Showing papers by "Toyota published in 1984"

Energy absorption in blends of polycarbonate with ABS and SAN

Abstract: Polycarbonate and its blends with ABS and SAN were tested to study the energy absorbing properties and the deformation mechanism. In tension and impact tests, these blends were found to possess a high energy absorbing capability, high yield strength and large rupture elongation. ABS and SAN particles in the blends deform in a ductile manner to an elongation of more than 100% under a tensile stress. In an elongation test of ABS under a hydraulic pressure of 90×105 N m−2, the transformation from crazing to a cold-drawing mechanism was found to occur. The large elongation of ABS and SAN in the blends is attributed to the cold drawing which occurs under the influence of the pressure acting on the dispersed ABS and SAN, caused by the difference between the elastic moduli of the dispersoid and the matrix.

Attitude control of a triple inverted pendulum

Abstract: The paper is concerned with the attitude control of a triple inverted pendulum. The lowest hinge is free for rotation and the torques of the upper two hinges are manipulated not only to stabilize the pendulum but also to control its attitude. The control system is designed by using CAD developed by the author and is realized by a minicomputer. The designed controller is a robust servo controller for a linearized model in the neighbourhood of the upright position of triple inverted pendulum. Experimental results show that the designed controller works satisfactorily.

Mechanism of fracture of short glass fibre-reinforced polyamide thermoplastic

Abstract: The mechanism of fracture of short glass fibre-reinforced polyamide 6.6 thermoplastic was studied by means of optical and electron microscopy and acoustic emission methods. It was found that there were three stages in the failure, i.e. initiation of the interfacial cracks at fibre ends, propagation of the interfacial cracks along fibre sides, and propagation of the crack into the matrix leading to the failure of the composite. On the fracture surface, fibres were almost pulled-out from the matrix, not broken. The close correspondence between the crack initiation and propagation and the amplitude of AE signals was observed. The AE signals of lower amplitude occurring under a relatively low stress were considered to be made in association with the initiation and propagation of the interfacial cracks. The AE signals of higher amplitude observed prior to the failure of the composite were considered to be made in association with the occurrence of the matrix cracks. Furthermore, in order to analyse the effect of the stress state in the composite on crack occurrence and propagation, the stress levels in matrix, fibre and interface were estimated for the composite stressed to the failure stress. The calculation was based on the equivalent inclusion method proposed by Eshelby and on an assumption of a perfect bond between the matrix and the fibres. The result was found to be consistent with the mechanism of the fracture, the occurrence of the interfacial cracking in the initial stage and the matrix cracking in the final one.

Method and apparatus for controlling continuously variable transmission for vehicle

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling a continuously variable transmission for a vehicle for transmitting an output of an engine of the vehicle to its drive wheels, comprising a step or device for detecting an engine speed, a step or device for detecting a vehicle running speed, a step or device for sensing a vacuum pressure in an intake manifold connected to the engine, a step or device for determining an actual engine output based on the detected engine speed and the sensed intake vacuum pressure, a step or device for determining a target engine speed based on the detected vehicle running speed and the determined actual engine output, and according to a predetermined relation among the target engine speed, the vehicle running speed and the actual engine output, said relation being predetermined to attain a required output of the engine with a minimum specific fuel consumption, and further comprising a step or device for controlling the speed ratio such that the detected engine speed coincides with the target engine speed.

X-Ray Diffraction Study of Aqueous Montmorillonite Emulsions

Abstract: An X-ray diffraction study of aqueous emulsions of a Na-montmorillonite shows that: (1) At low water content, the d-spacings of the montmorillonite increased stepwise with increasing water content; (2) At high water content, sharp (001) peaks due to regular stacking of montmorillonite layers were not detectable, but broad, halo patterns were observed in the low-angle scattering region; and (3) The addition of Ca 2+ or H § to the aqueous emulsions caused Ca-montmoriUonite or H-montmorillonite crystals to form. A zig-zag column model of montmorillonite layers fits the observed data for aqueous emulsions of Na-montmorillonite.

