University Institute of Technology, Burdwan University

About: University Institute of Technology, Burdwan University is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Photovoltaic system & Computer science. The organization has 1227 authors who have published 1361 publications receiving 16823 citations.

Comparison of the fermentability of enzymatic hydrolyzates of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by steam explosion using different impregnating agents.

Abstract: Sugarcane bagasse is a potential lignocellulosic feedstock for ethanol production, since it is cheap, readily available, and has a high carbohydrate content. In this work, bagasse was subjected to steam explosion pretreatment with different impregnation conditions. Three parallel pretreatments were carried out, one without any impregnation, a second with sulfur dioxide, and a third with sulfuric acid as the impregnating agent. The pretreatments were performed at 205 degrees C for 10 min. The pretreated material was then hydrolyzed using cellulolytic enzymes. The chemical composition of the hydrolyzates was analyzed. The highest yields of xylose (16.2 g/100 g dry bagasse), arabinose (1.5 g/100 g), and total sugar (52.9 g/100 g) were obtained in the hydrolysis of the SO2 -impregnated bagasse. The H2SO4 -impregnated bagasse gave the highest glucose yield (35.9 g/100 g) but the lowest total sugar yield (42.3 g/100 g) among the three methods. The low total sugar yield from the H2SO4-impregnated bagasse was largely due to by-product formation, as the dehydration of xylose to furfural. Sulfuric acid impregnation led to a three-fold increase in the concentration of the fermentation inhibitors furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and a two-fold increase in the concentration of inhibitory aliphatic acids (formic, acetic, and levulinic acids) compared to the other two pretreatment methods. The total content of phenolic compounds was not strongly affected by the different pretreatment methods, but the quantities of separate phenolic compounds were widely different in the hydrolyzate from the H2SO4-impregnated bagasse compared with the other two hydrolyzates. No major differences in the content of inhibitors were observed in the hydrolyzates obtained from SO2-impregnated and non-impregnated bagasse. The fermentability of all three hydrolyzates was tested with a xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with and without nutrient supplementation. The hydrolyzates of SO2-impregnated and nonimpregnated bagasse showed similar fermentability, whereas the hydrolyzate of H2SO4-impregnated bagasse fermented considerably poorer.

Technology Transfer as Technological Learning: A Source of Competitive Advantage for Firms with Limited R&D Resources

Abstract: The objective of this article is to answer why and how firms in developing countries with limited R&D resources can gain sustainable competitive advantage through technology transfer (TT). Successful firms are those that can accumulate competence through internal technological learning after transferring technologies from external technology sources. Organizational intelligence, firm specificity of technology, and causal ambiguity are identified as three mediators between technological learning performance and several antecedents previously discussed in the literature. A survey of Taiwanese manufacturers is conducted to explore the technological learning phenomenon as an integral part of TT, which is important but often neglected. This article also provides an interesting research setting for the evaluation of technological learning theories.

Central U.S. crust—Upper mantle structure from Love and Rayleigh wave phase velocity inversion

Abstract: Fundamental mode Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocities in the period range 5 to 80 seconds have been measured in the central U. S. Using the concept of constant partial derivatives of phase velocity with respect to layer parameters in a least-squares inversion scheme a structural model for the area was determined. Several parameters were constrained on the basis of other available data. It was not possible to fit satisfactorily both Rayleigh and Love data with a simple isotropic model. Conclusions require either anisotropy in the upper mantle or systematic errors in the phase velocity measurements.

An overview of hydrogen gas production from solar energy

Abstract: Hydrogen production plays a very important role in the development of hydrogen economy. Hydrogen gas production through solar energy which is abundant, clean and renewable is one of the promising hydrogen production approaches. This article overviews the available technologies for hydrogen generation using solar energy as main source. Photochemical, electrochemical and thermochemical processes for producing hydrogen with solar energy are analyzed from a technological environmental and economical point of view. It is concluded that developments of improved processes for hydrogen production via solar resource are likely to continue in order to reach competitive hydrogen production costs. Hybrid thermochemical processes where hydrocarbons are exclusively used as chemical reactants for the production of syngas and the concentrated solar radiation is used as a heat source represent one of the most promising alternatives: they combine conventional and renewable energy representing a proper transition towards a solar hydrogen economy.

Methotrexate: a detailed review on drug delivery and clinical aspects.

Abstract: Introduction: Uses of methotrexate (MTX) are well established for the treatment of various types of malignancy, psoriasis, rheumatological diseases and the medical termination of pregnancy. Formulation and targeting approaches for MTX with controlled release carriers, multiparticulate systems, prodrug and drug conjugates have been found to improve bioavailability, reduce adverse effects and maximize clinical efficacy, compared with conventional methods. Areas covered: This exhaustive literature survey on different electronic databases covers drug delivery and clinical trials on MTX. This review deals with the challenges and achievements of controlled release, multiparticulate, prodrug and drug conjugate systems of MTX. Expert opinion: Therapeutic drug monitoring of MTX is crucial to attain a good efficacy. In spite of the advantages of multiparticulate, prodrug and drug conjugates, clinical applications of such formulations of MTX are still under infancy. These drug delivery systems require the special at...