Showing papers by "Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso published in 1998"

The side-effects of pesticides on the egg parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal (Hym., Trichogrammatidae), acute dose-response and persistence tests

Abstract: The side-effects of 21 pesticides were tested on the Hymenoptera egg parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae, using four different types of laboratory methods. The methods combined: (a) adult parasitoid exposure to fresh pesticide residue on glass plates – initial toxicity worse case to select harmless preparations, (b) direct spray of host eggs enclosing the parasitoid pupae (less susceptible life stage), (c) duration of harmful activity (persistence) on adults – select preparations that are less persistent and (d) dose-response exposures LD50 – to assess the risk margin. The results showed that the preparations (used at the highest recommended dose) greatly differed in their initial toxicity as well as in their persistence. The fungicide Topsin M® (thiophanat-methyl) and the herbicides Pyramin® (chloridazon), Butisan® S (metazachlor) and Banvel® 70 WG (dicamba) were harmless to T. cacoeciae. The insecticides Match® (lufenuron) and Admiral® (pyriproxifen), the fungicides Bavistin® (carbendazim), Aliette® (fosetyl) and Captan® 83 W (captan) as well as the herbicides Duplosan® 600 KV (mecoprop-p) and Focus® (cycloxydim) were slightly harmful. The fungicide Scala® (pyrimethanil) was moderately harmful. Telmion® (rape oil), Vertimec® (abamectin) and Scala were harmful in the initial toxicity test but only slightly persistent. These less persistent preparations are likely to have less impact on the natural enemy in the field. In the persistence test, Zolone Flow® (phosalon), Polo® (difenthiuron), Euparen® M (tolylfluanid), Dithane® M 45 (mancozeb), Kumulus® (sulphur) constantly reduced parasitism by between 90 and 100% and were rated as persistent. The direct spray of parasitized host eggs showed that Zolone Flow, Polo, Eupareum M, Dithane M 45, Scala and Touchdown® were harmless to the parasitoid pupae within the egg, that Telmion, Thiram® 80 WG and Kumulus were slightly harmful and Vertimec was moderately harmful. The dose-response test indicated a risk quotient (dose in g or ml product per ha/LD50 value) of spray drift for off-field parasitoids for the chemicals in the order of increasing risk as follows: Polo (1.33) followed by Thiram (3.62), Touchdown (7.54), Scala (10.39), Dithane M 45 (13.94), Telmion (27.04) and Zolone Flow (39.34).

Snakes from the urban area of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso: ecological aspects and associated snakebites

Abstract: Sao apresentadas informacoes sobre as serpentes da area urbana do Municipio de Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, potencialmente causadoras de acidentes ofidicos. As informacoes estao baseadas em exemplares doados por populares ao Nucleo de Ofiologia Regional de Mato Grosso (Normat) entre 1986 e 1993 e em registros efetuados pelo Centro de Informacoes Anti-Veneno (Ciave) entre 1988 e 1993, que nao fazem referencia ao animal causador. Foram catalogadas 37 especies de serpentes, em 25 generos e 3 familias, com habitos predominantemente diurnos, terrestres e com dietas baseadas em anfibios e/ou lagartos. Dentre os 307 acidentes ofidicos registrados, 56% foram causados por serpentes sem interesse medico e 44% constituiram acidentes de importância medica. Cerca de 99% dos acidentes de importância medica foram atribuidos ao genero Bothrops (Bothrops moojeni e Bothrops neuwiedi seriam as principais causadoras). Dentre as especies sem interesse medico, Philodryas olfersii e Waglerophis merremii provavelmente foram as principais responsaveis pela maior parte dos acidentes.