Vehicle height control system

Abstract: A vehicle height control system includes a plurality of vehicle height adjusters actuated by a hydropneumatic actuating system and controlled by control signals from a control unit The control unit calculates, for each of the vehicle height adjusters, a target difference between a target adjustment position set by a setting device and an actual position detected by a vehicle height sensor associated with the adjuster, and the control unit generates the control signals in accordance with the respective target differences The control unit further selects a maximum target difference, and calculates deviations of the target differences from the maximum target difference When any of the deviations exceeds a predetermined value, the adjustment operation of the vehicle height adjuster associated with this deviation is temporarily stopped thereby correcting the nonuniformity of the adjustments in the vehicle height adjusters

Piezoelectric actuator and a piezoelectric pump injector incorporating the same

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator comprises a housing having an inside cavity in which is mounted a column of piezoelectric elements having interleaved electrodes. The column of piezoelectric elements is mounted within a sealed enclosure which divides the inside cavity of the housing into an inner space receiving the column of piezoelectric elements and an outer space. The inner space is filled with a flowable, electrically insulative, thermally conductive material such as silicone oil held in direct contact with and in a heat transfer relationship with the column of piezoelectric elements. The silicone oil serves to isolate the column of piezoelectric elements and the electrodes from moisture and other foreign materials that would otherwise affect an insulation breakdown voltage. A cooling liquid is adapted to be circulated through the outer space surrounding the enclosure to absorb heat transferred thereto from the column of piezoelectric elements through the flowable thermally conducting material. The piezoelectric actuator may be incorporated with a fuel injection nozzle to form a pump injector which pressurizes and injects fuel at each energization of the column of piezoelectric elements.

Monolithic catalyst for exhaust gas purification

Abstract: A monolithic catalyst, for the purification of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, comprising: an inert carrier; a film of alumina and rare earth oxides coated onto the surface of said inert carrier, wherein Ce and La are present in said film at an atomic ratio of Ce/La of 0.05-0.3 and the total content of rare earth oxides in said film is 2-50 wt. %, measured as R2 O3, wherein R is an element of the lanthanide series of the Periodic Table; and said film carries a catalyst component containing at least one element of the platinum family.

Apparatus for separating condensable gas

Abstract: This invention provides an apparatus for separating condensable gas, which is provided with, as a membrane for separating condensable gas, an inorganic porous membrane which has a layer having a multiplicity of micropores communicating in the thickness direction of the membrane and having a pore radius, as determined by the nitrogen absorption method, of up to 50 Å, and preferably up to 20 Å, and which has an affinity for said condensable gas or is hydrophilic. This apparatus yields highly selective permeation of condensable gas, such as water vapor or organic gases.

Epoxy resin composition

Abstract: Epoxy resin compositions including an epoxy resin, a hardener and an additive containing a rust preventing film forming component are provided. The additive is lanolin and/or a lanolin derivative. Optionally, the composition also includes a secondary additive selected from organosilicon compounds, organoaluminum compounds, organotitantium compounds, organotin compounds, liquid rubber having functional groups at both ends of the molecule, petroleum lubricating oils or Japan wax. These epoxy resin compositions, when used as encapsulating materials, prevent moisture and impurities from invading the surface of the device.

Plasma polymerized membranes and gas permeability. II

Abstract: Thin films were deposited onto porous substrates by plasma polymerization using three kinds of organosilicic compounds, tetramethylsilane (TMS), hexamethyldisiloxane (M2), and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4). Those composite membranes showed different characteristics of gas permeability. When D4 was plasma-deposited onto a porous substrate, the composites membrane showed the highest oxygen permeability and the lowest oxygen-to-nitrogen permeability ratio. The composite membrane prepared from TMS showed the permeability characteristics opposite to the membrane obtained from D4. Infrared spectrum of the polymer from D4 resembles that of dimethylpolysiloxane. The plasma polymers from TMS and M2 showed different profiles in SiO absorption bands in the range 1100–1000 cm-1 or in absorption bands of SiCH3 groups in the range 850–750 cm-1 from respective monomers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic observation indicated that all the plasma polymers contained more than two species of Si atom with different oxidation states. The greater part of Si atoms in plasma polymers took the same oxidation states in corresponding monomer. The gas permeability characteristics were closely related to the oxidation states of Si atom in the plasma polymers.

