scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers by "Universidad del Norte, Colombia published in 2005"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a semi-compensatory two-stage discrete choice model incorporating randomly distributed thresholds for attribute acceptance is proposed, which can be expressed as a function of the socioeconomics characteristics of the individual and the conditions under which the choice process takes place.
Abstract: Random utility models are typically based on the assumptions that individuals exhibit compensatory behaviour and that their choice sets are pre-specified. These assumptions may be unrealistic in many practical cases; in particular, it has been argued that thresholds may be part of choice–rejection mechanisms (i.e. if the threshold of any attribute for a given alternative is surpassed the alternative is rejected) and, therefore, act as explicit criteria to determine the set of feasible alternatives. We formulate a semi-compensatory two-stage discrete choice model incorporating randomly distributed thresholds for attribute acceptance. The formulation allows us to estimate the parameters of the threshold’s probability distribution; these parameters can be expressed as a function of the socio-economics characteristics of the individual and the conditions under which the choice process takes place. Applying the model to real and simulated data allowed us to conclude that if thresholds exist in the population, the use of compensatory models such as Multinomial Logit or even Mixed Logit, can lead to serious errors in model estimation and, therefore, in the computation of marginal rates of substitution such as the subjective value of time, as well as in prediction. Although the Mixed Logit model can deal with random parameters allowing to treat taste differences, we found it could not be used to accommodate non-compensatory behaviour or to represent the existence of thresholds.

151 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A methodology that, for the problem of scheduling of a single server on multiple products, finds a dynamic control policy via intelligent agents that optimizes a cost function based on the WIP inventory, the backorder penalty costs and the setup costs, while meeting the productivity constraints for the products.

78 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Because there were confirmed DF cases during the study period, the transmission threshold based on the Ae.
Abstract: Aedes aegypti (L.) density indices obtained in a dengue fever (DF) endemic area were compared. One hundred and twenty premises, in an urban area of Colombia where dengue type-1 and type-2 virus cocirculated, were randomly selected and sampled for 7 months. The geometric mean monthly numbers (density index, DI) of Ae. aegypti eggs (ODI), 4th instar larvae (LDI), pupae (PDI), and adults (ADI) were calculated based on the use of ovitraps, nets, and manual aspirators, respectively. A negative temporal correlation was observed between the LDI and the ODI (r = -0.83, df = 5, and P < 0.01). Positive temporal correlations were only observed between the LDI and the PDI (r = 0.90, df = 5, and P < 00.5) and the Breteau and House indices (r = 0.86, df = 5, and P < 0.01). No other correlations were found between these indices and any of the other density indices or the incidence of suspected DF cases in residents, the temperature, the rainfall, or seasonal fluctuations. Our results were, therefore, probably due to the most productive Ae. aegypti breeding sites (large water containers) being located indoors within this study area. The number of adult female Ae. aegypti/person (n = 0.5) and pupae/person (n = 11) in our study area were lower and dramatically higher than the transmission thresholds previously reported for adult and pupae, respectively. Because there were confirmed DF cases during the study period, the transmission threshold based on the Ae. aegypti pupae was clearly more reliable. We found that the mean ovitrap premise index (OPI) was 98.2% during this study and that the mean larval (L-4th instars) premise index (LPI) was 59.2%, and therefore we suggest that the OPI and LPI would be more sensitive methods to gauge the effectiveness of A. aegypti control programs.

71 citations


15 Dec 2005
TL;DR: The SF38 for the social and economic analysis allows to establish a base line in the health profile determination and is inserted in the studies as the National Health Survey because of the continuity of this dates allow us medical care planification estrategies and the health usuaries attention.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to document some aspects related to the instruments at present used in diverse european, asian and american countries to measure quality of life related to the health Also describes the fortitude and utility in its application, and proposes the interest of these tools, specially the SF38 for the social and economic analysis This instrument allows to establish a base line in the health profile determination wich is inserted in the studies as the National Health Survey because of the continuity of this dates allow us medical care planification estrategies and the health usuaries attention