Experimental evaluation of stem bark of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville for antiinflammatory activity

Abstract: The acetone soluble fraction from the crude extract of Stryphnodendron adstringens stem bark was evaluated in acute and chronic models of inflammation. It was found to cause significant inhibition of rat paw oedema induced by carrageenan and dextran; the exudate volume and migration of leukocyte number in the rat pleurisy test and also in the hind paw swelling in rats on Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis. In addition, it significantly decreased the vascular permeability increase caused by intraperitoneal acetic acid in mice. These findings support the traditional use of S. adstringens bark extracts in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

O perfil epidemiológico do uso de drogas entre estudantes de 1º e 2º graus da rede estadual de ensino de Cuiabá, Brasil, 1995

Abstract: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 1,061 students to determine the epidemiological profile of drug abuse among elementary and high school students in the State public school system in Greater Metropolitan Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil, in 1995. Results showed drug abuse among both male and female students (27.2% and 24.1%, respectively). Drug abuse was more common in students over 18 years of age (27.1%), with grade/age discrepancies (70.7%), with higher classroom absenteeism (44.6%), and with higher social economic levels (A + B = 34.5%). The most frequently abused drugs among male students were alcohol (81.8%), solvents (18.6%), and marijuana (6.0%). Early alcohol abuse was also common (12.1 ±3.6 years). In addition to alcohol (78.6%) and tobacco (29.0%), the substances most commonly consumed by students were solvents (14.9%), anxiolytics (6.0%), and amphetamines (4.8%). The 1995 epidemiological profile of drug abuse among elementary and high school students in the State public school system in Cuiaba was similar data from nationwide surveys conducted in 1987, 1989, and 1993.

Functional morphology of gills and respiratory area of two active rheophilic fish species, Plagioscion squamosissimus and Prochilodus scrofa

Abstract: Measurements of gill dimensions were carried out on two ecologically distinct active rheophilic teleost species, the curvina Plagioscion squamosissimus and the curimbataProchilodus scrofa, and were analysed in relation to body mass according to the equation Y=aWb. The gill respiratory areas of P. squamosissimus and P. scrofa were large as expected for active fish and increased with increasing body mass (b=0.70 and 0.72, respectively) showing no significant difference between them. However, the large respiratory area of both species was realized in a different way revealing an adaptation to the plasticity of head components related to feeding habits. Consequently, significant differences were found between the number and average length of gill filaments and the bilateral area of secondary lamellae. The respiratory area of P. scrofa was due mainly to larger bilateral surface area of the secondary lamellae and its growth coefficient (b=0.51) that was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that found for P. squamosissimus (b= 0.36). The frequency of secondary lamellae mm−1 of filament was similar in both species (22 ± 2 on one side of gill filament). The dimensions of gill components and the respiratory area of these species suggest a complex interaction between head form, and feeding habits related to the functional morphology of the gills to meet the oxygen requirements of each species.

Distribuição dos estabelecimentos de saúde no Brasil: para qual modelo caminhamos?*

Abstract: Brazilian municipalities have been fundamental for the feasibility of the National Health System (SUS). This paper raises, in the last 170 years, the most important constitutional aspects of the municipalities' roles in relation to health and as part of the State. The 1984-92 period is detailed through the analysis of the distribution trend of Brazilian health facilities. In this period, the municipal districts have invested massively in all kind of health facilities, being responsible, in 1992, for 61,6% of the health stations and for 74,8% of the health centers. The federal and state governments gradually decrease their participation on health facilities, while the private sector maintains the majority of the outpatient clinics and hospitals, reordering its participation in the hospital sector. The distribution dynamics of the health facilities has, over the time, several and distinct political and conjuncture determinants, the knowledge of which is indispensable for choosing better strategies and mechanisms to make the SUS more effective.