Apparatus for controlling continuously variable transmission

Abstract: The apparatus for controlling the CVT for a vehicle includes means for controlling a desired speed ratio of the CVT, means for storing a map of engine speed versus positions of the throttle valve for providing the minimum fuel consumption and means for calculating, by use of the map, a desired engine speed value corresponding to the detected throttle position. Also provided are means for determining a first operating area of the engine speed based upon the throttle opening, which area is spaced from the desired engine speed and is capable of providing sufficient power to obtain a smooth acceleration at a fixed transmission ratio as well as means for determining a second operating area of the engine speed based on the vehicle speed where the engine speed is high in relation to the vehicle speed, the second area being spaced from the desired engine speed and being capable of providing sufficient power to obtain a smooth acceleration at a fixed transmission ratio. Means are also provided for providing a signal to the transmission varying means for maintaining a current fixed speed ratio when the engine is operating in the first or second area, as well as means for providing a signal to the transmission varying means for varying the speed ratio so that the actual engine speed corresponds to the desired engine speed when the engine is in an area other than the first and second areas.

System for measuring amount of particulates exhausted from vehicle engine

Abstract: A system for measuring amounts of particulates exhausted from a vehicle internal combustion engine, such as a diesel engine, has a dilution tunnel into which exhaust gas is introduced and mixed with and diluted by clear air. One part of the diluted gas is introduced into a first sampling arrangement in which a first filter is provided for collecting particulates of dry soot and another part of the diluted gas is introduced into a second sampling arrangement in which a second filter is provided for collecting particulates of soluble organic fraction (SOF). The amounts of dry soot and SOF are calculated in a real time manner in accordance with the pressure drops across the filters on the basis of the time differential of the signals output from pressure transducers provided for each filter.

Exhaust support system

Abstract: An exhaust support system for a midship engine rear wheel drive-type vehicle having a transversely mounted engine. The exhaust support system has first and second cylindrical exhaust devices which are provided in horizontally separate positions alongside each other. The first exhaust device is connected with an exhaust manifold of the engine by a first exhaust pipe. The second exhaust device is connected with the first exhaust device by a second exhaust pipe. The first exhaust pipe is mounted onto the second exhaust device by a bracket which extends in a perpendicular direction to the longitudinal axes of the first and second exhaust devices. The bracket is made of sheet of a metal, and has a thick thickness.

Hydraulic control apparatus for a continuously variable transmission

Abstract: A hydraulic control apparatus for controlling a line pressure utilized in a continuously variable transmission. The apparatus controls the amount of line pressure supplied to be as small as possible without resulting in any slippage between a belt member which spans the pulleys. The apparatus monitors torque on the input shaft and output shaft to determine if any slippage is occurring.

Thermal expansion of hot-pressed cordierite glass ceramics

Abstract: Mesure du coefficient de dilatation thermique de plusieurs echantillons de vitroceramique de cordierite pressee a chaud. Le large spectre de valeurs est relie aux microfissures qui apparaissent au cours du refroidissement et a la transformation de phase hexagonale→orthorhombique

Construction of door in motor vehicle

Abstract: A vehicle door comprising a door section having a door panel and a window frame, wherein the door panel includes an inner housing extending between an exterior and an interior of the vehicle. Forward and rearward guide channels are secured to the door panel and extend within the inner housing and the window section of the door. Guide members connected to a door glass ride within the forward and rearward channels and include attachment members secured to the door glass for positioning the door glass in response to movement of the guide members within the forward and rearward channels. Forward and rearward brackets are attached to the window frame and include weather seals extending between the bracket and the door glass. A housing supporting a mirror is mounted on the vehicle door and extends along the forward bracket. The housing is mounted so that the forward guide channels are positioned between the forward bracket and the mirror, in order to prevent an obstructed view of the mirror by a vehicle occupant.

