior therapy references. People with open minded will always try to seek for the new things and information from many sources. On the contrary, people with closed mind will always think that they can do it by their principals. So, what kind of person are you?

Ultrastructural and autoradiographic studies of mouse cleavage stages

Abstract: Studies of cleavage stage mouse embryos are reported, with particular emphasis upon nucleolar fine structural and functional changes. Multiple fibrillar primary nucleoli are present in the early 2-cell embryo. In late 2-cell embryos, some of these nucleoli acquire a peripheral zone of granules, while others reticulate, forming nucleoli composed of fibrillo-granular cortices and fibrillar cores. The nucleoli of early 4-cell embryos are composed only of fibrils. In the middle of the 4-cell stage, some of the nucleoli acquire a peripheral granular zone, while others reticulate. The reticulated nucleoli of both the late 2-cell and 4-cell embryos can be considered, on the basis of their fine structure, to be definitive nucleoli. Early 8-cell and morula embryos usually contain only two definitive nucleoli per nucleus. 3H-5-uridine-pulsed embryos contain label localized in the nucleus, particularly over definitive nucleoli. Nucleolar labeling increases at each successive developmental stage. Beginning at the 8-cell stage, re-incubation in nonradioactive medium results in a significant decrease in nucleolar labeling and an increase in cytoplasmic labeling suggesting that more ribosomal RNA is transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm at the later cleavage stages.

Early alterations in amino acid pools and protein synthesis of diploid fibroblasts stimulated to synthesize DNA by addition of serum.

Abstract: Diploid human fibroblasts in culture (WI 38) were allowed to reach a stationary phase and were then stimulated to reenter DNA synthesis and cell division by addition of serum to the culture medium. The rate of protein synthesis increased during the first hours after addition of serum reaching at three hours a plateau value that continued for at least 24 hours after serum addition. Inhibition of protein synthesis during the early hours after serum addition abolished the stimulation of DNA synthesis occurring 20 to 28 hours later. Increased protein synthesis was preceded by a rapid decrease in the intracellular pool size of most amino acids. These changes were independent of concomitant protein synthesis. They suggest that serum exerts an immediate effect on the function of the cell membrane.

Observing the classroom behavior of elementary school children.

Abstract: In this study of 10 normal children and a group of children with conduct or acting out disorders, evidence has been presented to suggest that a method of direct behavioral observation in the classroom is reliable, can discriminate between normal and emotionally disturbed children, yields meaningful information on the nature of a child's maladjustment to school when it is of the conduct problem type, offers data on the efficacy of a special class program, serves as a sensitive dependent variable measure of various acute therapeutic manipulations, and is comprised largely of independent items. The relevance of this measure to children with problems other than the conduct problem type has not been established.

A pheromone associated with social dominance among male rats

Abstract: Forty male rats, living in 10 groups (N = 4 per group), with stable dominance hierarchies preferred the odor from submissive strange males over that from dominant strange males (p <.05). The response to the two odors was not significantly related to Ss’ rank in their hierarchy. Fourteen males from four unstable hierarchies (N = 3–4 per group) preferred neither odor. The data suggest the existence of a releaser pheromone associated with social dominance in rats.

EDTA and urea peroxide for root canal preparation

Abstract: Early combinations of EDTA and urea peroxide led to discoloration and crystallization. A new formula, using a stable carbowax base can have clinical value in permitting medication to permeate the root structure more completely and destroy remaining microorganisms.

Eruption pathway formation in the presence of experimental tooth impaction in puppies.

Abstract: Eruption of permanent premolars in puppies was studied by implanting stainless steel wires through the mandible to stop eruptive movement well before the teeth were to appear in the oral cavity. Histologic and radiologic comparisons of operated with normal (unoperated) sides disclosed that the eruptive pathway forms for the impacted teeth although their eruptive movements were effectively prevented. This clearly shows that the mechanism of eruption pathway formation is not dependent upon direct and continual pressure on the bone from the erupting teeth. The genesis of pathway formation appeared to be the same for the impacted teeth as for the controls i.e., through continued ostetoclasis in the margin of the stalk of the dental follicle.

Discharge and restitution of secretory material in the rat parotid gland in response to isoproterenol.

Abstract: The sequence of morphological events occurring during discharge and restitution of secretory material in the rat parotid in response to isoproterenol administration has been studied using the electron microscope. With the dose used, discharge of secretory granules began within 5 min following injection and was complete by 40 mim. Intracellular accumulation of normal-appearing secretory material became evident at 6 hours, and restitution of resting quantities of secretory material was achieved between 12 and 18 hours after injection. Cellular events occurring during secretory discharge and restitution are discussed.