The occurrence of aerial respiration in Rhinelepis strigosa during progressive hypoxia

Abstract: Rhinelepis strigosa did not surface for air breathing in normoxic or moderate hypoxic water. This species initiated air breathing when the Pio2 in the water reached 22 ± 1 mmHg. Once begun, the air-breathing frequency increased with decreasing Pio2. Aquatic oxygen consumption was 21·0 ± 1·9ml O2 kg−1h−1 in normoxic water, and was almost constant during progressive hypoxia until the Pio2 reached 23·9 mmHg, considered the critical oxygen tension (Pco2). Gill ventilation increased until close to the Pco2 (7·9-fold) as a consequence of a greater increase in ventilatory volume than in breathing frequency. Gill oxygen extraction was 42 ± 5% and decreased with hypoxia, but under severe hypoxia returned to values characteristic of normoxic. The critical threshold for air breathing was coincident with the Pco2 during aquatic respiration. This suggests that the air-breathing response is evoked by the aquatic oxygen tension at which the respiratory mechanisms fail to compensate for environmental hypoxia, and the gill O2 uptake becomes insufficient to meet O2 requirements.

Placental Transfer of IgG and IgG Subclass Antibodies Anti‐Purified Escherichia coli LPS O16, O6 and O111

Abstract: We evaluated 22 paired maternal and cord sera regarding the presence of IgG and IgG subclasses against purified Escherichia coli LPS O6, O16 and O111 employing ELISA for titre and avidity analysis, isoelectric focusing associated with affinity-blotting for spectrotypic analysis, and the Western-blotting technique for recognition of the various bands in lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Levels of anti-LPS IgG antibodies in cord sera were equivalent to their respective maternal sera, showing a significant correlation (P 0.1). The levels of IgG3 and IgG4 were undetectable. The avidity of anti-O6 and anti-O111 IgG in 10 cord sera showed an extremely significant correlation with maternal antibody avidity (P < 0.0001). Identical patterns of recognition were found in the paired samples analysed by Western blotting. Most of the serum samples recognized the O-repetitive chains and also the region corresponding to core and lipid A. Although the antibody spectrotypes varied among individuals, paired cord and maternal serum samples showed identical patterns. Our findings suggest the occurrence of placental transfer of IgG antibodies against LPS O6, O16 and O111, mainly involving the IgG1 or IgG2 subclasses.

Outbreak of hepatitis B virus in recent arrivals to the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract: An outbreak of acute hepatitis cases in a small community took place 6 months after the community's arrival to the Brazilian Amazon. An epidemiological investigation was performed and included residents aged more than two years. Study subjects were interviewed and bled to test for hepatitis markers by enzyme immunoassays. Around 80% of the village population was surveyed. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers was 75.1% (281/374). The surface antigen of HBV (HBsAg) and the IgM class antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) were present in 10.4% and 9.6%, respectively. Evidence of HBV-HDV (Delta virus) coinfection or hepatitis C infection was not found. IgM class antibody against hepatitis A virus was uncommon (3.7%). Follow-up evaluation 6 and 12 months later were carried out to identify new HBV infections. An incidence rate of 7.2 new infections per 100 exposed subjects per month was found. Average individual risk for HBV infection among susceptible inhabitants of the village between June 1995 and June 1996 can be estimated at 57.6%. The predominant HB-sAg subtype found (ayw3) suggests that immigrants may have carried HBV from the original area. Time living in the study region was significantly associated with HBV markers in analysis for linear trend and logistic regression analysis. Environmentally related factors may have facilitated HBV transmission.

Hepatitis B virus infection in immigrants to the southern Brazilian Amazon

Abstract: To identify epidemiological patterns and risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the southern Brazilian Amazon, a survey was performed in the county of Terra Nova do Norte in the northern part of the state of Mato Grosso. The population consists mainly of immigrants from the southern part of Brazil, where HBV prevalence is low. A random sample (n = 783) of the population was interviewed and tested for HBV markers. The overall prevalence of HBV infection was 54.7%. There were 31 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers (3.9%), with a low rate of HBV e antigen positivity, and none with anti-hepatitis D virus. Subtypes ayw3 and ayw2 of HBsAg were predominant, suggesting that the immigrants carried HBV from their original region to the Amazon. Clustering of HBV infection within families was found. The association between HBV markers and having lived in a gold-miners' camp, even after adjusting for confounders, indicated that the gold-miners may play a role in HBV spread in areas of the Amazon where gold prospecting occurs.