69 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
10 Oct 2005
TL;DR: A novel Generalized Multiobjective Multitree model (GMM-model), which considers for the first time multitree-multicast load balancing with splitting in a multiobjective context, whose mathematical solution is a whole Pareto optimal set that can include several results than it has been possible to find in the publications surveyed.
Abstract: This paper presents a new traffic engineering load balancing taxonomy, classifying several publications and including their objective functions, constraints and proposed heuristics. Using this classification, a novel Generalized Multiobjective Multitree model (GMM-model) is proposed. This model considers for the first time multitree-multicast load balancing with splitting in a multiobjective context, whose mathematical solution is a whole Pareto optimal set that can include several results than it has been possible to find in the publications surveyed. To solve the GMM-model, a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) inspired by the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA) is proposed. Experimental results considering up to 11 different objectives are presented for the well-known NSF network, with two simultaneous data flows.

36 citations


01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a study of 48 Mipymes de los sectores alimentos y confecciones of la ciudad de Barranquilla (Colombia) vinculadas al programa Expopyme de la Universidad del Norte, in materia de reclutamiento y seleccion, descripcion de cargos, orientacion del empleado, entrenamientó, and evaluacion del desempeno, administración de la compensaci
Abstract: El proposito de esta investigacion fue conocer ?cual es la situacion actual registrada inicialmente en 48 Mipymes de los sectores alimentos y confecciones de la ciudad de Barranquilla (Colombia) vinculadas al programa Expopyme de la Universidad del Norte, en materia de reclutamiento y seleccion, descripcion de cargos, orientacion del empleado, entrenamiento y formacion, evaluacion del desempeno, administracion de la compensacion, salud ocupacional y bienestar social?, ?cuales son las caracteristicas predominantes de sus empleados?, ?como se llevan dichos procesos a la practica?, ?quien es el encargado de la gestion del talento humano? Los hallazgos ratifican las dificiles condiciones por las que atraviesan las Mipymes en materia de gestion humana, dado que su capacidad financiera, cultura y estructura no les permite contar con un area especifica que atienda la totalidad de requerimientos de las personas que las componen. El dueno, gerente o administrador debe hacer acopio de todas sus capacidades y competencias para actuar como facilitador y conductor de las personas de la empresa. Los procesos criticos son induccion, formacion y entrenamiento, salud ocupacional y bienestar, lo que las hace poco competitivas frente al entorno globalizado del siglo XXI.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown here that the statistical properties of the spacing between the lines are similar in teeth from both ancient and modern humans and from extinct archosaurs and they also resemble heart rate variability of living humans.
Abstract: A major determinant of tooth architecture is the arrangement of lines in dentin and in the enamel following the contour of the surface. Since the original description of these lines in the 19th century, they have been attributed to recurring events during tooth development. They have also attracted the attention of dental scientists and anthropologists; however, to date, studies of these structures have been largely theoretical and microscopic. We show here that the statistical properties of the spacing between the lines are similar in teeth from both ancient and modern humans and from extinct archosaurs, reptiles that lived tens or hundreds of millions of years ago-they also resemble heart rate variability of living humans. We propose that the deposition of these recurring structures is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. This control accounts for their regularity and recurrent nature and implies that the lines are an expression of a biologic rhythm which has been conserved throughout evolution. Details of the rhythms give clues to life styles in ancient civilizations and to the physiology of extinct archosaurs.