Autolytic Enzyme System of Streptococcus faecalis V. Nature of the Autolysin-Cell Wall Complex and Its Relationship to Properties of the Autolytic Enzyme of Streptococcus faecalis

Abstract: Cell walls from exponential-phase cultures of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 contain an autolysin (a beta-N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase, E.C. 3.2.1.17) which has been isolated from trypsin-speeded wall autolysates. The autolysin, which was excluded from Bio-Gel P-60, was further fractionated by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography or filtration on Bio-Gel P-200. After DEAE-cellulose chromatography, which removed most of the wall polysaccharide, autolysin activity was extremely labile and was rapidly lost at -20 C, even in the presence of albumin. The P-60-excluded enzyme was rapidly bound by walls at both 37 C (50% bound in about 1 min) and 0 C (50% bound in less than 4 min). Wall-bound autolysin could not be removed by 1.0 m ammonium acetate (pH 6.9). Autolysin was also bound by walls that had been extracted with 10% trichloroacetic acid or treated with 0.01 n periodate, suggesting that the nonpeptidoglycan wall polymers are not important for binding. Wall-bound autolysin was more stable than the soluble enzyme to proteinase digestion, acetone (40%), 8 m urea (at 0 C), or to inactivation at 56 C. Two bacterial neutral proteinases (which do not hydrolyze ester bonds) activated latent wall-bound autolysin, suggesting that activation results from the cleavage of one or more peptide bonds. The group A streptococcal proteinase activated latent autolysin but differed from the other proteinases in that it did not inactivate soluble autolysin. The results suggest that the autolysin is not covalently linked to the wall. The high affinity of the walls for the autolysin appears to be responsible for the firm, not easily reversed binding.

Relationship between the Latent Form and the Active Form of the Autolytic Enzyme of Streptococcus faecalis

Abstract: A 10-hr starvation of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 for the amino acids methionine and threonine results in cells which are resistant to autolysis and which contain greatly reduced quantities of both active and latent (proteinase activable) forms of the autolytic enzyme (an N-acetyl-muramide glycanhydrolase). Cell walls were isolated from cells harvested at various times during the recovery from such starvation and were assayed for active and latent forms of the autolysin. Within 10 min of recovery the latent enzyme began to increase. Only after 30 to 60 min did the active enzyme begin to increase; after a similar lag, the cells' proneness to lysis markedly increased. The intracellular localization of both forms of the autolysin was examined, using as an experimental tool the ability of added cell wall to bind autolysin. 14C-lysine-labeled, inactivated cell walls were added to exponential-phase cells, which were then disrupted, and the mixed wall population was isolated. Measurement of the 14C release during wall autolysis indicated that the active enzyme in the cells was not available for binding to the added 14C-labeled walls and was therefore wall-bound in vivo. In contrast, up to 85% of latent autolysin activity was found to have been efficiently bound to the added 14C walls. The results obtained suggest (i) cellular autolysis is a reflection of the level of active enzyme and not of latent enzyme, and (ii) autolysin is synthesized and mainly located in the cytoplasm as an inactive latent precursor (proenzyme) which is transported to sites on the cell wall associated with wall biosynthesis, where it becomes activated.

Rate of drug metabolism in obese volunteers before and during starvation and in azotemic patients.

Abstract: The elimination of sulfisoxazole was studied to determine the effects of several clinical states on excretion and metabolism of drugs. Plasma and urine free sulfisoxazole and and urine total sulfisoxazole were measured at intervals after a 2.0-Gm. intravenous dose. Plasma half-life and the rates of metabolism and excretion of free drug were calculated from these values. Six healthy obese volunteers had a range of metabolism rates of 0.052–0.074 hr. −1 and excretion rates of 0.028–0.077 hr. −1 . Five of these were studied during a period of starvation ketoacidosis at which time excretion rates were decreased in all and metabolism rates were unchanged. Three of four patients with azotemia had low excretion rates and all had very low metabolism rates for this drug. We conclude that azotemic patients cannot metabolize some drugs at a normal rate and therefore may require lower than customary doses to avoid excessive cumulation.

The development of gluconeogenesis in rat liver: experiments in vivo.

Abstract: 1. The injection of substrate amounts of lactate into newborn rats produced an increase in the concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate in liver. Similar experiments with foetal rats showed no increase in phosphoenolpyruvate concentration although pyruvate formation was observed. 2. The administration of pyruvate to foetal rats was also without effect on the hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate concentration, although a 20-fold increase in this was observed when pyruvate was injected into newborn animals. 3. Analogous experiments with aspartate produced qualitatively similar differences between foetal and newborn rats. 4. When [14C]-lactate, -pyruvate or -aspartate was injected into foetal or newborn rats incorporation of radioactivity into liver glucose was observed only in the newborn animals. 5. Lactate/pyruvate ratios of 213 in foetal liver and 13·5 in the livers of newborn rats indicated a relatively reduced environment in the cytosol of foetal liver. This difference in redox state was illustrated experimentally by a greater conversion of pyruvate into lactate and an increased formation of malate in foetal liver. 6. Although both the substrate-loading and tracer experiments indicated a block in gluconeogenesis in foetal liver at the stage of conversion of oxaloacetate into phosphoenolpyruvate, gluconeogenesis was also hindered by a highly reduced environment.