Showing papers by "University of Fallujah published in 2019"

Adverse childhood experiences and their relationship to gender and depression among young adults in Iraq: a cross-sectional study

Abstract: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are considered as universal public health problem that associate with mental disorders and risky behaviors during adulthood. The aims of the paper are to estimate the prevalence of Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among young adults in Iraq as well as to estimate the association between ACEs and depression. A convenience sample of young adults of 18–20 years was chosen from centre and west of Iraq, mainly from universities. The adverse childhood experiences were measured by Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire. A depression scale was derived from the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS). Statistical tests: chi square was used to measure the association between adverse childhood experiences and other variables like gender and depression. Odds ratios were computed to estimate the risk for depression. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The total number of participants was 401, 38.9% of the subjects were men, while 61.1% were women. The mean age of the participants was 18.88 ± 0.745. The results revealed that the most common forms of ACEs among the subjects were physical neglect (19.8%) and emotional neglect (19.2%) followed by physical abuse (17.21%) while sexual abuse was 7.52%. There was statistically significant association between most forms of adverse childhood experiences especially emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse and physical neglect with depression. ACEs are not uncommon among young adults in Iraq and are associated with depression in adulthood. National programmes to support mental health rehabilitation might be necessary to reduce the effect of ACEs among Iraqi people, especially for adolescents and young adults.

Study the Antifungal Activity of ZnS:Mn Nanoparticles Against Some Isolated Pathogenic Fungi

Abstract: An aqueous chemical reaction has been used to prepare antifungal ZnS: Mn nanostructures, from manganese chloride, zinc acetate and thioacetamide in aqueous solution. The nanoparticle size has been controlled using thioglycolic acid as a capping factor. The major feature of the ZnS:Mn nanoparticles of average diameter ~ 2.73 nm is that possible preparing the sample from sources non-toxic precursors. The manufactured ZnS:Mn nanoparticles were identified and characterized to investigate the structure, morphology, composition of components of the nanoparticles and optical properties using (XRD, SEM, EDS and UV-Vis spectroscopy) techniques respectively. The agar dilution mechanism used to evaluate of the antifungal activity using ZnS:Mn nanoparticles which showed an efficient antifungal activity against four fungal models Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus falvus, Trichophyton mentagrophyte, and Microsporum audonii the inhibition increase with the increase of nanoparticle concentration. The antifungal property of manganese doped zinc sulphide nanoparticles creates from the interaction between nanoparticles and water led to generation the interactive oxygen species. Perturbation of the cell membranes due to the existence of Zn ions and S affecting on inhibition rate. the study aimed to evaluation the Antifungal Activity of ZnS:Mn Nanoparticles Against Some Isolated Pathogenic Fungi.

Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Concentration in Synthesizing Zinc Selenide/Graphene Oxide Composite via Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Method.

Abstract: The effect of NaOH solution on the formation of nanoparticles has been the subject of ongoing debate in selenium-based material research. In this project, the robust correlation between the mechanistic growth of zinc selenide/graphene oxide (ZnSe/GO) composite and the concentration of NaOH are elucidated. The ZnSe/GO composite was synthesized via microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and the concentrations of NaOH are controlled at 2 M, 3 M, 4 M, 5 M and 6 M. The XRD spectra show that the crystal phases of the samples exhibited a 100% purity of ZnSe when the concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was set at 4 M. The further increase of NaOH concentration leads to the formation of impurities. This result reflects the essential role of hydroxyl ions in modifying the purity state of ZnSe/GO composite. The optical band gap energy of ZnSe/GO composite also decreased from 2.68 eV to 2.64 eV when the concentration of NaOH increased from 2 M to 4 M. Therefore, it can be concluded that the optimum concentration of NaOH used in synthesizing ZnSe/GO composite is 4 M. This project provides an alternative green method in the formation of a high purity ZnSe/GO composite.

Impacting of the E- Platforms on the 4.0th Industrial Educational Revolution

Abstract: Nowadays, the world witnesses a major revolution in the world of communications and information technology, where technology has been entered into all aspects of social, learning and military life in both phases: public and private. In this paper, the role of technology of the learning aspects and the electronic learning platforms have been taken as a clear model besides the duration of the impact of this technology on the development of the 4.0th industrial revolution. The paper is shown a short overview of the newest trends included in the Industry 4.0 initiative and their impact on education and propose a new trend in higher education environment, its Industrial University Revolution 4.0. The impact here means that it is the degree of compatibility between the components of the industrial revolution in terms of technology and the range of applied standards that harmonize with the principles of the electronic platforms. For instance, entering the artificial intelligence in e-learning, smart room, book, testing, and etc. The result of this study shows that the recent trends in e-learning and its own platforms show large harmony between the 4.0 industrial revolution and the outcomes of e-learning.