21 citations


15 Jun 2005
TL;DR: La leptospirosis debe tenerse en cuenta dentro del diagnostico diferencial de otras entidades comunes en the region (fiebre de dengue) and the most prevalent was the serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae.
Abstract: Resumen Objetivos: Describir el comportamiento epidemiologico de la leptospirosis en el departamento del Atlantico (Colombia), de enero de 1999 a marzo del 2004. Metodologia: Estudio descriptivo. Se analizaron 970 muestras unicas de pacientes sospechosos de infecciones con Leptospira en el Laboratorio Departamental del Atlantico mediante Aglutinacion Microscopica (MAT), usando como antigenos los serovares Icterohemorragiae, Pomona, Canicola, Hardjo, Grippotyphosa y Hardjo-bovis de Leptospira interrogans. Informacion adicional sobre la clinica de pacientes a traves de fichas epidemiologicas y visitas a hospitales, ademas de datos de precipitacion anual, fue obtenida. Resultados: El 9,7% de los casos fueron positivos para Leptospira, siendo los serovares Icterohaemor- rhagiae (62%) y Hardjo (12,8%) los mas frecuentes. La mayoria de casos (61%), se presentaron en hombres entre 15 y 45 anos de edad y la clinica mas comun se asocio a fiebre (91,7%), mialgias (72,2%), vomito/nausea (70,8%), cefalea (68,1%) e ictericia (63,9%). El 8.6% de los casos asociados a infec- ciones con el serovar Ictherohemorragiae fueron severos; la sintomatologia coincidio con el sindrome de Weil, pero no se registraron fatalidades. En los anos 2003(23), 2001(21) y 2002(18) se registro la mayor incidencia de casos, en meses de alta precipitacion (Agosto-Noviembre). Los municipios con mayor numero de casos fueron Barranquilla (46), Soledad (25), Puerto Colombia (6) y Galapa (6). Conclusiones: La leptospirosis debe tenerse en cuenta dentro del diagnostico diferencial de otras entidades comunes en la region (fiebre de dengue). Un diligenciamiento completo de la ficha epidemio- logica permitira un estudio mas detallado de esta patologia, para desarrollar programas de vigilancia y prevencion eficaces. Palabras claves: Leptospira, serologia, Atlantico, Colombia. Abstract Objective: This study was performed to describe the epidemiological situation of Leptospira in the Departament of Atlantico (Colombia), from January 1999 to March 2004. Methods: A descriptive study was performed. A total of 970 single serum samples from patients with suspected Leptospira infections, were analyzed using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The serovars of Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Canicola, Hardjo, Grippotyphosa and Hardjo-bovis belonging to L. interrogans, were used as antigens. Information about clinical presentation based on epidemiological sheets, visits to patients and climatological data were obtained. Results: The 9,7% samples were IgM positive for Leptospira and the most prevalent was the serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae (62%), followed by Hardjo (12.8%). Most of the patients were male (61%) between 15 and 45 y.o. The most common presenting features in these patients were (91.7%), myalgia (72%), vomit/nausea (70.8%), headache (68.1%) and icterichia (63.9%). 8.6% of the cases were severe, associated to infections with the serovar Icterohemorragiae and their symptomathology was similar to the Weil s syndrome; no fatalities were registered. The highest incidences were recorded during the years 2003 (23), 2001(21) and 2002 (18) especially during the rainy season (August-November). Barranquilla reported the highest number of cases (46) followed by Soledad (25), Puerto Colombia (6) and Galapa (6). Conclusions: Since leptospirosis is an increasing public health problem in the Caribbean Region, dif- ferential diagnosis with other similar pathologies (dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever) has to be performed and surveillance and preventive programmes must be implemented. Key words: Leptospirosis, serology, Atlantico, Colombia.

20 citations


01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this article, a new and revolutionary marketing approach named ethnomarketing is proposed, in which culture is assumed to conduct and guide the entrepreneurial success, main thnarketing characteristics are presented.
Abstract: In this paper a new and revolutionary marketing approach named ethnomarketing is proposed. Reaffirming marketing con textual character in which culture is assumed to conduct and guide the entrepreneurial success, main thnomarketing characteristics are presented. First, ethnomarketing principal features are described, emphasizing its four epistemological foundations: ethnicity, ethnoconsumerism, cultural dimensions of markets, and marketed oriented organizational culture. Second, postulates of ethnomarketing are mentioned. Third, ethnomarketing strategic matrix elements are shown, highlighting the three marketing functions to be fulfilled: to comprehend consumers, to conquer customers, and conserve clients. Fourth, ethnomarketing and organization relationships are formulated. Fifth, ethnomarketingand ethnography?s mutual influences are explicained. Sixth, the main strengths of ethnomaketing are presented. Finally, some ethnomarketing research implications are suggested

20 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Resumen es: Objetivos Se determinaron factores de riesgo, conocimientos, actitudes, y practicas para contraer VIH/SIDA, en adolescentes de bachillerato de Barranquil.
Abstract: Resumen es: Objetivos Se determinaron factores de riesgo, conocimientos, actitudes, y practicas para contraer VIH/SIDA, en adolescentes de bachillerato de Barranquil...