Internal combustion engine cooling system and method of operation thereof

Abstract: An engine has cylinder head and cylinder block cooling jackets. A control system controls a valve system to circulate fluid through a conduit system, the jackets and a radiator in various flow patterns. If the block jacket cooling fluid temperature is less than a warmup completion temperature, the control system establishes a combined conduit circuit including both the head and the block cooling jacket but not including the radiator, and makes a cooling fan system for the radiator blow relatively weakly. If the block jacket cooling fluid temperature is greater than the warmup completion temperature, then, if it is less than an overheating temperature higher than that, the control system establishes two substantially separate conduit circuits, one including the head cooling jacket and the radiator, and the other including the block cooling jacket but not the radiator; but, if it is greater, the control system establishes a combined conduit circuit including both the head and block cooling jacket and also the radiator. If the block jacket cooling fluid temperature is greater than a block fan trigger temperature equal to or slightly higher than the warmup completion temperature, then: if the head jacket cooling fluid temperature is less than a head fan trigger temperature less than the warmup completion temperature, the control system makes the fan system blow relatively weakly; while, if the head jacket cooling fluid temperature is greater than this head fan trigger temperature, the control system makes the fan system blow relatively strongly.

Method of and apparatus for automatically correcting position of TV camera

Abstract: A method of correcting the position of a TV camera (2a, 2b) for taking up the image of an object to produce video signals of the image, suitable for use in,forexample, automotive headlamp beam testing system. The images of reference points (10a, 10b) which are provided for the purpose of correcting the TV camera position are taken up by the TV camera (2a, 2b). Then, the position data representing the positions of the reference points (10a, 10b) in the field of vision of the TV camera (2a, 2b) is determined. The position data are compared with predetermined reference point data representing the positions of the reference points in the field of vision of the TV camera (2a, 2b) as obtained when the TV camera (2a, 2b) is in the correct position, thereby determining the amount of deviation of the TV camera (2a, 2b). Then, the driving unit is operated in accordance with the thus determined amount of deviation to adjust the optical axis of said TV camera (2a, 2b) so as to eliminate the deviation of the TV camera position. Disclosed also is a method in which the measurement data obtained through the TV camera is corrected in accordance with the amount of deviation of the TV camera, as well as aparatus suitable for carrying out these methods.

Holder for rotary cutting tools

Abstract: A holder for a rotary cutting tools has a holder body fixed to a spindle of a machine tool. A rotatable shaft concentric with the holder body and having a tool-mounting portion at one end thereof is coupled at its other end portion to the holder body to receive torque from the holder body. The rotatable shaft is so mounted as to be radially displaceable and inclinable relative to the holder body. A positioning member is fixedly disposed on the machine tool body radially outwardly of the spindle. A cylindrical casing disposed radially outwardly of and rotatably engaged with the rotatable shaft such that the casing and the shaft are rotatable relative to each other, the casing being engageable with the positioning member for accurate positioning thereof by the positioning member, and thereby positioning the rotatable shaft. The holder may further have a circumferential lock mechanism for locking the casing and the holder body to prevent relative rotation between the casing and the holder body when the holder is not attached to the spindle, and for allowing relative rotation after the holder has been attached to the spindle.

Antiskid control with wheel-speed difference compensation

Abstract: in an antiskid control system, first and second wheel speed values are derived from pulse signals supplied from wheel speed sensors to indicate respectively the rotational speeds of first and second wheels of the vehicle. A trimming value is derived from the difference between the first and second wheel speed values and used as a multiplier by which the first wheel speed value is multiplied to compensate for the deviation of the speed of the first wheel with respect to the speed of the second wheel. The compensated first wheel speed value compared with a variable threshold that is a function of the speed of the vehicle to determine the down pressure timing.