Soluble ruthenium(II) with 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid complexes

Abstract: New four water-soluble Ru(II) with 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid complexes were synthesized. The complexes have been characterized using different tools such as: elemental analysis, mass, infrared, UV–Vis spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, thermal analysis and theoretical calculations. The complexes are diamagnetic and the electronic spectral data showed the peaks due to low-spin octahedral Ru(II) complexes. The thermal studies of complexes were investigated by the thermogravimetric analysis. The derivative thermogravimetric analysis has been also used to describe the steps ranges for better precision. The data showed that all complexes have been decomposed in three steps, and the decomposition data are consistent with the proposed formulae of the complexes. The thermal stability of the complexes (1–4) is confirmed by their relatively high overall activation energy ranged (96–207 kJ mol−1). The optimized structures of complexes (1–4) indicate that the complexes have distorted octahedral geometries with bond angles around the ruthenium atom ranged 78.37°–99.08°. The negative values of the electronic energies (− 807 to − 1319 a.u.), the highest occupied molecular orbital energies (− 0.176 to − 0.215 a.u.) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies (− 0.094 to − 0.138 a.u.) of the complexes indicate the stability of the complexes. The complexes are polarized as indicated from dipole moment values (5.18–13.33 Debye). All complexes are water soluble, neutral, stable and non-hygroscopic. The complexes have noticeable cytotoxicity with IC50 (µM): 0.017–0.083 (MCF-7), 0.014–0.123 (HCT-116), 0.024–0.126 (PC-3) and 0.013–0.056 (HepG-2). New soluble Ru(II) complexes with 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid (DABA) ligand and different secondary ligands have been synthesized and characterized. The complexes are diamagnetic with distorted low-spin octahedral geometries. The thermal decomposition of complexes was studied and the thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. The IC50 values are in the range (0.013–0.089) μΜ.

Bioorganic investigation of encapsulated Cysteine derivative into polymeric nanocarrier

Abstract: In this work, the copolymer-based synthesized Cysteine-loaded nanocarriers prepared by a routine protocol, coprecipitation method. It is the first report to investigate the neuroprotective potential and biocompatibility of Cysteine derivatives loaded into poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(e−caprolactone) methyl ether (PEG-b-PCL). The average size of the polymeric/empty NCs was 89 nm and for polymeric/Synthesized derivative of Cysteine was 126 nm. The Drug Loading efficiency was 81%. The concentration of Polymeric NCs was 2.1 x 10 10 particles/ml and the zeta potential of polymeric/empty and polymeric/ Synthesized derivative of Cysteine NCs -5 mV and -11 mV respectively. Biological part of this work were investigated in the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line using cell viability and toxicity assays. The concentration of polymeric NCs below 1 x 10 10 particles/ml described as a zero-point damageable for the cell line. Also the Synthesized derivative of Cysteine encapsulated into polymeric NCs have more neuroprotective effect compared to free Cysteine at lower concentration, and therefore, have a significant neuroprotective potential against Z-VAD-fmk and St-evoked SH-SY5Y cell damage.

Effect of arginine and selenium with vitamin E in some biochemical properties of Inseminated ewes