18 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
16 May 2005
TL;DR: This paper proposes an algorithm that takes advantage of the MPLS label stack features in order to reduce the number of labels used in LSPs, and shows that the described algorithm achieves a great reduction factor in the label space.
Abstract: The objective of traffic engineering is to optimize network resource utilization. Although several works have been published about minimizing network resource utilization, few works have focused on LSR (label switched router) label space. This paper proposes an algorithm that takes advantage of the MPLS label stack features in order to reduce the number of labels used in LSPs. Some tunnelling methods and their MPLS implementation drawbacks are also discussed. The described algorithm sets up NHLFE (next hop label forwarding entry) tables in each LSR, creating asymmetric tunnels when possible. Experimental results show that the described algorithm achieves a great reduction factor in the label space. The presented works apply for both types of connections: P2MP (point-to-multipoint) and P2P (point-to-point).

15 Dec 2005
TL;DR: To determine risk factors associated to cigarrette consumption in adults from Barranquillas southwest, people identified from the database of the «Chronic and non contagious diseases from Bar Branquilla southwest» study are identified.
Abstract: Aim: To determine risk factors associated to cigarrette consumption in adults from Barranquillas southwest. Methods: Analytic survey (145 cases and 290 controls). People identified from the database of the «Chronic and non contagious diseases from Barranquillas southwest» study. The tabulation was performed on epiinfo 6.04, with outputs to microsft word and microsoft Excel.

15 Jun 2005
TL;DR: Aunque el disno de la regulación de la sistema de salud con competencia regulada is adecuado, existen vacios de coordinacion and de vigilancia del cumplimiento de las normas as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Colombia adopto un sistema de salud con competencia regulada, en el que interactuan varios mercados: de seguros, servicios medicos, hospitalizacion y medicamentos. En la regulacion interviene un organismo colegiado y dos dependencias centrales del ejecutivo. Aunque, en general, el diseno de la regulacion es adecuado, existen vacios de coordinacion y de vigilancia del cumplimiento de las normas. Ademas, hay problemas criticos por falta de planeacion estrategica o de largo plazo y por deficiencias inherentes a la estructura y funcionamiento del organismo colegiado, que ponen en duda su autonomia y la busqueda del bien comun en la toma de decisiones.

Journal Article
TL;DR: This paper present a producto analitico d confrontacion e integracion, respecto a los procesos de investigación con las familias de dichos menores in la ciudad de Barranquilla, Colombia.
Abstract: Este trabajo presenta una elaboracion analitica de la dinamica de las familias de los menores que en su vida cotidiana vivencian problemas psicosociales, tales como la explotacion sexual y la delincuencia. El resultado es un producto analitico d confrontacion e integracion, respecto a los procesos de investigacion con las familias de dichos menores en la ciudad de Barranquilla, Colombia. Para contextualizar el objeto de estudio, se hace mencion especial a la estructura familiar que, como marco de referencia, permite la comprension de como se organizan las familias, cuales son los papeles que desempenan sus miembros, como se estructuran sus jerarquias, como definen sus limites y como conciben el manejo de su crecimiento tanto individual como familiar. Se senala como caracteristica de estas familias su conformacion monoparental y, al tiempo, numerosa; es decir, que se encuentran estructuradas sobre la base de la existencia de una sola figura parental, asumida por un adulto o, en ocasiones, por un menor que cumple sus funciones y, ademas, estas familias estan conformadas por un grupo relativamente grande de individuos que incluye figuras tales como abuelos y abuelas, padres y madres, hijos, nietas y personas acogidas. Asi, el sistema familiar es marcado por la descomposicion y la desintegracion que no facilitan el establecimiento de patrones de comunicacion, de normas, de limites y de lazos afectivos adecuados. Esta forma de organizacion de la institucion familiar obstaculiza la reconfiguracion de las herramientas necesarias para que cualquier ser humano logre un desarrollo integral.

