Showing papers by "Université du Québec à Montréal published in 1983"

Generalized Travelling Salesman Problem Through n Sets Of Nodes: An Integer Programming Approach

Abstract: This paper deals with a generalized version of the Travelling Salesman Problem, which consists of finding the shortest Hamiltonian cycle through n sets of nodes. The problem is formulated as an integer linear program including degree constraints, subtour elimination constraints, and integrality constraints. A branch and bound algorithm is used for the solution of the problem; the main feature of the algorithm lies in the relaxation of the subtour elimination constraints. Computational results for Euclidean and non-Euclidean problems are reported.

A branch and bound algorithm for the capacitated vehicle routing problem

Abstract: This paper considers a version of the vehicle routing problem in which a non-negative weight is assigned to each city to be visited and where all vehicles are identical and have the same capacityD. The weight assigned to a vehicle on a given route may not exceed this capacity. The problem is formulated as an integer program: integrality is obtained by means of a branch and bound procedure; capacity constraints are first relaxed, and introduced only when they are found to be violated. Three variants of this basic algorithm are examined. Exact solutions are obtained for problems ranging from 15 to 50 cities. Diese Arbeit befaβt sich mit einer Variante des Fahrzeugroutenproblems, bei der jeder zu besuchenden Stadt ein nichtnegatives Gewicht zugeordnet ist und bei der alle Fahrzeuge gleich sind und die gleiche KapazitatD haben. Das Problem wird als ganzzahliges lineares Programm formuliert: Ganzzahligkeit wird uber ein Branch und Bound-Verfahren erreicht. Dabei werden die Kapazitatsbeschrankungen zunachst relaxiert und nur dann wieder einbezogen, wenn sie verletzt werden. Drei Varianten dieses Basisverfahrens werden untersucht. Exakte Losungen werden fur Probleme mit 15 bis 50 Stadten erhalten.

The role of roots in carbon uptake by the submersed macrophytes Myriophyllum spicatum, Vallisneria americana , and Heteranthera dubia

Abstract: The carbon uptake by the roots of three common submersed macrophytes, Myriophyllum spicatum, Heteranthera dubia and Vallisneria americana, was measured in situ under a range of pH and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations. After 4–8 weeks of growth in 14C labelled sediments, less than 1.5% of the total C found in the shoots originated from root uptake. Between species, significant differences in C uptake by the root were found and root development alone could explain most of the observed variance (84%). C uptake by the roots of aquatic macrophytes thus appears to be restricted to small, rosette-shaped plants growing in poorly mineralized waters.

A comparison between the effects of kegel's exercises and a combination of sexual awareness relaxation and breathing on situational orgasmic dysfunction in women

Abstract: Several authors suggest that women should use pubococcygeal muscle exercises to increase their probability of experiencing orgasm during sexual activities. However, few experimental studies support the efficacy of these exercises. In the present study a comparison was made between the effects of pubococcygeal exercises (PC group) and a combination of sexual awareness, relaxation and breathing (SARB group) on situational orgasmic dysfunction in women. No significant changes occur in orgasmic responsivity in these two groups. Significant differences were obtained in questionnaires and these differences were always in the direction of better scores in the SARB group.

Children's judgements of causality, responsibility and punishment in cases of harm due to omission

Abstract: This study investigated causal and moral reasoning in children 5, 7, 9, and 11 years old. The first of two experiments looked at judgements of causality, responsibility, and punishment as a function of necessary or non-necessary conditions. Children of all ages made use of necessity information in their causal attributions and, to a lesser extent, in their moral attributions. The second of the two experiments investigated excusing conditions in regard to the same three dependent variables. The mitigating factors of voluntariness and foreseeability were manipulated using the same stories (in necessary condition) from Expt 1. All children except the five-year-olds made consistent use of the voluntariness information in their causal and moral reasoning. This factor showed significantly increased usage with age. Foreseeability was used in a consistent manner only by seven-year-olds; children both younger and older tended to ignore this variable as a mitigating factor. The results of both experiments are discussed in comparison with analogous work done with college students.