Abstract: The study was conducted in one of the fields of the private sector within Basaaer the village of the district of Hit / Anbar at 180 km west of Baghdad, during the period from 17/4/2018 to 30/5/2018. 28 ewes with an age of 2-4 years with a weight of 40-50 kg with at least one birth. All ewes were tested using ultrasonography to ensure that they were free of pregnancy before the start of the experiment. Synchronization of estrus with intravaginal sponges was achieved in ewes, and inseminated with rams at the end of the hormonal program. The rams remained with the females for five days. The ewes were randomly divided into four equal groups (7 ewes in each group). The first group were injected with 160 micro mol / kg body weight and from the fifth day of the inseminated until day 20 of pregnancy The second group was treated by injecting selenium plus vitamin E with (2 ml/head α-Tocopheryl Acetate 68mg/ml Selenium 1.5mg/ml) intramuscular. The first dose was given on day 5 and the second one on day 19 of insemination the early at pregnancy. The third group were injected the arginine with the selenium plus vitamin E emulsion, The fourth group was injected with a physiological saline solution and considered as control group. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein prior to treatment on day 4 of the insemination as well as on days 10, 15, and 18, to measure the changes in the chemical properties at the early of pregnancy. The results of the study showed a significant difference (P≤0.05) between the treatments and control groups. The results showed a decrease in the concentration of urea and ALT enzyme as compared with the first group and control. The present study did not show a significant differences at early of pregnancy in the concentration of cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, and AST enzyme at the early of pregnancy for ewes. The results also showed a significant difference (P≤0.05) between the different withdrawal periods within the same treatment in the control and other groups the concentration of ALT enzyme, and total protein. It can be concluded from this study that the use of arginine and selenium with vitamin E improves maternal health by reducing the level of urea and ALT enzyme and maintaining pregnancy after insemination.

Evaluating of Tissue Germination and Growth Rate of ROI on Implants of Electron Scanning Microscopy Images

Abstract: The emerging field of in cancer pathology (computational pathology) using histological images of biopsies is a computer aided diagnosis. This paper devoted to computational methods for assessing the indicators of the process of tissue regeneration with the release of nickel-mesh reticulated titanium implants with shape memory. Accordingly, in order to design such computer-aided system that is able to measure the implants size and growth rate, this paper presents a computational toolkit. Moreover, this toolkit used to analyze the dynamics of the process and highlight the internal geometric features of the experimental images (segmentation algorithms and visualization of spatial data). The computational tools for preprocessing visual data is the important concept solution to increase the contrast and brightness of the analyzed images based on the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). Finally, the result of proposed technique shows that the increasing the accuracy of estimates for testing data through (15-20%).

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Five-membered Heterocycles and Their Activity Against Candida Yeasts

Abstract: Some new tetrazole derivatives were prepared by the reaction between the prepared azomethine compounds I 6 – I 10 with sodium azide in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) with a few drops of distilled water and under reflux conditions. Azomethine compounds were prepared by thermal condensation reactions of aromatic aldehydes with primary aromatic amines. The prepared compounds (tetrazole derivatives) were screened for their antibacterial activity (by disc diffusion method). Compound I 6 is the most active derivative that has recorded a significantly ( p <0.01) stronger influence to inhibit the growth of Candida zeylanoides with an average zone of inhibition of 26.0 mm. Derivatives I 7 and I 9 showed the lowest zone of inhibition of 8.0 mm against Candida zeylanoides . This study may be helpful in designing more potential anticandidal agents for therapeutic use in the future.

Characterization and screening of metals, metalloids and biomarkers in crude oil by ICP-MS/OES, and GC-MS techniques after digestion by microwave-induced combustion.

Abstract: A method for digestion of light and medium Iraqi crude oils (Basrah and Khanaken oils) using microwave-induced combustion (MIC) in closed vessels is described for the determination of Hg, Au, Cu, Al, Ca, Co, K, Mg, Si and Sr by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Mo, Ti, Mn, Li, Se-1 , Rb, Ag, Ba, Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, V and Zn by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Upon using MIC it was possible to obtain lower limits of detection by ICP-MS and also by ICP-OES compared with those obtained by microwave-assisted digestion. The MIC was the best choice with regard to the possibility of using dilute nitric acid as an absorbing solution, which is important to minimize the interference encountered by ICP-MS and ICP-OES.The physicochemical parameters and some contaminants of crude oil samples were analyzed to classify and assess the quality of the crude oils. This study determines the viability of the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as an alternativee to traditional petroleum geochemical methods for crude oil characterization. The infrared fingerprints agree with the results obtained from GC-MS analysis.

Effect of Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Supported by Selenium and Zinc on Lipid Profile of Local Sheep Males

Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supported with zinc and selenium on the lipid profile. of Twenty-one Iraqi males sheep were used aged (1-1.5) years and the weight mean approximately (38±4) kg. experiment animals used divided randomly into three treated groups each group have 7 males. All males were fed on the same ration. The first group was considered as a control group without treatment (T1), the second group (T2) were given yeast enriched with zinc (Saccharomyces cerevisiae -zinc) with dosage (0.2 g/kg/bw), the third group (3) was given yeast enriched with selenium (Saccharomyces cerevisiae-selenium) with dosage (0.03 g/kg/bw). The results showed significant (P≤0.05) differences control group compare with the other two-treated groups (T3 and T2) in triglyceride, LDL , VLDL and HDL . The results indicate to significant differences (P≤0.05) of (T2 and T3) compare with the control group by HDL . From the results concluded that there synergistic effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with zinc and selenium as organic form (Saccharomyces cerevisiae-zinc/selenium) could be attributed to improved animal health.