Posted Content
TL;DR: The main differences between New Institutional Economics, NIE, and OIE are discussed in this paper, and some of the proposals that call for the gap between the two approaches to be bridge are questioned.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present the main differences between New Institutional Economics, NIE, and Original Institutional Economics, OIE, and to question some of the proposals that call for the gap between the two approaches to be bridge. This does not preclude the possibilities of a dialogue. Without ignoring some important theoretical developments in North's work, the author claims that NIE is a school that operates in the periphery of the neoclassical economics paradigm, and shares its ontological and methodological foundations; however these are very different from the evolutionary (Darwinian) economics of Thorstein Veblen. Though the task of integrating the OIE and NIE seems impossible following the road of eclecticism, a dialogue between them could open new perspectives and enrich institutional economics.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an interpretative possibility of understanding the experience of being anxious is offered, before looking for an abstract and theoretical explanation about it, and the results and conclusions of a single case study are presented.
Abstract: In this article, an interpretative possibility of understanding the experience of being anxious is offered, before looking for an abstract and theoretical explanation about it. In this sense, this article reflects on the hermeneutic ground from which is interpreted the experience of being anxious, as well as on a first attempt to integrate the Amedeo Giorgi's procedure, employed to analyze data, in an hermeneutic perspective. The article then offers the results and conclusions of a single case study. The article emphasizes the importance of clarifying that in order to understand the way people live and confront the experience of being anxious, we have to be capable of grasping the meaning of this experience for the person who is experiencing it, from both the researcher's clarification of her/his own reactions and prejudices and the coresearcher's existential structure and experiential perspective. In this way, the article considers the hermeneutic idea related to understanding another person's experience...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a reflexion teorica sobre la experiencia de ansiedad, basada en los resultados de una investigación cualitativa de corte fenomenologico sobre el tema en cuestion and en los planteamientos teoricos de la perspectiva feniologica existencial en psicologia, is ofrece una alternativa of entendimiento que enfatiza y apunta a la necesidad de comprender the experiencia of ans

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging to identify different growth sectors of ZnO crystals, including green, orange, and red, depending on the growth sector.

15 Dec 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the factores asociados a mal control metabolico in pacientes diabeticos tipo 2 de the UBA Manga de COOMEVA EPS of Cartagena, entre mayo and octubre del 2005, were established.
Abstract: Objetivo: Establecer los factores asociados a mal control metabolico en pacientes diabeticos tipo 2 de la UBA Manga de COOMEVA EPS de Cartagena, entre mayo y octubre del 2005. Metodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con analisis de casos y controles. Fuente de informacion secundaria. Se estudiaron 157 historias clinicas y tarjetas familiares de pacientes diabeticos tipo 2. Se establecio el grado de control metabolico mediante la HBA1C. Se caracterizo la poblacion por variables socio-demograficas y por la relacion entre el control metabolico y los factores de riesgo en estudio. Resultados: El 83.41% de los pacientes son mayores de 50 anos, con una media de 62.7 anos. El 63.1% curso educacion secundaria; el 51.6% esta en sobrepeso (promedio de IMC: 27.4); el 69.4% es hipertenso y el 66.2%, mostro disfuncion familiar leve (APGAR 14-17). Tienen un mal control metabolico el 62.4% de la poblacion estudiada. Se encontro tendencia a la asociacion entre el mal control metabolico y la disfuncionalidad leve (Apgar Familiar 14-17), y se obtuvo un OR de 3.3 (IC 95% 1.24-8.83) para los que tenian disfuncionalidad y mal control y un valor de la probabilidad del Chi-cuadrado de 0.0175. Conclusiones: El 62. 4% de la poblacion estudiada tiene mal control metabolico, predominando en ellos el ser mayores de 60 anos, del sexo femenino; educacion secundaria; nivel socioeconomico medio, que seguian tratamientos combinados. El factor de riesgo que mostro tendencia a la asociacion fue la disfuncion familiar