Potential effect of Myriophyllum spicatum on the primary production of phytoplankton

Abstract: The effect of the presence of Myriophyllum spicatum on natural phytoplankton populations was evaluated in a semi-natural environment (limnocorral) and in laboratory assays. Phytoplankton primary production and physicochemical parameters were followed through a growing season in limnocorral containing M. spicatum and their epiphytic algae, other macrophytes, or plastic control macrophytes. In the laboratory, where nutrients, light, and grazing were controlled, natural assemblages of phytoplankton were grown in enriched water taken from aquaria with and without M. spicatum, and primary production was measured.

Assessing Managerial Skills Through a Behavioral Exam

Abstract: cognitive understanding of the behaviors that, when performed in the appropriate managerial context, lead to effective outcomes, and an ability to actually perform those behaviors in appropriate contexts. A familiar example is the distinction between learning the rules of effective speech-making and learning to give an effective speech&dquo; (Waters, 1980). Although skill development requires both kinds of learning, it is the emphasis on performance that distinguishes skilloriented courses from others in a management curriculum.

Verbes Supports Et Opérateurs Dans Les Constructions En A Voir à Un Ou Deux Compléments

Abstract: Many studies are available on the relationship between verbs and the substantives derived from them by nominalization. The concept of support-verb may lead to a redefinition of the notions of predicate and argument.This study is an extension of such an approach, where the substantives involved in certain avoir constructions are not morphologically related to a verb.The systematic description and classification of those substantives takes into account the types of complements they accept (especially locative) and their presence in other constructions, such as those with verb etre.

Influences stationnelles sur l'alteration chimique des sols derives de till (Sherbrooke, Que., Canada)

Abstract: In a small watershed of the canadian Appalachians, five trenches were studied in two catenas facing each other, one forested, the other under recent prairie vegetation (100 years of age), to investigate the character of chemical weathering in these sites. On the top of the forested catena there was a humo-ferric fragic podzol, and further down, and orthic gleysol. The other catena had a humo-ferric fragic podzol, then, downwards, a grey gleyified luvisol and a luvic fragic gleysol. Percolating waters near these trenches were sampled regularly, at various depth. The distribution of the ions on the meadow side indicated on one hand that H 4 SiO 4 , Na + and Mg 2+ in percolating waters are related to the total volume of soil through wich waters percolate, that the dissolution of aluminium is accelerated in acid sites (upslope) and that the solubility of iron reaches a maximum in the zone influenced by the water table. On the other hand, calcium, which is easily liberated in the high sections, is in part fixed when the solutions get concentrated, iron and aluminium are soon traped, silicium is less mobile than the basic cations. The constituants of primary minerals organize as follows: concentration of Al 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 upslope, when the contrary is for the basic oxydes and SiO 2 ; this trend stands out more clearly in the top 30 cm. Thus on top of the forested catena, chemical weathering is intense, the aluminium and iron oxydes are highly evacuated in this podzol. At the same altitude, in the prairie podzol, which probaly had 100 years ago a less acidifying vegetation (hardwoods) than in the first case, feldspars and micas are degraded and we find mostly transformed minerals (montmorillonite — Al). Minerals are very much less degraded downslope because of their confined position and the high ionic content of the percolating waters.

The Canadian Bourgeoisie: Towards a Synthetical Approach

Abstract: Socialist scholars disagree with one another on the principal characteristics of the Canadian capitalist class . This disagreement is based on a broader one namely onthe nature ofthe Canadian economy and its place in the international division of labour . The most important cleavage among Canadian socialists is the one between Nationalists and Internationalists . The Nationalist perspective took shape fifteen years ago, after the publication of the Watkins' Report ofthe Task Force on the Structure of Canadian Industries. In succeeding years socialist scholars developed, and adopted almost unanimously, a particular perspective on Canadian economy and society . Theoretically left wing Nationalism was nourished by Latin American dependency perspectives either reformist (of the R . Prebisch and C . Furtado variety) or Marxist (in the P . Baran, P . Sweezy or A.G . Frank tradition) . Politically these theories were influenced by the more respectable Nationalism of the Walter Gordon type, which emerged in Ottawa in the period between 1963-68. Left Nationalists emphasized the dependent character of the Canadian economy its technological underdevelopment, its heavy commercial links to the U .S . economy as a raw materials exporter and a capital goods importer, and the predominant role of foreign (mainly American) capital in the manufacturing and mining industries . Canadian Nationalists concluded that the Canadian bourgeoisie was mainly a comprador one, and that the indigenous capitalist class was either too small, narrow and powerless or a purely financial-commercial one, not interested in industry and fairly accommodating to its dependent status .' During the seventies, while a majority of Canadian socialist scholars adopted Nationalism, a small but increasing minority distanced themselves from this current of thought . I will call them the Internationalists . This group is more firmly entrenched in Marxism, espousing a theoretical approach close to some, Left Nationalists . Internationalists see the world capitalist economy thoroughly divided into an industrialized core and a dependent periphery, but they include Canada among advanced countries instead of dependent societies . They maintain that Canada is a very important foreign investor, with huge Canadian-owned multinationals, not only in banking and finance, but also in manufacturing and mining . They add that foreign control has been steadily falling since 1970, and that the analysis of the Canadian State (i .e . Canadian economic policy, Canadian Crown Corporations and regulatory agencies) show the major and increasing influence of the Canadian indigenous bourgeoisie? The