Flora ruderal da cidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil

Abstract: O estudo sobre a flora ruderal de cidades, atualmente, tem sido intensificado, tendo como objetivo primordial o conhecimento do seu potencial e as variacoes na sua utilizacao. A literatura, ate o momento, nao registrava nenhum trabalho sobre este aspecto, para a cidade de Cuiaba (Mato Grosso). Tendo em vista a alta ocorrencia de especies ruderais nesta cidade, realizou-se o presente estudo com o objetivo de catalogar a sua flora ruderal, bem como verificar os usos regionais das especies. As coletas foram realizadas cm duas areas: Campus da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso e o bairro Boa Esperanca. A triagem dos vegetais, bem como as identificacoes, foram realizadas no Laboratorio de Botânica do Instituto de Biociencias, desta Universidade. O levantamento botânico efetuado nas duas areas catalogou 109 especies e 81 generos, distribuidos por 35 familias. A familia Gramineae (=Poaceae) apresentou o maior numero de especies (14), seguida de Compositae (=Asteraceae 13). Leguminosae (=Fabaceae 11), Euphorbiaceae (10) e outras com menor numero. Entre as 109 especies catalogadas pode-se citar Panicum maximum Jacq. (capim-coloniao), Turnera itlmifolia L. (chanana). Cecropia peltata L. (embauva), Ipomoea acuminata Roem & Sch. (campainha), as quais sao utilizadas localmente como plantas forrageiras, ornamentais e medicinais.

Intoxicação experimental em coelhos por Mascagnia sp (Malpighiaceae) procedente do Estado de Santa Catarina

Abstract: Freshly dried and ground young leaves or sprouts and mature leaves of Mascagnia sp, a creeping shrub of the Malpighiaceae family from Santa Catarina, known to be toxic to cattle, were suspended in water and given by gastric tube to adult rabbits. The rabbits showed first symptoms of poisoning between 3 hours and 24h49min after the beginning of feeding. The course of poisoning varied from 1 to 4 minutes. Symptoms consisted of generally violent incoordinated movements, followed by animals falling on their side, with dyspnea, slowing respiratory movements, a few final shrieks and death. The post-mortem findings were only hepatic congestion and splenomegaly. The lobulation of the liver was distinct; sometimes the centres of the lobules were lighter in color. Histopathology revealed regressive and circulatory alterations in the liver, kidneys and spleen. The lethal dose of the plant was very variable. The experiments did not allow to conclude if origin, growth stage or time of harvest influence its toxicity. The ground plant, kept in well closed recipients at room temperature for a year, was shown to have lost variable amounts of toxicity.

Assistência pública à saúde: mulheres com a palavra

Abstract: O modo como mulheres pobres, que vivem em uma dada realidade, percebem as politicas institucionais do setor saude e colocam-se frente a elas e o objeto da reflexao apresentada a seguir. Utiliza-se como categoria de analise as representacoes sociais, compreendidas como parte das relacoes sociais contraditorias e da historia individual e, coletiva dos grupos. Discutem-se as iniquidades da atencao publica a saude, enfocando-se o modo particular com que os segmentos populares reafirmam e negam o saber e as praticas dominantes nesse campo. Apresenta-se um conjunto de conhecimentos e valores relativos a atencao a saude que reflete, ao mesmo tempo, um certa reproducao da normatividade veiculada pelo sistema medico "oficial" e a afirmacao de necessidades, experiencias e interesses proprios daqueles segmentos.

[Public health service: what women say].

Abstract: The way poor women, who live in a given reality, perceive institutional policies of the health sector and face them is the object of reflection presented in this study. As category of analysis, the authors make use of social representation, understood as share of the contradictory social relations and of the individual and collective history of the groups, Authors discuss the inequities in public health care, focusing the way popular segments reaffirm and deny dominant knowledge and practices. Their speech about in the health attention showed, at the same time, absorption/reproduction of the rules spread by "official" medical system and the incorporation/translation of their necessities, experiences and specifics interests.