Proceedings ArticleDOI
10 Oct 2005
TL;DR: The problem of packet ordering in multipath - multicast MPLS networks is addressed, the impact of the hashing function to effectively partition the traffic to implement the flow splitting values issued from an optimized model is studied and the traffic allocation to the LSPs of the network and the mis-ordering problem at the egress node is analyzed using buffer schemes.
Abstract: Load Balancing is a key mechanism in traffic engineering. One interesting strategy for load balancing enhancement is the multipath approach, in which data is transmitted through different paths. The use of effective hashing functions for load balancing optimizes the network utilization and reduces packet disordering and imbalance. This paper address the problem of packet ordering in multipath - multicast MPLS networks, studies the impact of the hashing function to effectively partition the traffic to implement the flow splitting values issued from an optimized model and analyzes the traffic allocation to the LSPs of the network and the mis-ordering problem at the egress node using buffer schemes. The buffer allocation levels are calculated according to end-to-end delays. Finally, the paper presents some experimental results from an optimized network.

01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this article, a nueva tecnica de gestion de la calidad que ha incursionado fuertemente in Norteamerica and Europa, with the goal of detecting cero defectos in the procesos de produccion y servicio de las organizaciones empleando herramientas avanzadas de estadisticas, liderazgo de grupo.
Abstract: Seis sigmas es una nueva tecnica de gestion de la calidad que ha incursionado fuertemente en Norteamerica y Europa, cuya finalidad es alcanzar cero defectos en los procesos de produccion y servicio de las organizaciones empleando herramientas avanzadas de estadisticas y liderazgo de grupo. En este articulo se evaluaran sus nuevos metodos, antes de que se ponga de moda en el pais, con el objetivo de tomar las precauciones debidas para su exitosa aplicacion. Y analizaran las fortalezas y debilidades que presenta. Se explora la ventaja competitiva que las empresas alcanzarian con una correcta implantacion de esta herramienta y las dificultades que suelen encontrar las empresas. Igualmente, se hara una comparacion con la anterior practica de calidad, la gestion de calidad total

01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this article, an analisis de la eficiencia relativa del sector bancario colombiano mediante la aplicación del Analisis Envolvente de Datos (dea) en el periodo 1993-2003, presenta una propuesta estrategica a nivel macro and micro that le permita al sector mejorar sus niveles de productividad, disminuir su vulnerabilidad a las crisis del sector economico, asumir el l
Abstract: Este articulo muestra un analisis de la eficiencia relativa del sector bancario colombiano mediante la aplicacion del Analisis Envolvente de Datos (dea) en el periodo 1993-2003 y presenta una propuesta estrategica a nivel macro y micro que le permita al sector mejorar sus niveles de productividad, disminuir su vulnerabilidad a las crisis del sector economico, asumir el liderazgo que le corresponde a nivel empresarial y, por ultimo, prepararse para enfrentar los retos de los acuerdos internacionales. Este articulo analiza el comportamiento de los bancos en la decada anterior y en el inicio de la actual con miras a encontrar explicaciones sobre el comportamiento actual de estas entidades.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of the Epiquatre software allowed us to establish regression curves for different morphometric parameters that can permit the detection of changes in their values under different pathological or experimental conditions.
Abstract: Aim: To establish a rat and mouse epididymal map based on the use of the Epiquatre automatic software for histologic image analysis. Methods: Epididymides from five adult rats and five adult mice were fixed in alcoholic Bouin’s fixative and embedded in paraffin. Serial longitudinal sections through the medial aspect of the organ were cut at 10 µm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. As determined from major connective tissue septa, nine subdivisions of the rat epididymis and seven for the mouse were determined, consisting of five sub-regions in the caput (rat and mouse), one (mouse) or three (rat) in the corpus and one in the cauda (rat and mouse). Using the Epiquatre software, several tubular, luminal and epithelial morphometric parameters were evaluated. Results: Statistical comparison of the quantitative parameters revealed regional differences (2–5 in the rat, 3–6 in the mouse, dependent on parameters) with caput regions 1 and 2 being largely distinguishable from the similar remaining caput and corpus, which were in turn recognizable from the cauda regions in both species. Conclusion: The use of the Epiquatre software allowed us to establish regression curves for different morphometric parameters that can permit the detection of changes in their values under different pathological or experimental conditions. (Asian J Androl 2005 Sep; 7: 267–275)