Les dix dernières années de la Revue d’histoire de l’Amérique française 1972-1981

Abstract: Citer cet article Coupal, J. (1983). Les dix dernières années de la Revue d’histoire de l’Amérique française 1972-1981. Revue d’histoire de l’Amérique française, 36(4), 553–567. https://doi.org/10.7202/304095ar Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. [https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/]

Modèles de dominance et théorie de lévolution

Abstract: Factors which contribute to the fact that an individual maintains a relationship of quality with its environment, and thus is well adjusted to it, are the same factors which favor its social dominance In a context in which resources are limited or can become scarce, dominance orders get established because it is to the interest of individuals to compete, and because there exist individual differences in competitive ability due to various degrees of individual adaptation Individuals which are less adapted learn to avoid futile confrontations with opponents which they assess as superior in adaptation to themselves in the light of acquired eco-socio-cognitive experiences Social organization of a given species is a compromise between living alone and not being able to profit from the important advantages of living in a group, and living in group of which the major disadvantage is to have to compete with others The biological value of social organization as a complex property emerging from sociosystems is that such an organization allows some individuals to reproduce more than others The dominance structure plays a role similar to a filter which retains only the best adapted, a role identical to that of natural selection Such a differential promotion of individuals which results from intrasexual rivalry furnishes the material to epigamic selection Females, having interest to be more selective when it comes to choose their reproductive partner, develop preferences for certain types of males which maximize their chances of reproduction This choice made by females is not necessarily the product of highly complex neurobiological activity but nonetheless it leads to the selection of dominant individuals, thus of those which are the best adapted within a given group

Transition et pensée économique dans l’histoire

Abstract: Citer cet article Dostaler, G. (1983). Transition et pensée économique dans l’histoire. Cahiers de recherche sociologique, 1, 19–35. https:// doi.org/10.7202/1001971ar Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. [https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/]

On some problems related to linear systems subject to squared white noises

Abstract: This paper deals with systems governed by the equations x¨t + a[xdot]t+bxt=gvt 2 and x¨t + (b + vt 2)xt = 0, where vt 2 is a squared gaussian process. Approximate solutions are obtained by modelling the white noise in the form of Fourier expansions, and then rigorous solutions are derived by letting the frequency discretization span tend to zero. These explicit expressions of xt afford the determination of the probability density function p(x) of xt via Monte Carlo techniques. Therefore the joint probability density function p(x, [xdot]) of xt and [xdot]t can be determined by using direct computations. The advantage of this approach compared with the one which utilizes the Fourier transform is twofold : first, it allows a direct utilization of numerical simulation techniques, and second, it is close to the dynamical nature of the process.

Reliability of Associative Response Diversity as a Characteristic of Stimulus Words

Abstract: -A statistic, Z , proposed by Zinger, is applied for measuring associative response diversiry. This statistic is shown to be more useful than a, a statistic previously recommended for that purpose. The values of 1/Z vary from zero to one and tend to a different asymptotic value for each stimulus, rather than converging to zero for infinite samples as they do for a. The variance V(Z) is known and diminishes with increasing sample size. This makes it possible to compare stimuli for any sample size at a given level of confidence. The performance of the Z indicator in empirical samples was , examined by running computer simulations sampling from the Queen's Universlty Association norms. The stability of Z across sample sizes was invescig~ted. Sample sites necessary for detecting differences between stimuli were pred~cted. The 100 Kent-Rosanoff stimuli were ranked according to their 1/Z values and grouped into 12 dusters.