Detailed Quantum Cryptographic Service and Data Security in Cloud Computing

Abstract: This paper presents a holistic security solution for cloud computing environment by proposed a new secured cloud framework, which known as cryptographic cloud computing environment (CCCE) [14, 15]. CCCE entails both a trusted cloud-user and an innovative quantum cryptographic service (QCaaS). QCaaS is a new security service that responsible to solve the key generation, key distribution and key management problems, which emerged through the negotiation between the communications parties (cloud-user and cloud provider). Such service includes a proposed symmetric quantum encryption algorithm that is explained in previous work, usually called quantum advanced encryption standard (QAES). QAES build by the integration between a quantum key distribution (QKD) and an enhanced version of AES using two different modes, On-line and Off-line mode. Additionally, CCCE implemented using the system center manager 2012-SPI, which in turn, installed and configured based bare-metal Hyper-V, it poses more secured data transmission channels by provisioning secret key among cloud’s instances. Finally, CCCE reveals a higher secure data transmission comparing to other cloud security systems especially in key generation, key management, defeating almost type of attacks, and the impact rate of the proposed solution on the performance of cloud resources.

The effect of hormonal treatment with kisspeptin, GnRH and hCG on semen characteristics in buck Cyprus goats during non-breeding season as compared with breeding season

Abstract: The current study aimed to determine the effect of hormonal treatment with kisspeptin, GnRH and hCG on plasma testosterone concentration and semen characteristics in buck Cyprus goats during non-breeding season as compared with breeding season. This study was executed at the Ruminant Researches Station pertaining to the Directorate of Agricultural Researches, Ministry of Agriculture, Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad (latitude 33˚20' N) for the period from November 15th, 2012 to December 〖31〗^st 2013. A total of 20 buck Cyprus goats 2 years old and averages 55 kg body weight. During non-breeding season bucks were randomly divided into five equal groups (4 bucks / group). The first group (A1) was regarded as a control group, i.m injected with normal saline, whereas, the second (A2) and third (A3) groups were i.v injected with 4 and 8 µg / kg body weight of Kisspeptin-10 respectively. The fourth (A4) and fifth (A5) groups were i.m injected with hCG (250 IU / buck) and GnRH (20 µg / buck) respectively. Plasma testosterone concentrations were significantly (P≤ 0.01 and P≤ 0.05) increased at 20, 30, 40 and 50 min post-treatment in A5, A2 and A3 groups as compared with control A1. Mass motility and individual motility were significantly (P≤ 0.01) in A5, A4, A2 and A3 as compared with control during non-breeding season. In conclusion, our results show that Kisspeptin-10, GnRH and hCG can stimulate the quiescent hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis of bucks during non-breeding season by increasing plasma testosterone concentration post treatment that leads improving some semen characteristics during non-breeding season.

Effect of Arginine and Selenium with Vitamin E on WBC and the level of hormones in Iraqi ewes discharged

Abstract: This study was achieved in a special farm in Basaer village which lies on the right side of the Euphrates in Heet district l Anbar, Heet lies 70 K.M west Ramadi during the pesiod, From 17/4/2018 to 30/5/2018. 28 ewes aged 2-4 years of awassi with average weight 40-50 k.g. and a one lambing. All ewes were diagnosed by using the real-time Ultrasonography to make sure there is no pregnancy among the female before the experiment. All ewes were synchronized with intravaginal sponges impregnated with 60 mg MAP for 12 days before sponges withdrawal and eCG 500 IU (Novormon made in Argentina). The pregnant ewes were divided randomly and equally (7 each group) Into 4 groups The ewes in the first group were received an intramuscular injection of 160 Mµ of arginine 3 times daily. The second group were treated with 2ml/head a combination of selenium plus vitamin E (vitamin E 68mg/ml Selenium 1.5mg/ml). The third group was treated by injection of 160 Mµ of arginine and selenium with vitamin E 2 ml/head. The four groups were injected with normal saline which was considered as a control group. The ewes were inseminated by ram at the end of the hormonal program for five days. The samples of blood were taken from the Jugular vein at four-day treatment Also, In the 4, 10, 15, 18. The results of the experiment showed no significant deferent in WBC, Progesterone estrogen, growth hormone, prolactin, early of pregnancy in the treatment with the control group. The experiment showed a significant difference in the Progesterone concentration within a single treatment in three treatment without control. concluded from this study that use of arginine and selenium with vitamin E improves ewes health, increasing the progesterone to maintain pregnancy.