Journal Article
TL;DR: The way the body is perceived indicates, as well as the way the power is conceived in a society as mentioned in this paper, and an analysis of each period in the West (Antiquity, Middle Age, Renaissance, Contemporary Time), proposed from a hermeneutical perspective, that is based on the denotative and connotative meanings of the word body throughout history, suggests this hypothesis, which is sustained, in addition, with an explanatory analysis of works of art conceived in each of the periods already indicated.
Abstract: La forma como se percibe el cuerpo indica, a su vez, la forma como se concibe el poder en una sociedad. Un analisis de cada una de las epocas de Occidente (Antiguedad, Edad Media, Renacimiento, Epoca Contemporanea), propuesto desde una perspectiva hermeneutica, que se basa en las acepciones denotativas y connotativas (metaforicas) de la palabra cuerpo a lo largo de la historia, sugiere esta hipotesis, la cual se sustenta, ademas, con un analisis explicativo de obras de arte concebidas en cada uno de los periodos ya senalados. ABSTRACT The way the body is perceived indicates, as well, the way the power is conceived in a society. An analysis of each period in the West (Antiquity, Middle Age, Renaissance, Contemporary Time), proposed from a hermeneutical perspective, that is based on the denotative and connotative meanings (metaphorical) of the word body throughout history, suggests this hypothesis, which is sustained, in addition, with an explanatory analysis of works of art conceived in each of the periods already indicated.

01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this article, a trabajo de investigación intenta determinar la existencia del contagio financiero in una muestra de paises emergentes latinoamericanos during a crisis financiera recientes.
Abstract: Este trabajo de investigacion intenta determinar la existencia del contagio financiero en una muestra de paises emergentes latinoamericanos durante las crisis financieras recientes. Para ello se estudia el comportamiento de los spreads de los bonos soberanos medidos a partir del indice Emerging Markets Bond Index Plus (embi+) elaborado por JP Morgan. Igualmente se estudia el comportamiento de los retornos de los indices bursatiles a partir del indice Morgan Stanley Capital International (msci) y las correlaciones entre dichos paises y el comportamiento de los flujos de capital hacia estos mercados y los comovimientos entre los retornos de los mismos. En los resultados se puede mencionar que la evidencia de los efectos de contagio es debil, y aunque las correlaciones de variacion temporal son dificiles de reconciliar con los factores financieros y reales, esto no permite concluir que haya existido contagio entre estos paises durante los periodos de crisis analizados. Podria pensarse que lo que ha sido denominado ?contagio financiero? podria, mas bien, atribuirse a los errores en la politica financiera domestica, que simplemente ha sido copiada a traves de los paises afectados en respuesta a los choques economicos comunes y que han afectado a paises con caracteristicas similares