Method and apparatus for evaluating the performance of dielectric substances

Abstract: An apparatus for evaluating the performance of a dielectric substance includes: at least a pair of electrodes (1) disposed in contact with the dielectric substance to be measured; a power supply (2) for applying a pulse voltage to the electrodes (1); a current detector (3) for detecting a transient response current flowing between the electrodes dependent on the component of the dielectric substance disposed between the electrodes (1); and a signal processor (4) for evaluating the performance of the dielectric substance. The performance evaluation may be performed based on at least one of a peak value of the transient response current at a certain period of time, a difference between the peak value and a value at a fixed period of time after the peak value, and a ratio of the peak value to the difference between the two values. With this method and apparatus, the performance of the dielectric substance can quantitatively be evaluated.

Method of brazing an aluminum material

Abstract: A method of brazing an aluminum material. At least a portion of the material is brought into contact with a coating solution containing cesium and fluorine ions, whereby a chemically coated flux layer composed of cesium fluoroaluminate or a mixture thereof with aluminum fluoride is formed on the surface of the material. Then, the material is heated and joined to another material with a brazing alloy.

Air-fuel ratio detector and method of measuring air-fuel ratio

Abstract: A detector and a measuring method for detecting an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine or the like The detector has a tubular body having a closed end, a solid electrolyte permeable to oxygen ions which divides the interior of the tubular body into a closed-end section and an open-end section, and electrodes mounted on opposite surfaces of the solid electrolyte One pair of the electrodes on the opposite surfaces of the solid electrolyte is connected to a circuit for detecting an electromotive force, thus constituting an oxygen sensor The other electrode pair is connected to a DC power supply, thus constituting an oxygen pump The oxygen sensor detects the quantity of oxygen in a gas supplied through a gas dispersion member The direction of flow and magnitude of and electric current in the oxygen pump are controlled on the basis of an output from the oxygen sensor for enabling the gas to have a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio

Telescopic steering column assembly

Abstract: A telescopic steering column assembly in which the length of a steering shaft may be adjusted comprising a pair of shafts which are telescopeable while maintaining rotary engagement, a fixed bracket mountable on a vehicle body for rotatably supporting one of said shafts while restricting the axial movement thereof relative to said fixed bracket, a movable bracket which is movable with respect to said fixed bracket for rotatably supporting the other shaft while restricting the axial movement thereof relative to said movable bracket, screw means including A pair of internally and externally threaded members which threadably engage for effecting the relative movement between said brackets and rotary drive means mounted on one of the brackets for imparting the rotary movement to said screw means.

Internal combustion engine with two intake valves

Abstract: An internal combustion engine provided with a first port of a helical shape and second port of a straight shape opened to the combustion chamber. The first port provides a swirl motion in the cylinder, while the second port is opened to the combustion chamber at a position near the spark electrodes located at the upper portion of the combustion chamber in the center thereof. An intake control valve selectively opens or closes the second intake port in accordance with operating conditions of the engine. A main injector is arranged in the second port downstream of the intake control valve. The injector is so controlled that it opens substantially during the intake stroke when the intake control valve is closed. The injector is controlled to inject at the period substantially not located in the intake stroke.

Antiskid control with surface friction compensation by prolonged down-pressure operation

Abstract: In an antiskid control system for a motor vehicle, the speed and acceleration of at least one vehicle wheel are detected, and from the detected wheel speed, the speed of the vehicle is estimated. First and second variable threshold values are derived from the vehicle speed. The wheel speed and acceleration are compared with the first and second thresholds, respectively, to estimate the level of road surface friction and to operate solenoid-operated hydraulic brake pressure decreasing means. The operating period of the pressure decreasing means is controlled in accordance with the estimated road surface friction to prevent excessive reduction of the brake pressure and premature locking of the wheels.