Measurement of Radiation Activity at Fallujah University in Anbar Governorate, Iraq

Abstract: In this work measured the exposure rates of background radiations in different locations of University of Fallujah, Iraq. Measurements the radiation exposure rate for the ionizing radiation (gamma rays, X-rays, Alpha and Beta particles) at the University of Fallujah and its colleges after the military operations in the period from 2013 to 2016. The scan was conducted by using the inspector XP for all colleges of the university. Our results were within the range allowed of the effective dose rate 1mSv/year and not any found the effect of radioactive sources.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of Novel Azetidin-2-ones Derived from Pyromellitic Diimide via [2+2]-Cycloaddition Reaction

Abstract: A series of novel 2-azetidinone derivatives have been obtained starting from pyromellitic dianhydride. Pyromellitic dianhydride was converted to pyromellitic diimide using sodium cyanate, and the diimide was alkylated with ethyl chloroacetate. The resulting diester was treated with hydrazine hydrate to obtain dihydrazide which reacted with substituted pyridine-2-carbaldehydes to give the corresponding Schiff bases, and [2+2]-cycloaddition of the latter with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine afforded the target azetidin-2-one derivatives. The newly synthesized compounds showed high antimicrobial activities against some bacterial and fungal strains.

The evaluation of Temperature effect on Peak-to-Peak Line Width (ΔHpp) of conjugating polymer Polypyrrole (Ppy)

Abstract: The magnetic properties of the neutral and doped polymer polypyrrole (Ppy) nanostructure has been successfully synthesize via chemical method. The nanostructured powder was investigated using electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. The board ESR signal was attributed to the existence of unpaired electrons. The g-factor of pure Ppy decreased with increasing temperature while that of doped (Ppy) was found to increase linearly from 1.9504 to 1.9925 within a temperature range of 298K - 473 K. This could be due to polaron species formation. The current results demonstrated that polypyrrole (Ppy) could be considered as a good candidate for many applications especially in organic photovoltaic and gas sensors.

Using Role-based to Implement Certificate Authority Management for Big Data

Abstract: One of the big issues for dynamic organizations is managing the confidential information of big data. Improving security is needed to secure exchange of confidential documents, protection against unauthorized accesses, handling changes in the permissions and roles of people and dealing with the dynamism that can happen if any person leaves or join the system. However, there are limitations in using traditional cryptographic systems and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) concerning flexibility and manageability. In this paper, we propose a secure and verifiable access control system that implements a Certificate Authority coupled with Role-Based Access Control to provide the permissions to the user to access data. The digital certificate is certified, issued, and revoked by a central administrator; as a result, the certificate is sent based on the role of the user. The proposed scheme has been demonstrated on a big dataset. We believe that our work can be applied to organizations that rely heavily on big data.

The Effect of Constructing and Using Training Program for Physics Teachers-Fallujah University on Using the Virtual Labs to Their Technical Enlightenment

Abstract: The current research aims to find The effect of constructing and using training program forphysics teachers-Fallujah university on using the virtual labs to their technical enlightenment by testing the following hypotheses: 1- There is no statistically significant difference at the level of 0.05 indicative between the average grades of teachers of Fallujah University before and after training on the use of virtual laboratories on the technical enlightenment scale. 2- There is no statistically significant difference at the level of 0.05 between the average grades of the Teachers of Fallujah University who have undergone the training program on the use of virtual laboratories and who have not been trained on the technical enlightenment scale.