01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: The results of a study conducted by as mentioned in this paper reveal that the percepciones de los ninos sobre their ciudad estan fuertemente diferentiadas by el estrato socioeconomico al que pertenecen.
Abstract: Este articulo presenta el resultado parcial de un proyecto de investigacion que exploro los imaginarios de ciudad y ciudadania de ninos y ninas de la ciudad de Barranquilla en Colombia. Para la realizacion de este estudio se llevo a cabo una indagacion cualitativa con grupos de ninos escolarizados entre los 9 y 11 anos de edad, pertenecientes a los sectores de estratos bajo, medio y alto de la ciudad. Los datos recogidos a traves de la tecnica proyectiva del mapa mental, de grupos de discusion y del registro en notas de campo demostraron que las percepciones de los ninos sobre su ciudad estan fuertemente diferenciadas por el estrato socioeconomico al que pertenecen. Sin embargo el miedo y el rechazo a la violencia son sentimientos compartidos por los ninos de todos los estratos, al igual que la fascinacion por los centros comerciales. Estos imaginarios sobre la ciudad tienen implicaciones profundas sobre sus formas de actuacion como ciudadanos, pues la ciudad es por excelencia el espacio de la ciudadania. En tal sentido, la identificacion del espacio publico limitada a los espacios de consumo, la precaria valoracion de los espacios como la calle y el parque y los miedos de actuar en el espacio publico se constituyen en limitantes para el ejercicio de la ciudadania.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, aplicación de un cuestionario de reconocimiento, que permitio conocer los conflictos de los pobladores del barrio La Paz de Barranquilla (Colombia), and proporciono información for elaborar un mapa conceptual.
Abstract: Este estudio cualitativo tuvo como objetivo describir los imaginarios sociales sobre el conflicto social y las formas como lo solucionan los pobladores del barrio La Paz de Barranquilla (Colombia). La escogencia de la poblacion fue aleatoria, se trabajo con adultos de sexo masculino y femenino teniendo como unica exigencia residir actualmente en el barrio. Se partio de la aplicacion de un cuestionario de reconocimiento, que permitio conocer los conflictos de los pobladores del barrio y proporciono informacion para elaborar un mapa conceptual; en una segunda fase se aplicaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a poblacion indeterminada; en estas entrevistas se validaron los datos obtenidos del cuestionario de reconocimiento y se analizo la informacion a partir de la tecnica de «analisis del discurso»; finalmente se convocaron dos grupos focales, a traves de los cuales se validaron los datos de los primeros dos instrumentos aplicados y se ampliaron las descripciones sobre los imaginarios auscultados

01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, el relativismo como filosofia de aproximacion al estudio de los fenomenos sociales es pertinente e igualmente riguroso.
Abstract: Por decadas, el positivismo ha dominado el ambiente academico e investigativo. Este articulo pretende manifestar, compartiendo elementos de una experiencia investigativa especifica (sobre comportamiento del consumidor en este caso), que el relativismo como filosofia de aproximacion al estudio de los fenomenos sociales es pertinente e igualmente riguroso. Se abordan las escuelas de pensamiento antropologico y sociologico que dan sustento teorico-metodologico a este trabajo investigativo. Se explica la etnografia, metodo clasico de investigacion antropologica y sus principales tecnicas como medio de recoleccion de informacion. Tambien se muestra, paso a paso, el proceso efectuado para el tratamiento de la informacion, bajo la metodologia prodin de analisis cualitativo

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify the main compensatory and non-compensatory factors influencing the purchase of concentrated broth in consumers of the city of Barranquilla, Colombia.
Abstract: The aim of this research was to identify the main compensatory and non-compensatory factors influencing the purchase of concentrated broth in consumers of the city of Barranquilla. This research compiles the data obtained through 300 interviews applied to consumers of concentrated broth, who do their shopping in 41 supermarkets and 8.000 general stores distributed along the city. The study demonstrated that brand and the flavor are the most important factors in buying concentrated broth. Additionally, customers usually buy the product that they previously have chosen, remaining loyal to their favorite brand. This corroborates that non-compensatory factors such as memory, experience and tradition are determinant when choosing a product.

01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: The Modelo Asociativo de Gestion Exportadora (mage) as mentioned in this paper is a modelo associativo of gestion exportadora for the export sector of the departamento del Atlantico.
Abstract: El objetivo fundamental de esta investigacion fue identificar los factores claves que les han permito a las Pymes del sector de la confeccion del departamento del Atlantico ser exitosas en su gestion exportadora de 1999-2003, caracterizandolas y diagnosticandolas por los diferentes ambitos empresariales, presentando un plan de mejoramiento con sus respectivas estrategias, a fin de proponer un Modelo Asociativo de Gestion Exportadora ?mage? que sirva de referente a las empresas de este sector para ser mas productivos y competitivos en los mercados externos, con estandares internacionales