Long-Term Impacts of Nitrate in Feed of Rabbits on the Hematological Parameters and Ameliorate its Effect by Using Vitamin C

Abstract: This study conducted to investigate the effect of nitrate and vitamin C infeed of the females rabbits on the haematological parameters. Twenty-eight adult New-Zealand females rabbits were divided randomly into four groups of 7 rabbits each, were fed nitrate and vitamin C 16 weeks as follow; Group 1 (G1) fed nitrate (170 mg/ kg B.W./ daily),Group 2 (G2) fed nitrate (170 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and vitamin C (50 mg / kg B.W./ daily), Group 3 (G3): fed nitrate (170 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and vitamin C (100 mg / kg B.W./ daily) and Group 4 (G4) fed a basal ration as control group. The results showed a significant decreased (P<0.05) in hematological parameters (WBC, RBC, PCV and Hb) in the group that fed nitrate (G1) compared with control group and groups that supplied vitamin C (G4, G2 and G3), whereas the groups that fed vitamin C showed a significant decreased (P<0.05) compared with the control group (G4). From results concluded, the nitrate has inhibition impact on the hematological parameters, while vitamin C decrease this effect.

Immunohistochemical Expression of TGF-β3 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract: Squamous cell carcinoma characterized by poor prognosis due to aggressive tumor growth and dissemination high rate of tumor cell . age ranged of patient case included in the study 40-62 years and mean age 55±99. The sex distribution male/female ratio 1:1. Male case 15 and female 15 of the present study The results of clinical forums showed in the current study was endophytic 10(33.3%) in the same time Exophytic were presented in 20 cases (76.7%). Regarding distribution of the tumors site, the preponderance of them 19 cases 73.3% were located alveolar mucosa, followed by in the tongue 11 cases(36.7%) Tumor stage was analyzed and recorded in Oral squamous cell carcinoma included cases, the preponderance of them were Stage II 11 cases 36.7% followed by stage III 10 cases 33.3% , 9 cases 30.0% were stage I. While Concerning tumor grade, majority of them 15 cases 50% had grade II moderately differentiated SCC, while 11 cases 36.7% had grade III poorly differentiated SCC and 4 cases 13.3% had grade I well differentiated SCC Positive TGF-β3 immunostaining was detected as cell with staining brown color, all tissues sections included show Positive expression based on IHC teqnique. Positive Transforming Growth Factor TGF-β3 Immuno staining was found in all case results and display that 4 samples with percentage 13.3% expressed strong positive 87.67 ± 1.45 expression , 11cases 36.7% showed 51.33 ±0.88 positive expression moderate at the same time 15 samples 50.0% showed positive weak expression.

Infant Cry Recognition System: A Comparison of System Performance based on CDHMM and ANN

Abstract: Cries of infants can be seen as an indicator of pain. It has been proven that crying caused by pain, hunger, fear, stress, etc., show different cry patterns. The work presented here introduces a comparative study between the performance of two different classification techniques implemented in an automatic classification system for identifying two types of infants' cries, pain, and non-pain. The techniques are namely, Continuous Hidden Markov Models (CHMM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Two different sets of acoustic features were extracted from the cry samples, those are MFCC and LPCC, the feature vectors generated by each were eventually fed into the classification module for the purpose of training and testing. The results of this work showed that the system based on CDHMM have better performance than that based on ANN. CDHMM gives the best identification rate at 96.1%, which is much higher than 79% of ANN whereby in general the system based on MFCC features performed better than the one that utilizes LPCC features.

Production of Melanin from Aspergillus fumigatus as an Avirulence Factor

Abstract: In this quantitative examination of melanin was detected in 41 isolates of fumigatus. It was found that the significance of the difference in which the production of melanin (p ˂ 0.001) was the range of melanin extracted from fumigatus between (1.2 - 3.1 mg/mL). The isolates AFU1, AFU14, AFU29, AFU30, and AFU41 indicated that the maximum production ranged between (2.9-3.1 mg/mL). 2 hours at 100°C. It has similarities with standard melanin characters, and the same chemical characters of melanin extracted from the hymen of Bjerkandara adusta have been achieved according to a study (14) meaning there is similarity with standard melanin. The overlay of IR spectra of synthetic melanin extracted from fungal cultures showed a high degree of similarity. Purification of melanin from A. fumigatus. Wave numbers shown in 3381, 2927, 1867, 1531, 1404, 1073 and 651 cm-1 The wave range can be traced to the following chemical groups: 3381 cm-1 attributed to OH bonds, 2927 cm-1 to HC or HC = 0 bonds 1404 (C-CH3), and 651 cm -1 to (acyclic) CH2 bonds.